People v. Rodriguez

FIFTH DIVISION
April 20, 2007
No. 1-05-1044
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, ) Appeal from the
) Circuit Court of
Plaintiff-Appellee, ) Cook County
)
v. )
)
JORGE RODRIGUEZ, )
) Honorable
Defendant-Appellant. ) Joseph G. Kazmierski,
) Judge Presiding.
JUSTICE O’MARA FROSSARD delivered the opinion of the court:
Defendant, Jorge Rodriguez, was convicted by a jury of the first degree murder of Mario
Avila. His two codefendants, Phonakone Sangathit and Carolina Santos received separate trials.
Following the defendant’s conviction, the trial judge sentenced him to 35 years in the Illinois
Department of Corrections and imposed an additional enhanced sentence of 15 years for
committing the murder while armed with a firearm. Defendant challenges imposition of the
enhanced sentence because he was found guilty of murder under an accountability theory. He
also contends the enhanced sentence violated the principles articulated in Apprendi v. New
Jersey, 530 U.S. 466, 147 L. Ed. 2d 435, 120 S. Ct. 2348 (2000). We affirm.
BACKGROUND
On July 28, 2001, defendant asked Mario Avila to supply him and codefendant Sangathit
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with four kilograms of cocaine. Avila agreed and told defendant each kilo would cost $20,000.
Once the meeting place and time were finalized, defendant and the other codefendants planned to
rob and kill Avila. Upon arriving at the meeting place, defendant stood by while his codefendant
Phonakone Sangathit shot Avila once in the head and once in the chest and left him in Avila’s
car.
Defendant was arrested on August 4, 2001, and brought into the Area 5 police station.
During questioning, the defendant’s alibi broke down and he and his accomplices were charged
with Avila’s murder. In defendant’s videotaped confession he admitted to running from the
scene of the homicide with Sangathit after the shooting because they saw someone coming down
the alley. Several hours later defendant returned to the victim’s car and showed his girlfriend,
Noris Sanchez the victim’s body. Defendant drove the car with Sanchez in the backseat into an
alley near Irving Park and Laramie and waited for Sangathit. When Sangathit arrived, he told
defendant to follow behind him and drove to another alley where defendant and Sangathit
removed the victim’s body from the car and put it next to a garbage can. Defendant and
Sangathit searched the victim’s car for drugs, which they found underneath the back seat.
Defendant admitted smashing the victim’s pagers “so that there would like [sic] no evidence.”
The defense did not present any evidence. The jury found defendant guilty of the first
degree murder of Mario Avila. Defendant was sentenced to 35 years in prison and an additional
15 years under section 5-8-1(a)(1)(d)(i) of the Unified Code of Corrections (Code) (730 ILCS
5/5-8-1(a)(1)(d)(i) (West Supp. 2005)). Defendant filed a motion to reconsider the sentence
which was denied. This appeal follows.
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ANALYSIS
In the instant case, none of the facts of the trial are in dispute. Defendant is challenging
the underlying statute used to enhance defendant’s sentence. Defendant’s challenge presents a
question of statutory interpretation, which we resolve using a de novo standard of review. People
v. Taylor, 221 Ill. 2d 157, 162 (2006).
Defendant presents two arguments in support of his challenge to his sentence. He
contends that an enhanced sentence under section 5-8-1(a)(1)(d) (730 ILCS 5/5-8-1(a)(1)(d)
(West Supp. 2005)) was improper because he was found guilty of first degree murder under an
accountability theory and an enhanced sentence requires that he be personally armed with a
firearm during the offense. Defendant also argues that the sentence enhancement violated the
principles articulated in Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466, 147 L. Ed. 2d 435, 120 S. Ct.
2348 (2000), because the verdict form returned by the jury did not contain a finding that
defendant was armed with a firearm during the offense. We take each argument in turn.
ENHANCED SENTENCE APPLIES TO ACCOUNTABLE DEFENDANT
Defendant argues that section 5-8-1(a)(1)(d)(i) (730 ILCS 5/5-8-1(a)(1)(d)(i) (West Supp.
2005)) does not provide that a person convicted under a theory of accountability is subject to the
firearm enhancement if he or she is not personally armed at the time of murder. We look to the
intent of the legislature to determine whether defendant’s sentencing is outside the scope of the
statute. People v. Davis, 199 Ill. 2d 130, 135 (2002). The best indication of legislative intent is
the language of the statute. People v. Waid, 221 Ill. 2d 464 (2006). Section 5-8-1(a)(1) provides
in pertinent part as follows:
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“(a) Except as otherwise provided in the statute defining the
offense, a sentence of imprisonment for a felony shall be a
determinate sentence set by the court under this Section, according
to the following limitations:
(1) for first degree murder,
(a) a term shall be not less than 20 years and not
more than 60 years, or
***
(d) (i) if the person committed the offense while
armed with a firearm, 15 years shall be added to the term of
imprisonment imposed by the court;
(ii) if, during the commission of the offense, the
person personally discharged a firearm, 20 years shall be
added to the term of imprisonment imposed by the court;
(iii) if, during the commission of the offense, the
person personally discharged a firearm that proximately
caused great bodily harm, permanent disability, permanent
disfigurement, or death to another person, 25 years or up to
a term of natural life shall be added to the term of
imprisonment imposed by the court.” 730 ILCS 5/5-8-1(a)
(1)(a), (d) (West Supp. 2005).
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When statutes address the same subject, sections in pari materia should be considered
with reference to one another in order to give the various sections harmonious effect. People v.
