In the Matter of the Paternity of A.I., Sandrella Windham, a.k.a. Samantha Kelley v. Kenneth Ivy (mem. dec.)

MEMORANDUM DECISION FILED
Jun 15 2016, 6:14 am
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),
this Memorandum Decision shall not be CLERK
Indiana Supreme Court
Court of Appeals
regarded as precedent or cited before any and Tax Court
court except for the purpose of establishing
the defense of res judicata, collateral
estoppel, or the law of the case.
APPELLANT PRO SE
Samantha Kelley
Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE
COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
In the Matter of the Paternity of June 15, 2016
A.I., Court of Appeals Case No.
49A04-1507-JP-773
Sandrella Windham, a.k.a.
Samantha Kelley, Appeal from the
Marion Circuit Court
Appellant-Respondent,
The Honorable
v. Sheryl Lynch, Judge
The Honorable
Tamara L. McMillian, Magistrate
Kenneth Ivy,
Trial Court Cause No.
Appellee-Petitioner. 49C01-0608-JP-32116
Kirsch, Judge.
[1] Sandrella Windham, a.k.a. Samantha Kelley (“Mother”), filed a motion to
modify the child support obligation of Kenneth Ivy (“Father”) for the parties’
minor child. Mother appeals the trial court’s order modifying Father’s child
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support obligation and raises several issues, of which we find the following to
be dispositive: Whether the trial court abused its discretion when it ordered
that Father was no longer required to pay child support.
[2] We affirm.
Facts and Procedural History
[3] Mother and Father are the biological parents of one child (“Child”), born in
2003. In 2006, Father petitioned to establish paternity of Child, and in 2007,
the trial court issued a Judgment of Paternity and Support (“the Judgment”),
which established paternity in Father. The Judgment reflected a weekly child
support calculation of $99.00 per week, but the trial court deviated from that
amount by applying a credit to Father for social security benefits that Child
received from Father, resulting in a child support obligation of $33.00 per
week.1 Appellant’s App. at 10. Under the Judgment, Father also was responsible
for providing the medical and dental insurance on Child. In 2010, Mother left
the state of Indiana with Child, but returned in 2014. In September 2014,
Mother filed a Verified Petition for Modification of Child Support (“Petition”),2
and in February 2015, the trial court held a hearing on the matter. Both Mother
and Father appeared in person, but neither party was represented by counsel.
1
The Judgment is not included in the record before us, and we extrapolate the facts and amounts from the
trial court’s order in this case, as well at the parties’ testimony.
2
The Petition is not included in the record before us.
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[4] At the hearing, Mother testified that she and Father both are military retirees
and that both of them receive Social Security disability payments and
Department of Veterans Affairs (“V.A.”) disability payments. She provided the
trial court with a January 2014 Social Security disability document, which was
admitted into evidence, and it reflected her monthly disability payment as
$895.00 per month. Resp’t’s Ex. A. Mother asserted that Father’s income “is
higher than mine,” noting that he receives monthly military retirement
payments. Tr. at 5. She estimated that her total monthly income was near
$4,000.00 and that Father’s was between $5,000.00 and $6,000.00. Id. at 5-6,
11. Mother testified that there were no childcare-related expenses, but that
Child, who was in fifth grade at the time of the hearing, had been diagnosed
with dyslexia and had recently started attending a learning institution that
provided a teaching style suited for dyslexic children. Tuition to attend the
school was $350.00 per month, and Mother testified that she and Father each
had been paying $175.00. As for parenting time, Mother stated that Father
generally spent three to four overnights with Child per month. Mother testified
that Father “will buy some clothing” for Child and that he gives Child gifts for
her birthdays and “does help with the extra-curricular things,” but he “is not
held to do those things.” Id. at 6. Mother acknowledged that, although Father
“does the extra and pays [] one fifty-three a month,” he was not under any legal
obligation to do so, and, she stated, “I want him [to have] a monthly obligation
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that . . . whatever could happen, he still has to pay that set amount[.]” 3 Id. at 6-
7.
