In re C.B.

2023 IL App (4th) 220910-UNo. 4-22-0910
Order filed March 13, 2023
NOTICE: This order was filed under Supreme Court Rule 23(b) and is not precedent
except in the limited circumstances allowed under Rule 23(e)(1).
______________________________________________________________________________
IN THE
APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS
SECOND DISTRICT
______________________________________________________________________________
In re C.B., a Minor ) Appeal from the Circuit Court
) of McLean County.
)
) No. 21-JD-73
)
) Honorable
(The People of the State of Illinois, Petitioner- ) Jason Chambers,
Appellee, v. C.B., Respondent-Appellant). ) Judge, Presiding.
______________________________________________________________________________
JUSTICE HUDSON delivered the judgment of the court.
Presiding Justice McLaren and Justice Hutchinson concurred in the judgment.
ORDER
¶1 Held: The trial court erred in committing respondent to the Department of Juvenile
Justice. Accordingly, the order of commitment is vacated and the matter remanded
for a new sentencing hearing.
¶2 In March 2022, the circuit court of McLean County adjudicated respondent, C.B. (born
December 26, 2006), a delinquent minor after he was found guilty of four counts of child
pornography. In September 2022, following a sentencing hearing, the court committed respondent
to the Department of Juvenile Justice (Department) for an indeterminate term not to exceed his
21st birthday. Respondent appeals, arguing that the case should be remanded for a new sentencing
hearing because the trial court failed to comply with the statutory requirements set forth in section
2023 IL App (4th) 220910-U5-750(1) of the Juvenile Court Act of 1987 (Act) (705 ILCS 405/5-750(1) (West 2020)) prior to
committing him to the Department. For the reasons set forth below, we vacate the order committing
respondent to the Department and remand the matter for a new sentencing hearing. 1
¶3 I. BACKGROUND
¶4 A. Petition for Adjudication of Wardship
¶5 On September 9, 2021, the State filed a petition for adjudication of wardship in McLean
County case No. 21-JD-73. The petition asserted that respondent was delinquent because he had
committed four counts of child pornography. Two of the counts alleged that on or about February
28, 2021, respondent “knowingly videotaped, or otherwise depicted by means of any similar visual
medium or reproduction or depiction by computer of E.C., a child whom the respondent minor
knew to be under the age of 18 years” while she actually engaged in an act of sexual penetration
or sexual conduct with respondent, in violation of section 11-20.1(a)(1) of the Criminal Code of
2012 (Code) (720 ILCS 5/11-20.1(a)(1) (West 2020)). The other two counts alleged that on or
about April 14, 2021, respondent “with the knowledge of the content thereof, and with the intent
to disseminate, exhibited a videotape, film or other similar visual reproduction or depiction by
computer of E.C., a child whom the minor knew was under the age of 18 years” which did show
E.C. actually engaging in an act of sexual penetration or sexual conduct with respondent, in
violation of section 11-20.1(a)(1)(vii) of the Code (720 ILCS 5/11-20.1(a)(1)(vii) (West 2020)). 2
1
This appeal was transferred from the Fourth District to the Second District pursuant to
Illinois Supreme Court Order M.R. 31650 (eff. Feb. 6, 2023).
2
In the petition for adjudication of wardship, the counts alleging that respondent
disseminated child pornography cite only to section 11-20.1(a)(1)(vii) of the Code (720 ILCS 5/11-
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2023 IL App (4th) 220910-UAll four counts are classified as Class X felonies. 720 ILCS 5/11-20.1(c) (West 2020). At some
point, respondent was placed on home confinement with electronic monitoring.
¶6 B. Trial
20.1(a)(1)(vii) (West 2020)). That provision describes the offense of child pornography when a
person “films, videotapes, photographs, or otherwise depicts or portrays by means of any similar
visual medium or reproduction or depicts by computer any child whom he or she knows to be
under the age of 18 *** where such child *** is *** depicted or portrayed in any pose, posture or
setting involving a lewd exhibition of the unclothed or transparently clothed genitals, pubic areas,
buttocks, or, if such person is a female, a fully or partially developed breast of the child or other
person.” 720 ILCS 5/11-20.1(a)(1)(vii) (West 2020). The statute making the dissemination of child
pornography an offense is set forth in section 11-20.1(a)(2) of the Code (720 ILCS 5/11-20.1(a)(2)
(West 2020)), a separate provision. We note, however, that defendant does not allege that the
State’s failure to cite to section 11-20.1(a)(2) of the Code in the petition for adjudication of
wardship prejudiced him. See, e.g., People v. Cohn, 2014 IL App (3d) 120910, ¶ 14 (noting that
mere reference in charging instrument to an incorrect section of a statute is a formal rather than
substantive defect that is grounds for reversal only where the defendant demonstrates prejudice);
People v. Burke, 362 Ill. App. 3d 99, 103 (2005) (holding that a defect in a statutory citation in a
charging instrument does not warrant reversal where the charging instrument adequately informs
the defendant of the charges and the defendant cannot demonstrate prejudice from the incorrect
citation); People v. Melton, 282 Ill. App. 3d 408, 415-16 (1996) (observing that posttrial claim that
charging instrument cited incorrect statute does not warrant reversal unless the defendant was
prejudiced by the incorrect citation).
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2023 IL App (4th) 220910-U¶7 The matter proceeded to a bench trial on March 17, 2022. The State’s first witness was
E.C. E.C. testified that she was born on October 9, 2007, and that she met respondent when she
was 12 years of age. On February 28, 2021, E.C. and respondent exchanged messages on Snapchat.
Later that same day, E.C. went to respondent’s house where she and respondent had oral and
vaginal intercourse on the front porch of respondent’s home. During the interaction, E.C. noticed
that the flash on respondent’s phone was illuminated. This indicated to E.C. that respondent was
recording the interaction. E.C. did not ask respondent to cease recording. Subsequently, E.C.’s
brother told her that videos of her interaction with respondent had been circulated on Snapchat and
Instagram. E.C. testified that she cried when she found out the videos had been posted. After a
break, E.C. was recalled as a witness by respondent’s attorney. At that time, E.C. testified that she
had been asked to “drop the charges” against respondent. E.C. further added that she “didn’t want
to pursue this.”
