People v. Rosas

2022 IL App (5th) 190398-UNOTICE
NOTICE
Decision filed 08/04/22. The
This order was filed under
text of this decision may be NO. 5-19-0398
Supreme Court Rule 23 and is
changed or corrected prior to
the filing of a Petition for not precedent except in the
Rehearing or the disposition of
IN THE limited circumstances allowed
the same. under Rule 23(e)(1).
APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS
FIFTH DISTRICT
______________________________________________________________________________
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, ) Appeal from the
) Circuit Court of
Plaintiff-Appellee, ) Perry County.
)
v. ) No. 15-CF-172
)
RODOLFO ROSAS, ) Honorable
) James W. Campanella,
Defendant-Appellant. ) Judge, presiding.
______________________________________________________________________________
JUSTICE BARBERIS delivered the judgment of the court.
Justices Wharton and Vaughan concurred in the judgment.
ORDER
¶1 Held: The circuit court’s summary dismissal is affirmed where defendant’s postconviction
petition failed to state the gist of a constitutional claim, and the court dismissed the
petition in compliance with postconviction procedures. Appointed appellate
counsel is granted leave to withdraw.
¶2 Defendant, Rodolfo Rosas, pleaded guilty to the offense of aggravated battery of a
correctional institution employee and was sentenced to 3½ years in prison. Over three years later,
defendant filed a pro se petition for postconviction relief, which the circuit court summarily
dismissed. Defendant appealed, and the circuit court appointed the Office of the State Appellate
Defender (OSAD) to represent him. After concluding that defendant’s appeal lacked substantial
merit, OSAD filed a motion to withdraw as counsel (see Pennsylvania v. Finley, 481 U.S. 551(1987)) and a memorandum of law in support. Defendant replied in a handwritten letter that he
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was unsure how to respond to OSAD’s motion. Based on a review of the record, we grant OSAD
leave to withdraw as counsel and affirm the judgment of the circuit court.
¶3 I. Background
¶4 In a 2001, defendant pleaded guilty to first degree murder, and the circuit court sentenced
him to 25 years’ imprisonment. In December 2015, defendant was charged with aggravated battery
(see 720 ILCS 5/12-3.05(d)(4) (West 2014)), a Class 2 felony (id. § 12-3.05(h)), while incarcerated
at the Pinckneyville Correctional Center after he struck Kale Lively, a correctional lieutenant, in
March 2014.
¶5 On February 16, 2016, the State, with defendant present and represented by counsel,
announced a plea agreement to which defendant would plead guilty to aggravated battery and
receive a 3½-year prison sentence followed by two years’ mandatory supervised release (MSR).
The State indicated that defendant’s sentence would run consecutively to his prior 25-year prison
sentence for first degree murder. Defendant, in response to queries from the court, stated that he
was neither under the influence of any drugs nor pleading guilty due to any force, coercion, or
promises outside the plea agreement.
¶6 The court thoroughly admonished defendant as to the nature of the charge, the possible
penalties, the terms of the plea agreement, and the fact that the new sentence would begin after he
had served 100% of his 25-year sentence. Defendant indicated that he understood. The court
further admonished defendant of his right to a trial, whether by a jury or by a judge, his rights at
trial, including the right to confront and cross-examine the State’s witnesses and to remain silent,
and the State’s burden of proving his guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. Defendant indicated that he
understood. Defendant pleaded guilty and signed a written plea of guilty.
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The State then presented a factual basis for the plea, stating that on March 9, 2014, “an altercation”
developed between several inmates and correctional officers at the Pinckneyville Correctional
Center. At some point, defendant struck correctional lieutenant Kale Lively in the head or face,
causing minor injuries. Following the State’s factual basis, defendant indicated his desire to plead
guilty, and the circuit court accepted the plea. In accordance with the parties’ agreement, the court
sentenced defendant to 3½ years in prison, with day-for-day credit, to run consecutively with his
prior 25-year prison sentence for first degree murder followed by 2 years’ MSR. The court advised
defendant of his right to appeal and the requirement to file a motion to withdraw his guilty plea
within 30 days. Defendant did not file a motion to withdraw his guilty plea or otherwise attempt
an appeal from the judgment of conviction.
¶7 On August 16, 2019, defendant filed a pro se postconviction petition, arguing that the State
“vindictively” charged him with aggravated battery, and he did not receive day-for-day credit on
the first degree murder conviction. Defendant asked the circuit court “to vacate the criminal
judgment” for aggravated battery, asserting that he would have been released from prison in
September 2012 and the aggravated battery charge would not have occurred if he received the
appropriate credit.
¶8 On August 27, 2019, the circuit court “denied [the petition] at the first stage.” According
to the court, it did not matter whether defendant was wrongly imprisoned at the time he committed
aggravated battery upon the correctional officer. The court stated that “[s]uch argument is patently
frivolous and without merit.” Defendant filed a timely notice of appeal, and the circuit court
appointed OSAD as appellate counsel.
