People v. McBride

2020 IL App (2d) 170873No. 2-17-0873
Opinion filed July 23, 2020
IN THE
APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS
SECOND DISTRICT
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE ) Appeal from the Circuit Court
OF ILLINOIS, ) of Kane County.
)
Plaintiff-Appellee, )
)
v. ) No. 14-CF-1668
)
ROBERT McBRIDE, ) Honorable
) Linda S. Abrahamson,
Defendant-Appellant. ) Judge, Presiding.
JUSTICE BRIDGES delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion.
Justices McLaren and Hutchinson concurred in the judgment and opinion.
OPINION
¶ 1 Following separate jury trials, defendant Robert McBride was convicted of three weapons
offenses and three drug offenses. On direct appeal, defendant contends that the trial court in the
weapons trial committed constitutional error by admitting irrelevant evidence that he possessed a
large amount of cash when he was arrested. Although we agree with defendant that the trial court
erred in admitting the evidence, defendant does not articulate a theory of a constitutional violation.
We conclude that the error was (1) evidentiary, and not constitutional, and (2) harmless because
no reasonable probability existed that the jury would have acquitted defendant absent the error.
2020 IL App (2d) 170873¶ 2 Defendant also argues that the trial court in the drug trial improperly imposed an extended-
term sentence for the least serious drug offense. The State confesses error on defendant’s
sentencing claim.
¶ 3 We thus affirm defendant’s convictions of the weapons charges. We also accept the
State’s confession of error and reduce the sentence for the least serious drug offense to the
maximum nonextended term for that offense.
¶4 I. BACKGROUND
¶ 5 A grand jury indicted defendant on five counts of unlawful possession of a weapon by a
felon (720 ILCS 5/24-1.1(a) (West 2014)) and five drug offenses. Each weapon count related to
a different firearm that he allegedly possessed “in his own abode.” Count IV charged defendant
with possession of a Glock 9-millimeter handgun, count V charged defendant with possession of
a “High Point” [sic] 9-millimeter handgun, count VI charged defendant with possession of a
Beretta handgun, count VII charged defendant with possession of a Mossberg shotgun, and count
VIII charged defendant with possession of a Taurus handgun.
¶ 6 The five drug counts were count I, unlawful possession (within 1000 feet of a church) with
intent to deliver 1 gram or more but less than 15 grams of a substance containing cocaine (720
ILCS 570/40l(c)(2), 407(b)(1) (West 2014)); count II, possession with intent to deliver 1 gram or
more but less than 15 grams of a substance containing cocaine (720 ILCS 570/40l(c)(2) (2014));
count III, unlawful possession of 15 grams or more but less than 100 grams of a substance
containing heroin (720 ILCS 570/402(a)(2)(A) (West 2014)) (later amended to less than 15 grams);
count IX, unlawful possession of less than 15 grams of a substance containing cocaine (720 ILCS
570/402(c) (West 2014)); and count X, unlawful possession (within 1000 feet of an assisted living
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2020 IL App (2d) 170873center for senior citizens) with intent to deliver 1 gram or more but less than 15 grams of a
substance containing cocaine (720 ILCS 570/40l(c)(2), 407(b)(1) (West 2014)).
¶ 7 On defendant’s motion, the court severed the drug charges from the weapons charges, and
the State elected to try the weapons charges first. Defendant moved in limine to bar the State
from introducing evidence that the police officers, while executing the search warrant that led to
defendant’s arrest, had found more than $2000 in cash in a bedroom that the State contended was
defendant’s. Specifically, defendant sought to exclude evidence of (1) $184 found in a blue bank
pouch found in the sleeve of a men’s sweater in the bedroom, (2) $1907 found in “ ‘various’
pockets” of a pair of men’s blue jeans in the bedroom, and (3) $14 found on the floor near a bed.
Defendant argued that the presence of the cash was not relevant to the State’s proof that he
possessed the weapons. The court denied defendant’s motion.
¶ 8 At trial, the State’s evidence showed that defendant was arrested when, on September 17,
2014, at about 2:45 p.m., a group of approximately 15 Aurora police officers executed a warrant
permitting the search of a house on La Salle Street in Aurora. Nine Aurora police officers who
executed the warrant and a fingerprint examiner testified for the State.