¶8 Next, the State called Detective Tyrel Klein of the Bloomington Police Department. In
May 2021, Klein was assigned to investigate a report involving the potential dissemination of
sexual images of a minor. As part of the investigation, Klein contacted E.C.’s mother to schedule
an interview of E.C. at the Child Advocacy Center. Klein watched the interview remotely via
Zoom. During the interview, Klein learned of a Snapchat account with a username associated with
respondent. Klein served a preservation request on Snapchat with respect to that account. Klein
testified that the subscriber information supplied by Snapchat matched the username provided by
E.C. during her interview. Klein also received a data file from Snapchat. The data file contained
two videos of respondent and E.C. Klein testified that both of the videos had been disseminated
via respondent’s Snapchat account. In viewing the files, Klein determined that the videos of E.C.
and respondent were first sent on March 4, 2021, and that they were sent at least 16 times in total.
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2023 IL App (4th) 220910-UOn cross-examination, Klein testified that during the interview, E.C. said that the contact between
her and respondent was consensual.
¶9 Following Klein’s testimony, the State rested. Respondent elected not to testify. After
closing arguments by the parties, the court entered an order (1) finding the allegations of the four
counts set forth in the petition for adjudication of wardship had been proven beyond a reasonable
doubt and (2) adjudicating respondent a delinquent minor. The court continued the matter for
sentencing pending the preparation of a sentencing report and a sex offender evaluation. The
sentencing hearing was eventually scheduled for September 22, 2022.
¶ 10 C. Social Investigation Report and Sex Offender Evaluation
¶ 11 On September 15, 2022, Dawn Marseilles, an intake officer with Juvenile Court Services
filed a social investigation report (Report) that she prepared for the sentencing hearing. The Report
provided that in addition to being sentenced in case No. 21-JD-73, respondent would be sentenced
in two other McLean County cases—case No. 21-JD-63 and case No. 22-JD-35. For context, in
case No. 21-JD-63, respondent was convicted, following a bench trial, of two counts related to the
May 2021 theft of a bicycle valued at $629.94. In case No. 22-JD-35, respondent admitted to one
count of child pornography. The offense in case No. 22-JD-35 occurred in April 2022, when
respondent, during a live video broadcast on social media, walked into a room where a female,
T.T., was having intercourse with respondent’s cousin. Respondent was out of the room when he
began recording and had about a 50% guess as to whether T.T. and his cousin were “doing sexual
things” when he walked in. Respondent denied having an intent to show a live video.
¶ 12 The Report showed that respondent had numerous prior police contacts, but, other than a
2018 ordinance violation and the three cases for which he was being sentenced, none of them
resulted in court dispositions. Regarding respondent’s educational history, the Report noted that
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2023 IL App (4th) 220910-Uan individualized education plan from 2021 indicated that respondent had been diagnosed with
attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The Report further provided that respondent
most recently attended the Regional Alternative School (RAS) but earned no credits due to a lack
of attendance. The principal of RAS reported that respondent would not be able to attend RAS
during 2022 because of “conflicts with peers on both the morning and afternoon schedules.” The
assistant principal at Bloomington High School stated that respondent would not be approved to
return to a “normal” schedule there “due to the severity of his actions that led to the transfer to
RAS last school year.” However, Bloomington High School agreed to provide respondent
“homebound tutoring” for at least the first semester of the school year before reassessing the
possibility of respondent returning to either Bloomington High School or RAS.
¶ 13 The Report provided that respondent has a close group of friends he had known since he
was young. Anntionetta Rountree, respondent’s mother, stated that she was concerned about the
activities respondent engaged in with his friends. Rountree was worried for respondent’s safety
because “she believes her son and his friends have made dangerous enemies around town.” The
Report noted that in July 2022, shots were fired at the apartment where respondent and Rountree
resided. As a result, respondent moved in with a family member for three days until Rountree felt
it was safe for him to return home. The Bloomington Police Department indicated that respondent
is associated with the Take Down Gang, “a hybrid gang in Bloomington that has been around for
at least 2 years.” According to the Report, “[e]ight guns have been taken off the members [of the
Take Down Gang] and they have been involved in several incidents of gun fire.”
¶ 14 The Report stated that respondent denied drinking alcohol. He acknowledged using
cannabis, although not regularly. According to Rountree, however, respondent drinks often and
has sent her Snapchat pictures of himself drinking alcohol on the porch of their apartment.
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2023 IL App (4th) 220910-URountree also reported that respondent uses cannabis daily, and she described his cannabis usage
as “excessive.” Respondent acknowledged that he angers easily. He stated that he typically handles
his anger by yelling but apologizes after he has calmed down. Rountree stated that respondent
“often takes out his anger by breaking things and doing damage to her home.” Rountree had
concerns about being evicted from her apartment due to the extensive damage respondent does to
the unit when he does not get his way. The Report noted that respondent was not willing to discuss
the offenses for which he was before the court. To this end, when respondent was asked to
complete a form titled “Minor’s Version of the Offense,” he wrote “I DO NOT WANT TO MAKE
A STATEMENT!!!”
¶ 15 The Report noted that respondent recently completed a sex offender evaluation
(Evaluation) through ABC Counseling and Family Services (ABC). The Report stated that,
according to Laura Jennings-Mitchell, the executive director of ABC, respondent had “some issues
with attendance throughout the process of completing the evaluation; however, when he was
present, he was cooperative and open with his evaluators.”
¶ 16 Based on the totality of the interview with respondent, Marseilles opined that respondent
“does not feel remorse for his actions nor see the need to make things right.” Marseilles continued
that “[t]hroughout the entirety of *** [the] interview with [respondent], his responses appeared to
be dishonest and intended to make [Marseilles] believe that he is innocent of the allegations against
him. He was not forthcoming about the severity of his drug and alcohol usage and laid blame on
the school for why he has not been successful academically. In general, [respondent] fails to take
responsibility for his actions.” Ultimately, Marseilles concluded that respondent needed
counseling and services to assist him with getting caught up academically, to address his substance
abuse, to minimize his risk-taking behaviors, to identify pro-social peers, and to address sexually
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2023 IL App (4th) 220910-Uproblematic behavior as recommended by the Evaluation. Marseilles added that “[a] term of
probation is available to provide enforcement of the Court Order and referrals for supportive
services.”