McCarty, 223 Ill. 2d 109, 133 (2006). When read together, the sections of this statute show a key
distinction. In subsections (ii) and (iii), the word “personally” is added to refer to the person
subject to the enhanced sentence. Those sections of the statute provide specific penalties for the
person who personally discharges a firearm. The principles of statutory interpretation dictate that
the different wording used in the sections denotes a different purpose. Had the legislature wished
to limit the enhancement in section (i) to persons who personally discharge a firearm, it would
have placed the word “personally” in the language of the statute, as it did in subsections (ii) and
(iii). However, because the legislature chose not to word subsection (i) in the same way, it is
clear that it did not want to limit this 15-year enhancement to only those defendants who
personally discharge a firearm, but wanted to include those defendants convicted under the
principles of accountability.
APPRENDI VIOLATION
Additionally, defendant argues that Apprendi was violated because in the instant case the
factual basis for the sentence enhancement, i.e., being armed with a firearm during the offense,
was not submitted to the jury and was not proven beyond a reasonable doubt. Apprendi, 530
U.S. at 490, 147 L. Ed. 2d at 455, 120 S. Ct. at 2362-63. In Apprendi, the Supreme Court held
that the facts that increase the prescribed penalties for an offense must be submitted to a jury and
proven beyond a reasonable doubt. Apprendi, 530 U.S. at 490, 147 L. Ed. 2d at 455, 120 S. Ct.
at 2362-63.
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In the instant case, based on Illinois Pattern Jury Instruction, Criminal, No. 7.02 (4th ed.
2000), the jury was specifically instructed that in order to find defendant guilty of the offense of
first degree murder, it would have to find that the State proved beyond a reasonable doubt:
“First: That the defendant, or one for whose conduct he is
legally responsible, performed the acts which caused the death of
Mario Avila while armed with a firearm; and
Second: That when the defendant, or one for whose conduct
he is legally responsible, did so, he intended to kill or do great
bodily harm to Mario Avila;
or
he knew that his acts would cause death to Mario Avila;
or
he knew that his acts created a strong probability of death
or great bodily harm to Mario Avila;
or
he was attempting to commit the offense of armed
robbery.”
The court further instructed the jury that “[i]f you find from your consideration of all the
evidence that each one of these propositions has been proved beyond a reasonable doubt, you
should find the defendant guilty.” The court also instructed the jury that “[i]f you find from your
consideration of all the evidence that any one of these propositions has not been proved beyond a
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reasonable doubt, you should return a verdict of not guilty.”
After considering the evidence together with these instructions and the arguments by the
parties, the jury returned a general verdict finding defendant guilty of the offense of first degree
murder. The record, including the evidence, the instructions, and the signed verdict form,
reflects that the jury in the instant case found beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant, or
one for whose conduct he was legally responsible, was armed with a firearm while performing
the acts which caused the death of Avila. As stated above, the trial judge appropriately applied
an enhanced sentence based on defendant’s accountability for the conduct of his codefendants,
including shooting Mario Avila once in the head and once in the chest with a firearm. Before
deliberating, the jury was instructed that to find defendant guilty of first degree murder, it would
have to find that the State proved beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant, or one for whose
conduct he was legally responsible, performed the acts which caused the death of Mario Avila
while armed with a firearm.
The verdict of the jury reflected that it was proven beyond a reasonable doubt that
defendant, or one for whose conduct he was legally responsible, committed the offense while
armed with a firearm. For the reasons previously discussed, in the instant case the sentence
enhancement requirements are satisfied under accountability principles. The instructions
provided to the jury at defendant’s trial including the language “while armed with a firearm” and
properly articulated the facts that were required to be proven beyond a reasonable doubt in order
to apply the 15-year extension to defendant’s sentence.
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Our analysis is consistent with the principles articulated by the Illinois Supreme Court in
People v. Hopkins, 201 Ill. 2d 26 (2002). In Hopkins, the defendant was sentenced to an
extended term in prison after being convicted of first degree murder, armed robbery, aggravated
battery, and home invasion. In its analysis the court in Hopkins noted that the jury returned a
verdict of guilty for the charged offense of aggravated battery and this charge included the fact of
the victim’s age as an element of the offense. Hopkins, 210 Ill. 2d at 39. Accordingly, the age of
the victim was an element proven beyond a reasonable doubt which permitted the trial court to
sentence defendant to an extended term sentence. Hopkins, 201 Ill. 2d at 39.
Similarly in the instant case, the fact that defendant, or one for whose conduct he was
legally responsible, was “armed with a firearm” was included as a fact which the instruction
required the State to prove to the jury beyond a reasonable doubt. In returning the verdict finding
defendant guilty of first degree murder, the jury in the instant case found beyond a reasonable
doubt that defendant, or one for whose conduct he was legally responsible, was armed with a
firearm. The fact of being “armed with a firearm” which enhanced the penalty for the offense of
murder was submitted to the jury and proven beyond a reasonable doubt as required by Apprendi.
Accordingly, there is no Apprendi violation.
CONCLUSION
The plain wording of the statute at issue, section 5-8-1(a)(1)(d)(i) of the Code (730 ILCS
5/5-8-1(a)(1)(d)(i) (West Supp. 2005)), permitted the judge based on the facts of the instant case
to impose upon defendant an enhanced sentence of 15 years in the Illinois Department of
Corrections. The record reflects no Apprendi violation because the State proved beyond a
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reasonable doubt that defendant or one for whose conduct he was legally responsible performed
the acts which caused the death of Mario Avila while armed with a firearm. For the reasons
previously discussed, we reject defendant’s request to reduce by 15 years defendant’s sentence of
50 years imprisonment.
Affirmed.
TULLY and GALLAGHER, JJ., concur.
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