¶ 9 Officer Ron McNeff of the Aurora Police Department testified that he took his assigned
position to the rear of the house. He heard a window open and saw defendant appear at a second-
floor window at the southeast corner of the house. Defendant threw two guns across a fence and
into the yard of the house to the south. Two handguns, a Glock and a Hi-Point, both heavily
scratched, were found on a patio in that yard. Defendant’s fingerprint was found on the slide of
the Glock.
¶ 10 The officers searching the house entered the northeast bedroom on the second floor. On
the bed they found a .22-caliber Taurus handgun, and in the closet, they found a Mossberg 12-
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2020 IL App (2d) 170873gauge shotgun and a Beretta handgun. The Mossberg, covered by a soft case, was leaning against
the wall in a recess in the closet; the Beretta was holstered and hanging from a peg. In the closet,
they also found a safe that contained “.22 Long Rifle Hollow Point, and 9 mm Luger” ammunition.
Four people were in the house when the officers entered: defendant, two young children, and
defendant’s girlfriend, Gabriella Chairez.
¶ 11 The State contended that defendant and Chairez occupied the northeast bedroom. It
supported that contention with objects and photographs of objects found in that bedroom:
In the closet, a purse containing Chairez’s driver’s license that showed her address
as North Chicago.
A “bill” or packing slip from Canon addressed to “Robert McBride” at the La Salle
Street address. Defendant identified the slip as relating to black ink cartridges and photo
paper that he ordered for Chairez. The officers found this on top of a plastic box with
drawers.
A plastic drawer containing an electric shaver and what an officer described as a
prescription bottle with the name “McBride” on it. A photograph of the drawer shows,
among other things, four prescription bottles, two of which bore the name “McBride.”
A spiral-bound notebook with defendant’s name on the front cover. A photograph
of one page contained writing in two hands, one neat and one scrawling. Defendant
identified the neat handwriting as Chairez’s and the scrawling handwriting as his.
The upper part of the page contained what appeared to be receipts for a
planned performance that were written in the neat handwriting.
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2020 IL App (2d) 170873A Yahoo e-mail address for “McBrideRobert” and what defendant
identified as the account’s password are written in the scrawling handwriting on the
lower part of the page.
¶ 12 Over defendant’s renewed objection, the trial court admitted the State’s photographs
showing the cash they found in the bedroom. A photograph depicted the zippered bank pouch
containing what appeared to be the edges of many United States bank notes. An officer testified
that the pouch came from the sleeve of a men’s dark-colored jacket in the bedroom closet. Two
other photographs depicted more than $1000 in cash. One photograph showed the bills in what
appears to be the right front pocket of a pair of men’s jeans, which defendant later admitted were
his. (Defendant was wearing basketball shorts or boxers when he was arrested.) Another
photograph shows bills from that pocket fanned out in a gloved hand. Sixteen bills are visible,
13 of which are clearly $100 bills. The jeans also held a wallet containing cash and an Illinois
driver’s license in defendant’s name with his address given as a Batavia residence.
¶ 13 Investigator Dave Tellner interviewed defendant at the house. Tellner testified that
defendant admitted that he was the person the police saw throwing guns out the window.
Defendant explained that he was lying in bed when he heard the police coming in the door. He
was afraid, so he threw the guns out the window. He told Tellner that there was a “.22” in the
northeast bedroom; defendant told Tellner it could be found on “his bed in his bedroom.”
Defendant also said that they might find a shotgun in the closet of “Cassey’s” bedroom.
(“Cassey” was Cassey Deuchler, another resident of the house.) The .22-caliber handgun was
his, but he was holding the other guns as a favor for a person he knew as “Ro-Ro.” Tellner
questioned defendant again at the Aurora Police Department. Defendant did not deny his previous
admission but refused to make a written statement.
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2020 IL App (2d) 170873¶ 14 Defendant testified that he worked as a talent promoter: he arranged shows for musicians
and comedians. Chairez was the mother of his five-year-old son, R.M., and his four-year-old
daughter, A.M. Chairez lived in the house with Deuchler, Deuchler’s boyfriend, defendant’s two
children, Chairez’s three other children, Chairez’s two brothers, and a girlfriend of one of those
brothers. Chairez shared the northeast bedroom with her brother Ricky but would sleep with her
daughters if Ricky brought a girlfriend home. Deuchler and her boyfriend shared the southeast
bedroom (the one from which the guns had been thrown). Chairez’s young daughters, R.H. and
A.M., slept in the northwest bedroom. Another of Chairez’s brothers and his girlfriend had the
southwest bedroom. Her three boys shared the attic bedroom.