¶ 17 A copy of the Evaluation, dated September 13, 2022, was attached to the Report. The
evaluators met with respondent for 11 sessions and rated his attendance as “[g]ood.” At the time
of the Evaluation, respondent was under house arrest and residing with Rountree (his mother).
According to the Evaluation, respondent presented as a “friendly teenager” who was “cooperative,
willing, and open with the evaluators.” The Evaluation stated that although respondent “was
willing to discuss his reason for referral early in the assessment process, it appeared that he was
guarded with what information he was sharing.” However, “[a]s the assessment progressed,
[respondent] became more comfortable answering questions that were specific to the allegations
and the behaviors he was engaged in.” The Evaluation added that respondent was “fully engaged
in conversations and completed assessment tools as asked.” The Evaluation also provided that
respondent “appeared to be fairly *** honest,” he would ask for clarification if he did not
understand a question, and he “appeared to think critically before he answered” questions.
¶ 18 Respondent reported that he had been diagnosed with ADHD, but he could not remember
when or by whom. Respondent also reported that he smokes marijuana more than once a day. He
indicated that he began smoking marijuana at age eight or nine. Respondent did not think he has a
drug problem, but acknowledged that his mother and brother are of the opposite belief. The
Evaluation noted that there were two sessions at which respondent may have been under the
influence of marijuana.
¶ 19 As part of the Evaluation, the evaluators interviewed Rountree. Rountree explained that
respondent had been expelled from school after a fight. Rountree stated that respondent had several
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2023 IL App (4th) 220910-Uclose friends that he has known “since diapers.” Rountree described these friends as “good kids”
who “all have jobs,” although she was concerned about one friend who is now incarcerated.
Rountree further stated that respondent is close with his siblings, two of whom reside in Minnesota
and one of whom is in prison. Rountree also noted that respondent had a sister who passed away.
Rountree opined that respondent was “in denial” about his sister’s death. She noted that respondent
never talks about his sister even though he privately cries about her passing.
¶ 20 Regarding respondent’s court involvement, Rountree stated that she talked to respondent
about “how ‘exposing girls’ is wrong and that he should not share the things he records.” Rountree
reported “feeling fine about [respondent] recording other girls because ‘they all record each other’
these days.” Rountree stated that she explained to respondent that when he shares the materials he
records, “it’s ‘child porn because they’re kids.’ ” Rountree stated that respondent understood that
he could not do that anymore. Nevertheless, he expressed his belief that “they ‘are all kids’ so it
shouldn’t be as big of a deal.” Rountree was concerned about respondent’s drug use. She stated
that respondent “smokes ‘weed all day, every day’ and that he was ‘probably high when he came
in’ for his session.” Rountree felt that respondent is not motivated for anything other than to get
high and that he is not open to getting treatment for his marijuana use.
¶ 21 During respondent’s clinical interview, he answered “true” to the statement “If I try and
have sex with somebody and they don’t try to stop me the whole time, it would not be called rape.”
Respondent also answered “true” to the statement “[t]he more afraid a person has become, the
more turned on I have become.” When asked about the inappropriate behaviors in which he
engaged, respondent indicated that he was “just playing around.” Respondent felt 50% responsible
for his behavior while “the other person is responsible for the other 50%” because she “knew what
was going on.” Respondent stated that he was “wrong for recording” on the first child pornography
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2023 IL App (4th) 220910-Ucharges and that he “didn’t know it would get [him] in trouble.” He later stated that the recording
“wasn’t the problem,” rather “the problem was when the videos got out.” Respondent admitted
that he had “things to work on,” but added that they “weren’t sexual.” He stated that he would
“like to work on ‘me in general’ and learning to slow down and think.”
¶ 22 Among the assessment tools administered as part of the Evaluation were the Behavior
Assessment System for Children, Third Edition (BASC-3), the Protective + Risk Observations for
Eliminating Sexual Offense Recidivism (PROFESOR), and the Multiphasic Sex Inventory (MSI).
The BASC-3 indicated that respondent had trouble with his sense of inadequacy and hyperactivity.
The PROFESOR indicated that respondent had “[r]espectful sexual interests in age-appropriate
partner,” was “[r]esponsive to reasonable guidance and support,” and “[f]eels close to and
supported by a parent/caregiver.” However, the PROFESOR also indicated that respondent had
“[p]oor awareness of [the] consequences of sexual offending,” a “[l]ack of emotional intimacy
and/or close friendship with prosocial peer,” a “[w]eak commitment to and/or engagement in
school and work,” and a “[w]eak commitment to and/or engagement in organized leisure activity.”
The PROFESOR placed respondent in “Category 3,” meaning that he would be best served by
moderate intensity intervention focused on developing healthy sexual relationships in the future.
The MSI suggested that respondent was “attempting to present an asexual image and f[ell] within
the ‘fake good’ range.” The MSI also suggested that respondent “justifies sexual deviance and is
not accepting responsibility for his actions and is not motivated for treatment.” Additionally, the
Evaluation reported that respondent gave conflicting answers about his interest in sex.
¶ 23 The Evaluation concluded that both respondent and Rountree minimized respondent’s
sexual behaviors and attempted to justify the behaviors on the basis of gender and age. For
instance, the Evaluation stated that Rountree “had a ‘boys will be boys’ attitude and continued to
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2023 IL App (4th) 220910-Ustate throughout the parent interview that ‘they were both kids.’ ” Rountree also stated that she
believes it is okay for children to record themselves during sex acts, but they should not share the
recordings. The Evaluation stated that because respondent described Rountree as “his greatest
support,” she needs to increase her understanding of healthy, age-appropriate behaviors so that she
may be involved in respondent’s treatment.
¶ 24 The Evaluation made 11 recommendations, including that respondent should (1) continue
to engage in counseling to reduce risk factors related to sexual offending and to process his past
traumatic experiences; (2) engage in psycho-education about sex and sexuality; (3) engage in
substance-abuse treatment; and (4) decrease his symptoms of ADHD. In addition, the Evaluation
suggested that respondent’s family be involved and included in his treatment. Respondent agreed
that there are topics that he would benefit from processing in counseling and indicated that he
planned to return to counseling after sentencing. Respondent also voiced a desire to return to
school.