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¶9 II. Analysis
¶ 10 Defendant appeals from the circuit court’s order summarily dismissing his pro se petition
for relief under the Post-Conviction Hearing Act (Act) (725 ILCS 5/122-1 et seq. (West 2018)),
claiming he should have received day-for-day credit on his 25-year sentence for first degree
murder. He argues that he would have been released from prison in September 2012 if he received
such credit, thus, he would not have been charged with aggravated battery in March 2014.
Defendant also argues that he was prosecuted “vindictively” on the aggravated battery charge. We
are unpersuaded by his arguments.
¶ 11 The Act provides a method by which any person imprisoned in the penitentiary may assert
that his conviction resulted from a substantial violation of his federal or state constitutional rights.
725 ILCS 5/122-1(a)(1) (West 2018); People v. Smith, 2015 IL 116572, ¶ 9. A proceeding under
the Act is a collateral proceeding, not an appeal from the judgment of conviction. People v.
English, 2013 IL 112890, ¶ 21. A postconviction proceeding begins when a criminal defendant
files a postconviction petition in the circuit court. 725 ILCS 5/122-1(b) (West 2018). “The petition
shall *** clearly set forth the respects in which [defendant’s] constitutional rights were violated.
The petition shall have attached thereto affidavits, records, or other evidence supporting its
allegations or shall state why the same are not attached.” Id. § 122-2. The Act requires the circuit
court to examine a defendant’s postconviction petition, and enter an order thereon, within 90 days
after the petition is filed and docketed. Id. § 122-2.1(a). A circuit court needs to determine within
the 90-day timeframe whether it should summarily dismiss defendant’s petition as frivolous or
patently without merit (id. § 122-2.1(a)(2)) or order the petition to be docketed for further
consideration (id. § 122-2.1(b)). The court must make that determination independently, without
any additional input from the defendant, and without any input from the State. People v. Edwards,
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197 Ill. 2d 239, 244 (2001). Appellate review of such an order is de novo. People v. Allen, 2015
IL 113135, ¶ 19.
¶ 12 A pro se postconviction petition may be dismissed as frivolous or patently without merit
only if its allegations, taken as true and liberally construed, fail to state the gist of a constitutional
claim. Edwards, 197 Ill. 2d at 244. In other words, the petition may be dismissed “only if [it] has
no arguable basis either in law or in fact.” People v. Hodges, 234 Ill. 2d 1, 12 (2009). “A petition
which lacks an arguable basis either in law or in fact is one which is based on an indisputably
meritless legal theory or a fanciful factual allegation,” such as one which is completely
contradicted by the record. Id. at 16. In order to meet the “gist” standard, a defendant “ ‘need only
present a limited amount of detail’ ” in his petition, and he need not make legal arguments or cite
to legal authority. People v. Delton, 227 Ill. 2d 247, 254 (2008) (quoting People v. Gaultney, 174
Ill. 2d 410, 418 (1996)). “However, a ‘limited amount of detail’ does not mean that a pro se
petitioner is excused from providing any factual detail at all surrounding the alleged constitutional
deprivation.” Id. The pleading requirements for a pro se petition certainly are low, but they are
real, and they must be met if the petition is to avoid summary dismissal. See Hodges, 234 Ill. 2d
at 9-10 (“[O]ur recognition of a low threshold at this stage does not mean that a pro se petitioner
is excused from providing any factual detail at all surrounding the alleged constitutional
violation.”).
¶ 13 Here, defendant failed to state the gist of a constitutional claim. First, even if defendant
was in fact imprisoned past his proper release date, he can still be guilty of aggravated battery.
Simply stated, the propriety of defendant’s sentence is irrelevant to whether or not he committed
aggravated battery while he was incarcerated. Moreover, defendant’s claims are unsupported by
any affidavits, records, or other evidence. Thus, this court cannot excuse his petition for failing to
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provide any factual detail surrounding the alleged constitutional deprivation, where defendant
failed to present even a limited amount of detail to support his constitutional claim.
¶ 14 Accordingly, the circuit court’s order summary dismissal of defendant’s postconviction
petition as frivolous or patently without merit was proper, where defendant failed to state the gist
of a constitutional claim, and the record supports that the court examined defendant’s
postconviction petition and entered an order within 90 days after the petition was filed and
docketed (725 ILCS 5/122-2.1(a) (West 2018)).
¶ 15 III. Conclusion
¶ 16 Defendant failed to state the gist of a constitutional claim in his postconviction petition,
and the circuit court summarily dismissed the petition in compliance with postconviction
procedures. Accordingly, OSAD is granted leave to withdraw as counsel, and the judgment of the
circuit court is affirmed.
¶ 17 Motion granted; judgment affirmed.
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