¶ 15 Defendant denied living at the house. He claimed that, in September 2014, he was paying
rent to live with his aunt and her four children in an Aurora apartment. The Aurora apartment
address was on file for his government food assistance. He did not keep belongings in the house
on La Salle Street. He purchased an ink cartridge from Canon for the printer that Chairez kept in
her bedroom. The spiral-bound notebook belonged to Chairez; defendant had given her his e-
mail address and password so she could check his e-mail. He believed that the prescription bottle
belonged to his son.
¶ 16 Defendant testified that, when he arrived at the house on the day of the arrest, he took off
his shirt and jeans; the jeans with the cash in the pocket were his. However, some of the men’s
clothing that the police had photographed belonged to Ricky and another of Chairez’s brothers.
Defendant denied ownership of the bank pouch, the cash, and the car key found on the floor. The
key was for Ricky’s Honda, which was parked behind the house on the day of the arrest.
¶ 17 Defendant arrived at the house at about 1:45 p.m. to pick up Chairez so they could work
on an event he was promoting. He was planning to pay for radio promotion and a deposit for a
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2020 IL App (2d) 170873venue. The two girls planned to go along, but they were not ready, and defendant was in the
girls’ bedroom helping his daughter dress when he heard the police coming up the stairs.
¶ 18 Defendant denied admitting to Tellner that he threw the guns out the window, denied that
Tellner asked him about other guns in the house, and denied telling Tellner that the gun on the bed
was his. He denied that any of the guns in the house were his or that he was holding guns for
“Ro-Ro.” The only gun he saw that day was a black gun in a plastic container next to Chairez’s
bed; he had not thrown any guns out a window. Defendant agreed that he, Chairez, and the two
girls were the only people in the house when the police executed the warrant.
¶ 19 Officer Michael Corrigan of the Aurora Police Department testified in rebuttal. Corrigan
had heard Tellner questioning defendant about the guns thrown out the window and defendant
admitting that he had done it. He also heard defendant say that “there was a .22 Caliber handgun
located above his bed in his bedroom, and that there was also a shotgun located in a closet, which
he identified as Cassey’s closet.” He also heard defendant say that the .22 “was the only pistol
that belonged to him” and that he was holding the others for Ro-Ro.
¶ 20 The trial court admitted proof of defendant’s prior conviction of unlawful possession of a
controlled substance. The court gave the jury the following instruction concerning the use of
prior convictions as evidence:
“Ordinarily, evidence of a defendant’s previous conviction of an offense may be
considered by you only as it may affect his believability as a witness and must not be
considered by you as evidence of his guilt of the offense with which he is charged.
However, in this case, because the State must prove beyond a reasonable doubt the
proposition that the defendant has been previously convicted of a felony offense, you may
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2020 IL App (2d) 170873consider evidence of a defendant’s prior conviction of a felony offense for the purpose of
determining whether the State has proved that proposition.”
¶ 21 The court instructed the jury on both actual and constructive possession. During its
deliberations, the jury sent a note to the court explaining that, although the members of the jury
“agreed on three of the five counts,” they could not agree about the remaining two counts. They
requested a “legal definition of intention” and clarification of whether “knowing about an item [is]
proof of intention and the power to exercise control over a thing.” The court instructed the jury
that it had received the relevant instructions and should continue to deliberate.
¶ 22 The jury found defendant guilty of possessing three of the handguns: the Glock, the Hi-
Point, and the Taurus. It found him not guilty of the two weapons counts related to the Mossberg
shotgun and the Beretta handgun.
¶ 23 Defendant filed a posttrial motion arguing, among other things, that the trial court erred
when it allowed the State to introduce evidence of the cash found in the northeast bedroom. The
court denied the motion.
¶ 24 Defendant was tried on the drug counts, the jury found him guilty of three of them, and the
court sentenced defendant on all convictions. It imposed concurrent six-year prison terms for the
three Class 2 felony convictions of unlawful possession of a weapon by a felon, concurrent nine-
year terms for the two Class 1 felony convictions of unlawful possession of cocaine with intent to
deliver, and an extended term of four years for the Class 4 felony conviction of unlawful possession
of heroin. The court imposed the extended term based on defendant’s 2008 conviction of
unlawful possession of a controlled substance, a Class 4 felony. Defendant did not move for a
reduction of his sentences, and he filed a timely notice of appeal.