¶ 25 D. Sentencing Hearing
¶ 26 The sentencing hearing was held on September 22, 2022. As noted earlier, the sentencing
hearing involved case No. 21-JD-73 as well as case Nos. 21-JD-63 (two theft counts) and 22-JD-
35 (child pornography). At the beginning of the hearing, the court noted that a copy of the Report,
a copy of the Evaluation, and an electronic monitoring report had been filed. The State then
presented two documents for the court’s consideration: (1) the Department’s Comprehensive
Youth Development and Reentry Planning Model and (2) the Department’s Quarterly Report for
July 2022. The State also called T.T., the victim in case 22-JD-35, to present a victim impact
statement. T.T. stated that she felt embarrassed and disrespected and she did not want to go out in
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2023 IL App (4th) 220910-Upublic after the video of her was shared on social media. Following T.T.’s statement, the State
rested.
¶ 27 Respondent’s attorney then called Rountree to testify. Rountree recounted that T.T. has
tried to contact respondent multiple times and threatened to shoot her house during an Instagram
Live broadcast. Rountree further testified that during the course of case No. 22-JD-35, the house
where she and respondent reside was shot at twice. Rountree also explained that respondent is
unable to attend school because of a no-contact order involving the parties in these cases. As a
result, respondent “goes to the library for an hour a day and works with a tutor.” Rountree related
that she is in counseling and opined that respondent would benefit from community support and
counseling. Rountree explained that respondent has experienced several episodes of trauma.
Rountree recalled, for instance, that she went to prison when respondent was 12 years of age. As
a result, respondent was placed with the Illinois Department of Children and Family Services and
moved around five or six times. Further, during this time, respondent’s sister was murdered.
Rountree believed that “probation would be a great first step with helping [respondent] to be the
young man that [she] know[s] he can be” and “reach[ing] his full potential.” Rountree added that
if respondent is sentenced to probation, other family members would help supervise him,
especially while she was at work.
¶ 28 On cross-examination, Rountree stated that respondent’s behavior “[a]bsolutely ***
concerns [her].” Moreover, while acknowledging that it is not “right” to record females engaging
in sexual activity, she stated that “[t]his is what kids [respondent’s] age are doing.” The State asked
Rountree if respondent were placed on probation, “what source of support would be there to ensure
that [respondent is] not using drugs or getting involved in these sorts of activities?” Rountree
responded that she would tell respondent not to do such things and also that he would be
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2023 IL App (4th) 220910-Uaccountable to a probation officer. Rountree added, “if he’s on probation and he violates, then he
knows the jail is an option.” Although the Bloomington Police Department indicated that
respondent is affiliated with a gang, Rountree denied the assertion. Rountree explained that she
“know[s] what it looks like to have gang affiliation, and [respondent] doesn’t throw up gang signs
*** he don’t color specific [sic].”
¶ 29 The State acknowledged that respondent does not have an extensive history of
adjudications. It noted, however, that the matter was before the court for sentencing on three
separate convictions. The State argued that removal from the home is in the best interest of
respondent and commitment to the Department is the least restrictive alternative “because the
minor and his mother do not take rehabilitation seriously.” In support of its position, the State
observed that respondent was “picked up” in case No. 22 JD 35 on another child pornography
charge after he was convicted of child pornography in case No. 21-JD-73. The State also cited the
fact that, when asked to make a statement for the Report, respondent “wrote ‘I do not want to make
a statement’ with three big exclamation points afterward.” Additionally, the State noted that during
her interview for the Evaluation, Rountree “reported feeling fine about [respondent] recording
other girls because they all record each other these days.” The State also referenced (1) the findings
in the Evaluation that respondent justifies sexual deviance, does not accept responsibility for his
actions, and is not motivated for treatment; (2) the Bloomington Police Department’s report that
respondent is associated with a gang; (3) respondent’s drug use; and (4) respondent’s lack of
progress in school.
¶ 30 Respondent’s attorney argued for a term of probation. In support of this recommendation,
respondent’s attorney asserted that none of respondent’s three cases involved violence and that
respondent’s only adjudication prior to those cases was for an ordinance violation in 2018.
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2023 IL App (4th) 220910-URespondent’s attorney also argued that the child pornography conviction involving respondent and
E.C. was “a little bit different than your average sex case[]” because the activity between
respondent and E.C. was “consensual,” it involved two minors, there was no allegation of
“inappropriate touching,” and it concerned the distribution of videos. Based on Rountree’s
testimony at the sentencing hearing, respondent’s attorney disputed the State’s claim that she was
not taking the situation seriously. He also argued there was no documentation to support the police
department’s claim that respondent is involved in a gang. Nor was there any suggestion that the
offenses at issue were gang related. Respondent’s attorney noted that before the court can commit
a juvenile to the Department, it must conclude that such placement “is the least restrictive
alternative based on evidence that efforts were made to locate less restrictive alternatives to secure
confinement and the reasons why efforts were unsuccessful in locating a less restrictive alternative
to secure confinement.” See 705 ILCS 405/5-750 (West 2020). Respondent’s attorney argued that
the State failed to present any information “about looking into less restrictive alternatives than [the
Department] or any reasons why efforts were unsuccessful to locate those.” Respondent’s attorney
further noted that the statute requires the court to review several other factors, including the
offender’s age, criminal background, educational background, physical, mental, and emotional
health, and community-based services. See 705 ILCS 405/5-750 (West 2020). Reviewing these
factors, counsel noted, inter alia, that respondent was only 14 at the time of the offenses, his
criminal background consisted of one ordinance violation, and there was no evidence whether
respondent was compliant with any community-based services because none were attempted.
Respondent’s attorney therefore argued that the statutory factors supported a sentence of probation
and asserted that the minimum term of 24 months’ probation mandated by the statute was
appropriate.
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2023 IL App (4th) 220910-U¶ 31 In pronouncing sentence, the trial court stated that it had considered the testimony and
information presented at the sentencing hearing as well as the Report, the Evaluation, the exhibits,
and the parties’ arguments. The court also stated that it had considered the statutory factors (see
705 ILCS 405/5-750(1) (West 2020)), including respondent’s age, the absence of a significant
prior criminal background, and educational background. With regard to the latter, the court stated
that it was “frustrat[ed]” that respondent was unable to attend either RAS or Bloomington High
School. The court also noted its concern that respondent “earned no [school] credits for one year
due to a lack of attendance.” The court stated that although respondent had not been on probation
before, his problems “taking part in something structured like school” “can be a reflection of
[whether] *** [he is] going to take part in something like probation” or counseling.
¶ 32 Additionally, the court observed that substance-abuse services would be available to
respondent both in the community and within the Department. The court questioned whether
respondent would participate in such services in a community-based setting. The court opined,
however, that respondent would be incentivized to engage in those services with the Department
because it could reduce the amount of time he spent there. The court also noted that respondent
had access to community-based sex-offender treatment, but said it had concerns about his
attendance given his school absences. With respect to respondent’s participation with the
Evaluation, the court noted that respondent participated when he attended, “but it’s still noted that
there were attendance issues.” The court stated that it was “positive” that respondent took part in
the Evaluation when he was present, but “concerning” that respondent was “deciding when [he]
think[s he] need[s] to show up and address the issues.” The court opined that respondent did not
understand that it is not his “call.” The court stated that its decision was based “a lot” on the fact
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2023 IL App (4th) 220910-Uthat it did not know how respondent would comply with the requirements of probation since he
had not been on probation before.
¶ 33 The court said that it was considering the fact that respondent was being sentenced on
multiple cases. The court indicated that if the cases were considered alone it would be easier to
conclude that respondent did not understand what he was doing or the consequences of his actions.
The court noted that it had explained to respondent why the initial child pornography offenses
(case No. 21 JD 73) were crimes and yet he still committed another child pornography offense
(case No. 22 JD 35). The court then stated:
“So, my concern is you didn’t get it after that first time, and then you did it again. If I give
you another chance, am I going—what are the chances that I’m going to have another
victim in front of me? And, you know, that’s guessing, but it is a factor that I’m
considering, the fact that I have two cases with two different victims and one that happened
after an adjudication on the first. And that is a significant factor for me.”
The court therefore found that respondent’s parents are unable for some reason other than financial
circumstances alone, to care for, protect, train, or discipline him. The court further found that
removal from the home was in the best interest of respondent, respondent’s family, and the public.
The court added, “I’m not going to find that reasonable efforts have been made to prevent or
eliminate the need for the minor to be removed from the home. Because I don’t have enough in
front of me on that, but I am going to find that reasonable efforts cannot at this time for good cause
prevent or eliminate the need for removal.” Furthermore, the court found that commitment to the
Department was the least restrictive alternative “based on the efforts, based on the evidence that
efforts were made to locate a less restrictive alternatives [sic] to secure confinement and that those
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2023 IL App (4th) 220910-Uefforts would be unsuccessful.” Accordingly, the trial court committed respondent to the
Department for an indeterminate period not to exceed his 21st birthday.
¶ 34 Immediately after the court’s pronouncement, respondent ran out of the courtroom. The
parties subsequently reviewed the written order of commitment with the court. In paragraph four
of the written order, the court wrote that commitment to the Department “is the least restrictive
alternative based on evidence that efforts were made to locate less restrictive alternatives to secure
confinement and those efforts were unsuccessful because: Minor has not shown [a] willingness to
engage [with] counseling or school. Minor has shown [a] lack of remorse [and] accountability or
[an understanding of] why he should engage in treatment/services. Minor has shown he is a risk to
members of community.” The court then continued the matter to the following day to admonish
respondent.
¶ 35 When the hearing continued the following day, the court noted that respondent “sprinted
out of the courtroom” the previous day. The court further noted that respondent was caught in the
hallway and that after he was caught, the people in the courtroom “could hear [respondent] yelling
references to hurting himself.” Thereafter, the court admonished respondent regarding his rights.
On October 12, 2022, respondent filed a notice of appeal, which he subsequently amended.
¶ 36 II. ANALYSIS
¶ 37 On appeal, respondent urges this court to remand his case for a new sentencing hearing
because the trial court failed to comply with the mandate of section 5-750(1) of the Act (705 ILCS
405/5-750(1) (West 2020)) before committing him to the Department for an indeterminate term.
Specifically, respondent contends that the court failed to comply with its duty under section 5-
750(1) of the Act (705 ILCS 405/5-750(1) (West 2020)) and determine whether commitment to
the Department “is the least restrictive alternative based on evidence that efforts were made to
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2023 IL App (4th) 220910-Ulocate less restrictive alternatives to secure confinement and the reasons why efforts were
unsuccessful in locating a less restrictive alternative to secure confinement.” Respondent
acknowledges that this issue was not raised in a motion to reconsider sentence, but asserts that
juveniles are not required to file a postadjudication motion to preserve an issue for appeal. See In
re Samantha V., 234 Ill. 2d 359, 368 (2009); In re W.C., 167 Ill. 2d 307, 327 (1995).
¶ 38 The State responds that respondent forfeited this claim by failing to raise the issue at trial
or in a posttrial motion. See In re Javaun I., 2014 IL App (4th) 130189, ¶ 38; In re Raheem M.,
2013 IL App (4th) 130585, ¶ 51. Forfeiture notwithstanding, the State argues that the trial court
satisfied the statutory requirements for commitment to the Department. In this regard, the State
asserts that the trial court was presented with ample evidence of respondent’s inability to comply
with a sentence that did not involve his commitment to the Department.
¶ 39 A. Forfeiture
¶ 40 Generally, a criminal defendant forfeits review of a claimed error if he or she does not
object at trial or fails to raise the issue in a posttrial motion. In re M.W., 232 Ill. 2d 408, 430 (2009).
“ ‘This principle encourages a defendant to raise issues before the trial court, thereby allowing the
court to correct its errors *** and consequently precluding a defendant from obtaining reversal
through inaction.’ ” M.W., 232 Ill. 2d at 430 (quoting People v. Piatkowski, 225 Ill. 2d 551, 564
(2007)). “This same forfeiture principle applies in proceedings under the Juvenile Court Act [of
1987], although no postadjudication motion is required in such cases.” M.W., 232 Ill. 2d at 430;
see also Samantha V., 234 Ill. 2d at 368 (noting that minors are not required to file a
postadjudication motion to preserve an error for review); W.C., 167 Ill. 2d at 327 (same).