¶ 25 II. ANALYSIS
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2020 IL App (2d) 170873¶ 26 A. Admission of the Evidence of Cash
¶ 27 On appeal, defendant contends that the trial court erred in allowing the State to introduce
evidence of the cash found in the blue jeans and in the bank pouch in the jacket sleeve. He asserts
that the evidence was not relevant to whether he possessed the guns and that the evidence of the
cash, “along with the presentation of [his] prior felony [drug] conviction, could only serve to try
[to] persuade the jury that [he] was a drug dealer who illegally possessed firearms.” He further
contends that he is entitled to a new trial because the State cannot prove that the improperly
admitted evidence was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt.
¶ 28 The State responds that the evidence of the cash was admissible because it was relevant to
show that the house searched was defendant’s residence and that the northeast bedroom was his.
Alternatively, the State asserts that any error was mere evidentiary error, not constitutional error,
and that the admission of the evidence was harmless under the standard for evidentiary error: that
no reasonable probability existed that the jury would have acquitted defendant absent the error.
¶ 29 We conclude that the evidence was not relevant and should have been excluded. However,
defendant has not persuaded us that the constitutional harmless error standard applies here.
Applying the evidentiary harmless error standard, we conclude that the error was harmless.
¶ 30 Evidence is relevant if it has “any tendency to make the existence of any fact that is of
consequence to the determination of the action more probable or less probable than it would be
without the evidence.” Ill. R. Evid. 401 (eff. Jan. 1, 2011); see also People v. Illgen, 145 Ill. 2d
353, 365-66 (1991). “All evidence must be relevant to be admissible.” People v. Dismuke,
2017 IL App (2d) 141203, ¶ 63. “[E]vidence is inadmissible if it has little probative value due to
its remoteness, uncertainty or the possibility that it will be unfairly prejudicial.” People v. Orange,
168 Ill. 2d 138, 161 (1995). “[T]he prosecution has no entitlement or right to present evidence
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2020 IL App (2d) 170873that is unfairly prejudicial when equally probative, nonprejudicial evidence is available and will
serve the same purpose.” People v. Walker, 211 Ill. 2d 317, 339 (2004). Whether evidence
meets the relevancy requirement for admissibility is a matter for the trial court’s discretion. E.g.,
Dismuke, 2017 IL App (2d) 141203, ¶ 63.
¶ 31 We agree with defendant that the evidence of the cash was not relevant to the issue of
possession of the weapons. The State argued that the evidence of the cash tended to show
defendant’s occupancy of the northeast bedroom. The presence of defendant’s driver’s license
tended to show that defendant owned the jeans where some of the cash was found, and his removal
of those jeans in the northeast bedroom indicates that he occupied the bedroom to a degree, even
if the house was not his only residence. However, the presence of the cash was not probative of
his control over the bedroom or of any of the weapons.
¶ 32 Moreover, the evidence of the cash was unfairly prejudicial. Carrying large amounts of
cash can be associated with criminal enterprises. Viewed in the context of defendant’s prior
felony drug conviction, the admission of evidence of the cash tended to portray defendant as a
drug dealer. That portrayal tended to undo the protection from severing the weapons counts from
the drug counts. The court abused its discretion in admitting the evidence of the cash because its
probative value was outweighed by its prejudicial effect.
¶ 33 Although we agree with defendant that the admission of the evidence of the cash was error,
we agree with the State that the error was harmless and does not require a new trial. Where, as
here, the error is not structural and harmless-error analysis is proper, the State must persuade the
reviewing court that the error was not prejudicial: the State must prove under the applicable
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2020 IL App (2d) 170873standard that the jury verdict would have been the same absent the error.1 See People v. Herron,
215 Ill. 2d 167, 181-82 (2005).
¶ 34 The parties agree that the error is subject to a harmless-error analysis but disagree over
which harmless-error standard applies. Defendant advocates the constitutional-harmless-error
standard, contending that the State must show that the error was harmless beyond a reasonable
doubt. The State advocates the evidentiary-harmless-error standard, arguing that it needs to show
that there is no reasonable probability that the jury would have acquitted the defendant absent the
error. See In re E.H., 224 Ill. 2d 172, 180 (2006) (setting out both standards).
¶ 35 Here, defendant hints at a claim of a due-process violation,2 but we decline to manufacture
a constitutional argument on his behalf. We do not address the error under the constitutional-
harmless-error standard.