¶ 41 At the outset, we note that respondent’s attorney did not object when the trial court
pronounced sentence. However, in People v. Saldivar, 113 Ill. 2d 256, 266 (1986), the supreme
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2023 IL App (4th) 220910-Ucourt held that to preserve a claim of error made by the trial court during sentencing, the defendant
is not required to interrupt the court and identify the error. In Saldivar, the defendant was found
guilty of voluntary manslaughter. At the sentencing hearing, the court commented that the
defendant’s conduct caused death and that a human life was taken. Further, the court found “ ‘the
terrible harm that was caused to the victim’ ” to be the primary statutory factor in aggravation.
Saldivar, 113 Ill. 2d at 264. The defendant did not object to the trial court’s comments during the
sentencing hearing. On appeal, the defendant argued that the trial court improperly considered an
element of the offense as an aggravating factor at sentencing. The State responded that the
defendant forfeited the issue by, inter alia, failing to make a contemporaneous objection or raise
the issue in a posttrial motion. In rejecting the State’s argument, the supreme court focused on an
argument defense counsel made at the sentencing hearing, in which he preemptively argued that
the victim’s death is inherent in the offense. Given this record, the supreme court found the matter
was not “a proper case for application of the waiver rule.” Saldivar, 113 Ill. 2d at 266. The supreme
court added, “[t]o preserve any error of the court made at that time, it was not necessary for counsel
to interrupt the judge and point out that he was considering wrong factors in aggravation, especially
in light of the argument that had preceded the ruling.” Saldivar, 113 Ill. 2d at 266; see also People
v. Mitchell, 152 Ill. 2d 274, 324 (1992) (holding that a defendant need not interrupt a trial court to
correct a trial court’s misapprehension after defense counsel has just argued the same to the court).
¶ 42 At the sentencing hearing in this case, respondent’s attorney directed the court to section
5-750(1) of the Act (705 ILCS 405/5-750(1) (West 2020)). He noted that before a court can commit
a juvenile to the Department, it must find, among other things, that placement there “is the least
restrictive alternative based on evidence that efforts were made to locate less restrictive alternatives
to secure confinement and the reasons why efforts were unsuccessful in locating a less restrictive
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2023 IL App (4th) 220910-Ualternative to secure confinement.” See 705 ILCS 405/5-750 (West 2020). Respondent’s attorney
then argued that the State had not presented any information “about looking into less restrictive
alternatives than [the Department] or any reasons why efforts were unsuccessful to locate those.”
Respondent’s attorney also argued that an application of the factors set forth in section 5-750 of
the Act supported a sentence of probation. These arguments adequately informed the trial court of
respondent’s position that secure confinement was inappropriate and that the record lacked
evidence of the efforts made to locate less restrictive alternatives to secure confinement and the
reasons why such efforts were unsuccessful. Quite simply, an objection during the pronouncement
of the sentence would accomplish nothing under the circumstances. Consequently, as in Saldivar,
we find that an objection at the sentencing hearing was not required to properly preserve this issue
for review.
¶ 43 Additionally, as noted earlier, our supreme court has stated that the Act does not require a
postadjudication motion to preserve an issue for review. M.W., 232 Ill. 2d at 430. The State
disputes this proposition, arguing that the cases respondent cites in support of it are distinguishable.
However, even if a written motion asking the court to reconsider the sentencing order was
necessary to preserve the issue, the trial court failed to properly admonish respondent in case No.
21-JD-73 regarding a motion to reconsider sentence. Illinois Supreme Court Rule 605(a)(3)(B)
provides:
“(3) At the time of imposing sentence or modifying the conditions of the sentence,
the trial court shall also advise the defendant as follows:
***
B. that prior to taking an appeal, if the defendant seeks to challenge the
correctness of the sentence, or any aspect of the sentencing hearing, the defendant
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2023 IL App (4th) 220910-Umust file in the trial court within 30 days of the date on which sentence is imposed
a written motion asking to have the trial court reconsider the sentence imposed, or
consider any challenges to the sentencing hearing, setting forth in the motion all
issues or claims of error regarding the sentence imposed or the sentencing
hearing[.]” Ill. S. Ct. R. 605(a)(3)(B) (eff. Oct. 1, 2001).
Rule 605(a)(3)(B) is applicable to proceedings involving delinquent minors by Illinois Supreme
Court Rule 660(a) (eff. Oct. 1, 2001). With respect to case No. 21-JD-73, the trial court
admonished respondent that he had the right to an appeal, but did not inform him that he needed
to file a motion to reconsider his sentence in order to challenge his sentence on appeal.
Respondent’s attorney even remarked that the court “didn’t admonish about the sentence appeal
rights,” but the court disagreed. Because the trial court did not provide respondent with the
admonishments required under Rule 605(a)(3)(B), respondent’s failure to file a postsentencing
motion, to the extent one is required, does not bar consideration of the issue now raised on appeal.
We therefore turn to the merits. See People v. Henderson, 217 Ill. 2d 449, 468 (2005) (holding that
when a defendant receives insufficient Rule 605(a) admonishments about the role of a
postsentencing motion in preserving sentencing error, the reviewing court may take “whatever
action it deem[s] appropriate, including hearing the challenges itself or remanding them to the trial
court”).
¶ 44 B. Merits
¶ 45 Respondent contends that the court failed to comply with its duty under section 5-750(1)
of the Act (705 ILCS 405/5-750(1) (West 2020)). That statute provides in relevant part as follows:
“[W[hen any delinquent has been adjudged a ward of the court under this Act, the court
may commit him or her to the Department ***, if it finds that (a) his or her parents, guardian
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2023 IL App (4th) 220910-Uor legal custodian are unfit or are unable, for some reason other than financial
circumstances alone, to care for, protect, train or discipline the minor, or are unwilling to
do so, and the best interests of the minor and the public will not be served by placement
under Section 5-740 [of the Act (705 ILCS 405/5-740 (West 2020))], or it is necessary to
ensure the protection of the public from the consequences of criminal activity of the
delinquent; and (b) commitment to the Department of Juvenile Justice is the least restrictive
alternative based on evidence that efforts were made to locate less restrictive alternatives
to secure confinement and the reasons why efforts were unsuccessful in locating a less
restrictive alternative to secure confinement.” (Emphasis added.) 705 ILCS 405/5-750(1)
(West 2020).
Furthermore, the Act provides that before a court commits a minor to the Department, it shall make
a finding that secure confinement is necessary, following a review of the following individualized
factors: (1) the age of the minor: (2) the minor’s criminal background; (3) the results of any
assessments of the minor; (4) the educational background of the minor; (5) the physical, mental,
and emotional health of the minor; (6) community-based services that have been provided to the
minor, whether the minor was compliant with the services, and the reason the services were
unsuccessful; and (7) services with the Department that will meet the individualized needs of the
minor. 750 ILCS 405/5-750(1) (West 2020).
¶ 46 As the foregoing illustrates, the statute ensures that the trial court treats commitment to the
Department as a last resort. Raheem M., 2013 IL App (4th) 130585, ¶ 53. To determine whether
the trial court complied with the statute, we may look to the record for evidence concerning the
statutorily required factors. See In re Justin F., 2016 IL App (1st) 153257, ¶ 30. Nevertheless, a
trial court “need not enumerate all possible alternatives when making a disposition [citation] and
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2023 IL App (4th) 220910-Uthe remarks of the trial court can illustrate a consideration of alternatives.” In re J.C., 163 Ill. App.
3d 877, 888 (1987).
¶ 47 Typically, we review a trial court’s sentencing disposition for an abuse of discretion. In re
Griffin, 92 Ill. 2d 48, 54 (1982); In re M.Z., 296 Ill. App. 3d 669, 674 (1998). An abuse of discretion
occurs where the trial court’s decision is arbitrary, fanciful, or unreasonable, or where no
reasonable person would agree with the position adopted by the trial court. People v. Becker, 239
Ill. 2d 215, 234 (2010). However, to the extent the issues presented concern whether the trial court
complied with the statutory requirements, we are presented with a legal question to which we apply
de novo review. In re Ashley C., 2014 IL App (4th) 131014, ¶ 22. With the foregoing principles in
mind, we turn to respondent’s assignment of error.
¶ 48 As noted above, respondent argues that this case should be remanded for a new sentencing
hearing because the trial court failed to comply with its duty under section 5-750(1) of the Act
(705 ILCS 405/5-750(1) (West 2020)) and determine whether commitment to the Department is
the least restrictive alternative based on evidence that efforts were made to locate less restrictive
alternatives to secure confinement and the reasons why efforts were unsuccessful. Respondent
observes that the trial court committed him to the Department despite its acknowledgment that
there was no way to know if he would be successful on probation because he had never been
previously sentenced to such a disposition. Moreover, respondent argues that the record establishes
that he demonstrated a willingness to engage in the type of community-based services that are
typically offered as a condition of probation. In this regard, respondent observes that he cooperated
in the sex-offender-evaluation process and complied with the conditions of electronic monitoring.
Respondent reasons that, given the lack of evidence that probation would not be successful and
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2023 IL App (4th) 220910-Uthat he would not comply with the conditions of probation, the trial court erred in committing him
to the Department for an indeterminate term.
¶ 49 The State urges this court to reject respondent’s claim of error. According to the State, the
trial court was presented with ample evidence upon which to conclude that secure confinement
was the least restrictive sentencing alternative for respondent. In support of its position, the State
reiterates its contention that neither respondent nor his mother have taken the cases seriously. The
State also cites respondent’s problems with school, his attendance record for the sex offender
evaluation, his lack of remorse, his unwillingness to engage in counseling and attend school, the
risk to the community, and the fact that respondent committed an additional offense of child
pornography (case No. 22-JD-35) while awaiting sentencing on the initial child pornography
offenses (case No. 21-JD-73).
¶ 50 In pronouncing sentence, the trial court acknowledged that it did not know how respondent
would comply with the requirements of probation since he had not been on probation before.
Nevertheless, the court found that commitment to the Department was the least restrictive
alternative “based on the evidence that efforts were made to locate a less restrictive alternatives
[sic] to secure confinement and that those efforts would be unsuccessful.” In its written sentencing
order, the trial court elaborated that efforts to locate less restrictive alternatives to secure
confinement were unsuccessful because (1) respondent “has not shown [a] willingness to engage
[with] counseling or school”; (2) respondent “has shown [a] lack of remorse [and] accountability
or [an understanding of] why he should engage in treatment/services”; and (3) respondent “has
shown he is a risk to members of [the] community.” After reviewing the record in this case, we
find that while there was some evidence of the efforts made to locate a less restrictive alternative
to secure confinement, there was no evidence to establish why such efforts were unsuccessful.
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2023 IL App (4th) 220910-U¶ 51 Regarding the identification of less restrictive alternatives to confinement, the trial court
acknowledged that community-based services and probation are available to respondent. This
finding is supported by the Report and the Evaluation. In the Report, Marseilles concluded that
respondent needed counseling and services to assist him with getting caught up academically, to
address his substance abuse, to minimize his risk-taking behaviors, to identify pro-social peers,
and to address sexually problematic behavior. Marseilles added that “[a] term of probation is
available to provide enforcement of the Court Order and referrals for supportive services.”
Similarly, the Evaluation recommended that respondent continue to engage in counseling as well
as substance-abuse treatment and psycho-education about sex and sexuality. The Evaluation
further recommended that respondent’s family be involved and included in his treatment. The
Evaluation also suggests (but does not expressly indicate) that ABC (the facility that conducted
the sex-offender evaluation) offers some services that would meet respondent’s needs. However,
neither the Report nor the Evaluation indicates why these less restrictive services would be
unsuccessful. Indeed, as the trial court recognized, respondent had never been sentenced to
probation, so there was no way to know if he would comply with the requirements of probation.
¶ 52 Moreover, the reasons cited by the trial court that efforts to locate less restrictive
alternatives to secure confinement were unsuccessful are not supported by the record. Noting
respondent’s poor attendance record at school and “attendance issues” with the sex offender
evaluation, the court found that respondent had not shown a willingness to engage with counseling
or school. To be sure, the Report stated that respondent had “some issues with attendance
throughout the process of completing the [sex-offender] evaluation.” However, an examination of
the Evaluation itself does not bear this out. The Evaluation notes that respondent attended 11
sessions. Respondent’s attendance was rated as “[g]ood.” The Evaluation describes respondent as
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2023 IL App (4th) 220910-Ua “friendly teenager” who was “cooperative, willing, and open with the evaluators.” The
Evaluation notes that respondent was “fully engaged in conversations,” he “completed assessment
tools when asked,” he “appeared to be fairly *** honest,” he would ask for clarification if he did
not understand a question, and he “appeared to think critically before he answered” questions.