¶ 36 Defendant contends that the error here was akin to the improper admission of other-crimes
evidence, thus requiring the use of the constitutional-harmless-error standard. This argument is
unpersuasive on its own terms. The admission of evidence of defendant’s cash was akin to
improper other-crimes evidence in only one respect: it prejudiced defendant by casting him in a
bad light. The evidence improperly tended to portray defendant as a drug dealer, but a person
may possess large amounts of cash for legitimate reasons. Indeed, defendant presented evidence
1 The fact that defendant was found not guilty on two of the weapons charges, clearly
evinces that the admission of the cash did not in fact prejudice the jury, as they did consider the
issue of actual versus constructive possession.
2 We do not decide whether a due-process violation requires application of the
constitutional-harmless-error standard. We merely conclude that defendant has failed to even
argue that such a violation occurred.
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2020 IL App (2d) 170873of an innocent explanation: his business as a promoter required him to make cash payments. Such
an innocent explanation is ordinarily not available to a defendant confronted with other-crimes
evidence.
¶ 37 Defendant cites People v. Rosado, 2017 IL App (1st) 143741, ¶ 40, for the proposition that
the evidence of cash was other-crimes evidence amounting to constitutional error. However, in
Rosado, the difference between the evidentiary- and constitutional-harmless-error standards was
not at issue: the State argued that any evidentiary errors were “harmless beyond a reasonable
doubt.” Rosado, 2017 IL App (1st) 143741, ¶ 39. In a case where the difference between the
standards is not dispositive, a court may address harmlessness of an evidentiary error as if under
the constitutional-harmless-error standard. E.H., 224 Ill. 2d at 180-81. In Rosado, the State
simply acceded to the stricter standard. Nevertheless, as E.H. makes clear, the evidentiary-
harmless-error standard applies in cases such as this one where the defendant does not raise a claim
of constitutional error.
¶ 38 Applying the harmless-error standard for evidentiary errors, we conclude that the
admission of the evidence of the cash was harmless. We address the two counts relating to the
guns thrown out the window—the Glock and a Hi-Point—separately from the one relating to the
gun found on the bed—the Taurus.
¶ 39 To support a conviction of possession of contraband, the State must prove (1) possession
of the contraband and (2) knowledge of the contraband’s presence. People v. Givens, 237 Ill. 2d
311, 334-35 (2010) (stating the rule for a controlled substance). When the State’s theory is that
the defendant was in actual possession of contraband, it must show that the contraband was “in the
immediate and exclusive control of defendant.” People v. Frieberg, 147 Ill. 2d 326, 360 (1992).
“The rule that possession must be exclusive does not mean, however, that the possession may not
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2020 IL App (2d) 170873be joint.” Givens, 237 Ill. 2d at 335. Further, possession need not be actual. A defendant has
constructive possession of contraband when he or she lacks “actual personal present dominion”
over the contraband but nevertheless has “an intent and capability to maintain control and
dominion.” Frieberg, 147 Ill. 2d at 361. Actual personal present dominion is shown by acts
such as hiding or trying to dispose of the contraband. E.g., People v. Carodine, 374 Ill. App. 3d
16, 25 (2007).
¶ 40 First, there is no reasonable probability that, absent the admission of the evidence of cash,
the jury would have acquitted defendant of possessing the Glock and the Hi-Point. See E.H., 224
Ill. 2d at 180. The State’s evidence overwhelmingly demonstrated defendant’s actual and
constructive possession of those weapons. McNeff testified that he saw a black male whom he
identified as defendant throw two guns out the window of a bedroom. One of those guns had
defendant’s fingerprints on the slide. Defendant was the only adult male found in the house.
We deem this to be overwhelming evidence that defendant tried to dispose of the Glock and the
Hi-Point. That evidence overwhelmingly established his intent and capability to maintain control
and dominion of those two guns and thus his constructive possession of them. To the extent that
McNeff observed defendant holding the guns, his observation established defendant’s actual
possession as well.
¶ 41 Second, circumstantial evidence, corroborated by defendant’s inculpatory statements to
Tellner and Corrigan, sufficiently established defendant’s possession of the Taurus such that the
erroneous admission of the evidence of the cash was harmless. Tellner testified that defendant
said that the police would find a “.22” on the bed in the northeast bedroom. Corrigan also testified
that defendant said that “there was a .22 Caliber handgun located above his bed in his bedroom.”