While the Evaluation reports that respondent was “guarded with what information he was sharing”
during early sessions, we do not think this unusual given respondent’s age and the nature of the
assessment. More significantly, the Evaluation notes that as the assessment progressed, respondent
“became more comfortable answering questions that were specific to the allegations and the
behaviors engaged in.” Furthermore, respondent indicated that he planned to return to counseling
after sentencing because there are topics he would benefit from processing in therapy. And while
respondent was expelled from school for fighting and had attendance issues at RAS, Bloomington
High School placed respondent on “homebound tutoring.” Rountree’s testimony, which was
uncontradicted, was that respondent was indeed working with a tutor. We also point out that,
during the Evaluation, respondent voiced a desire to return to school.
¶ 53 The trial court also found that efforts to locate less restrictive alternatives to secure
confinement were unsuccessful because respondent had shown a “lack of remorse [and]
accountability or [an understanding of] why he should engage in treatment/services.” According
to the Evaluation, however, this is not unusual as juveniles “often deny and/or minimize the full
extent of their problematic behavior during the initial stages of counseling.” Indeed, as noted in
the preceding paragraph, although respondent was “guarded” during the initial sessions of
counseling, he became more comfortable with the process as the counseling progressed and he
indicated a desire to attend counseling in the future.
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2023 IL App (4th) 220910-U¶ 54 The trial court also found that efforts to locate less restrictive alternatives to secure
confinement were unsuccessful because respondent “has shown he is a risk to members of [the]
community.” Although not entirely clear from the record, the basis for this finding appears to be
the fact that respondent was charged with another child pornography offense (case No. 22-JD-35)
after the adjudication of the initial child pornography offenses (case No. 21-JD-73). In this regard,
the court expressed concern that giving respondent “another chance” could potentially result in
“another victim [appearing] in front of [it].” However, as the trial court acknowledged, this is pure
speculation. Moreover, while it is true that respondent committed another child pornography
offense shortly after his adjudication on the initial pornography charges, we observe that
respondent had not been sentenced in case No. 21-JD-73 at the time he committed the offense in
case No. 22-JD-35. Thus, respondent was never given an opportunity to demonstrate that he could
comply with community-based services or probation.
¶ 55 In its brief, the State continues to insist that neither respondent nor Rountree (his mother)
“take rehabilitation seriously.” As noted above, however, respondent regularly attended sessions
for the sex-offender assessment, where he actively and openly participated. For her part, Rountree
testified at the sentencing hearing that she had enrolled in counseling. This is evidence that both
respondent and Rountree are, in fact, taking rehabilitation seriously.
¶ 56 The State also argues for affirmance based on In re Ashley C., 2014 IL App (4th) 131014.
In that case, the minor was adjudicated delinquent after pleading guilty in September 2013 to one
count of residential burglary, two counts of burglary, one count of unlawful possession of a stolen
or converted vehicle, and two counts of theft under $500. In addition, the minor’s admission to the
foregoing offenses served as the basis to revoke the minor’s probation in three cases from 2011
and 2012 involving retail theft, unlawful consumption of alcohol, criminal trespass to a motor
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2023 IL App (4th) 220910-Uvehicle, and burglary. The trial court committed the minor to the Department for an indeterminate
term not to exceed her 21st birthday. On appeal, the minor argued that the trial court abused its
discretion in committing her to the Department. This court rejected the minor’s position. Ashley
C., 2014 IL App (4th) 131014, ¶ 30. We noted that the minor was on her fourth juvenile
adjudication, the trial court had worked over the years to keep the minor in the community, and
the trial court was familiar with the minor and the services both available and offered to her. Ashley
C., 2014 IL App (4th) 131014, ¶ 27. During this time, the trial court placed the minor on probation
for five misdemeanors in two separate cases in 2011 and for felony burglary in 2012. Ashley C.,
2014 IL App (4th) 131014, ¶ 27. While on probation, the minor was evaluated four times for
substance-abuse treatment, but left in-patient treatment against staff advice, missed appointments
for her evaluations, and failed to complete evaluations because she was detained as a result of her
criminal conduct. Ashley C., 2014 IL App (4th) 131014, ¶ 27. In addition, respondent committed
four new felonies while on probation. Ashley C., 2014 IL App (4th) 131014, ¶ 27. The trial court
was also familiar with the mental-health services in which the minor participated and the fact that,
while on detention awaiting sentencing, respondent refused to leave her cell to attend school.
Ashley C., 2014 IL App (4th) 131014, ¶¶ 27-28. This court observed that “[a]fter making every
effort to keep respondent in the community for over two years, the [trial] court recognized all local
resources had been exhausted and the protection of the public necessitated [the minor’s]
incarceration.” Ashley C., 2014 IL App (4th) 131014, ¶ 28.
¶ 57 This case is clearly distinguishable from Ashley C. In this case, respondent, unlike the
minor in Ashley C., did not have a significant criminal history. Prior to the three cases involved at
his sentencing hearing, respondent’s only court disposition was for an ordinance violation in 2018.
Moreover, unlike the minor in Ashley C., respondent had not been previously ordered to participate
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2023 IL App (4th) 220910-Uin community-based services or probation. Finally, we note that, when ordered to do so, respondent
did cooperate in the preparation of the Report and the Evaluation. And, as noted above, his
attendance at the sex offender evaluation was rated as good, and he openly and willingly
participated in the process. Ashley C. therefore does not mandate a different result.
¶ 58 In short, we conclude that the trial court erred in committing respondent to the Department
for an indeterminate term, not to exceed his 21st birthday. Significantly, respondent had never
been on probation before, so there was nothing in his prior record to conclude that a less restrictive
alternative to secure confinement would have been unsuccessful. Further, neither the Report, the
Evaluation, nor the evidence presented at the sentencing hearing sets forth why less restrictive
alternatives would have been unsuccessful.
¶ 59 III. CONCLUSION
¶ 60 For the reasons stated, we vacate the order of the circuit court of McLean County
committing respondent to the Department and remand the cause for a new sentencing hearing.
¶ 61 Vacated in part; cause remanded with directions.
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