Both officers testified that defendant admitted ownership of the Taurus. Defendant’s inculpatory
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2020 IL App (2d) 170873statements were corroborated by circumstantial evidence of his control over the bedroom. The
Taurus was found on the bed in a bedroom used by defendant. Indeed, he had removed his jeans
and put them aside in that room, so that he was wearing only basketball shorts or boxer shorts
when he was arrested. Thus, the jury heard ample evidence of defendant’s intent and capability
to maintain control and dominion of the Taurus. The jury implicitly rejected defendant’s
assertions that he did not possess the Taurus because he resided elsewhere and, at worst, shared
the bedroom with Chairez. To accept that defendant lacked constructive possession of the Taurus
would require rejecting as complete fabrications the testimony of Tellner and Corrigan. There
was no reasonable probability that, absent the erroneous admission of the evidence of the cash, the
jury would have acquitted defendant of possession of the Taurus.
¶ 42 Citing People v. Lee, 2019 IL App (1st) 162563, ¶ 67, defendant argues that the jury’s note
about its difficulty reaching a verdict on two counts requires us to conclude that the erroneous
admission of the evidence of the cash was not harmless. We disagree. Long jury deliberations
and notes during deliberations indicating an impasse can show that the evidence in a case was
closely balanced. Lee, 2019 IL App (1st) 162563, ¶ 67. To be sure, the note showed the
closeness of the evidence of defendant’s possession of the Beretta and the Mossberg. Indeed, the
jury acquitted defendant of those charges.
¶ 43 However, the jury note made clear that the jurors were struggling with two counts for which
it was important to resolve whether “knowing about an item [is] proof of intention and the power
to exercise control over a thing.” The two counts for which defendant’s mere knowledge was
most relevant were those relating to the Berretta and the Mossberg: defendant told Tellner that he
knew where those guns were kept, and the police found them where he likely would have seen
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2020 IL App (2d) 170873them. By contrast, the jury found defendant guilty of the other three counts, and the jury note
has no bearing on the strength of the evidence of those offenses.
¶ 44 For the foregoing reasons, we affirm defendant’s convictions of unlawful possession of a
weapon by a felon.
¶ 45 B. Extended-Term Sentence
¶ 46 As a final matter, defendant asserts that the trial court improperly sentenced him to an
extended term for unlawful possession of less than 15 grams of heroin, a Class 4 felony, when he
was also sentenced for unlawful possession of cocaine with intent to deliver, a Class 1 felony.
The State confesses that the extended-term sentence was error but disagrees with defendant as to
the proper remedy.
¶ 47 Defendant points out that, under section 5-8-2(a) of the Unified Code of Corrections (730
ILCS 5/5-8-2(a) (2014)), when a defendant has been convicted of offenses of different classes, the
court may impose an extended-term sentence only for the conviction of the most serious class.
The State asks us to reduce defendant’s Class 4 felony conviction to three years’ imprisonment,
the statutory maximum nonextended term. Defendant, by contrast, asks us to vacate the extended-
term sentence and remand the matter for a new sentencing hearing, to impose the minimum term,
or to impose an “appropriately reduced term within the Class 4 felony sentencing range of one to
three years’ imprisonment.” By imposing an extended-term sentence, the trial court implicitly
found that defendant’s offense warrants a prison term of at least three years, and defendant has not
argued why he is entitled to a shorter sentence. Thus, we reduce defendant’s sentence to the
three-year statutory-maximum term.
¶ 48 III. CONCLUSION
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2020 IL App (2d) 170873¶ 49 For the reasons stated, we affirm as modified the judgment of the circuit court of Kane
County.
¶ 50 Affirmed as modified.
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2020 IL App (2d) 170873No. 2-17-0873
Cite as: People v. McBride, 2020 IL App (2d) 170873Decision Under Review: Appeal from the Circuit Court of Kane County, No. 14-CF-
1668; the Hon. Linda S. Abrahamson, Judge, presiding.
Attorneys James E. Chadd, Thomas A. Lilien, and Lucas Walker, of State
for Appellate Defender’s Office, of Elgin, for appellant.
Appellant:
Attorneys Joseph H. McMahon, State’s Attorney, of St. Charles (Patrick
for Delfino, Edward R. Psenicka, and Ivan O. Taylor Jr., of State’s
Appellee: Attorneys Appellate Prosecutor’s Office, of counsel), for the
People.
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