[5] Father also testified, initially advising the trial court that, some years prior, he
had filed a petition for contempt because Mother “disappeared and did not let
the courts know” and that he spent thousands of dollars “to find her,” which
took six months or so. Id. at 15. He stated that after he located Mother and
Child in Colorado, he spent $7,000.00 on flights, hotel, car rental, and meals
over the years in order to exercise parenting time with Child. Father disputed
the income figures that Mother presented for herself at the hearing, asserting
that her income was “much higher” than she was claiming. Id. at 9.
[6] As to his own income, Father testified as to the amounts he was receiving in
Social Security disability benefits, V.A. disability benefits, and military
retirement benefits. Father provided a summary of the figures to the court,
which was admitted into evidence. Pet’r’s Ex. 1. Father testified that he was
paying $153.00 in child support for Child, and that, in addition, Child received
$724.30 per month through Social Security as a result of Father’s disability.
Father testified that he pays $118.00 per month in health care for Child and
$60.00 per month for dental insurance. Father stated that he pays “all the co-
pays” for Child’s ophthalmology visits and glasses and asserted that Mother
3
From the record before us, it appears that Mother did not provide the trial court with a proposed child
support worksheet. As we have neither the Petition seeking modification of child support, nor a proposed
support worksheet, we have only Mother’s testimony as evidence of her requested amount of child support.
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“doesn’t pay anything.” Tr. at 19-20. He stated that he was on a payment plan
for what was not covered by insurance for Child’s $7,000.00 orthodontic bills.
Id. In addition to paying half of Child’s $350.00 per month tuition, he added
that “I do all her books for school. I do all her uniforms.” Id. at 20. Father
told the court that after Mother and Child returned to Indiana in 2014, he
generally had Child three to four overnights per week, contrary to Mother’s
testimony. Id. Father noted to the court that he had a child support obligation
for a prior-born child and that, in addition, $735.29 was deducted from his
military retirement and paid to a prior wife as “alimony.” Id. at 24.
[7] The trial court took the matter under advisement, and in April 2015, it issued
an order (“Order”), finding in part, as follows:
23. Court finds that Father had a substantial and continuous
change of circumstances of prior weekly support order of $33.00;
the prior order was issued more than twelve (12) months prior;
and Father’s current child support calculation is more than a 20%
difference from the prior order.
24. Court finds that Father should not pay any weekly child
support for Child. Court deviates from the Child Support
Obligation Worksheet calculation that Father’s weekly child
support is now two dollars ($2.00) per week due to it being in the
child’s best interest and Father’s voluntary payments toward
Child’s educational needs.
Appellant’s App. at 11. Mother now appeals.
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Discussion and Decision
[8] Initially, we observe that Father did not file an appellee’s brief. We will not
undertake the burden of developing arguments for the appellee. In re Paternity of
E.C., 896 N.E.2d 923, 924 (Ind. Ct. App. 2008). Applying a less stringent
standard of review, we may reverse the trial court if the appellant establishes
prima facie error. Id. Prima facie error is defined as at first sight, on first
appearance, or on the face of it. Id.
[9] A trial court’s calculation of child support is presumptively valid. Bogner v.
Bogner, 29 N.E.3d 733, 738 (Ind. 2015). On appeal, we will not disturb a trial
court’s order modifying child support unless the trial court abused its discretion.
In re E.C., 896 N.E.2d at 924; Davis v. Knafel, 837 N.E.2d 585, 587 (Ind. Ct.
App. 2005), trans. denied. We consider the evidence most favorable to the
judgment and the reasonable inferences to be drawn therefrom, and we do not
reweigh evidence or reassess the credibility of witnesses. In re E.C., 896 N.E.2d
at 924. It is not enough that the evidence might support some other conclusion;
rather, it must positively require the conclusion contended for by appellant
before there is a basis for reversal. Davis, 837 N.E.2d at 587.
[10] Pursuant to Indiana Code section 31-16-8-1,4 child support obligations may be
modified only:
4
See Ind. Code 31-14-11-2.3 (“A child support order issued under [the paternity support] chapter is subject to
the provisions in IC 31-16-6 through IC 31-16-13.”).
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(1) upon a showing of changed circumstances so substantial and
continuing as to make the terms unreasonable; or
(2) upon a showing that:
(A) a party has been ordered to pay an amount in child support
that differs by more than twenty percent (20%) from the amount
that would be ordered by applying the child support guidelines;
and
(B) the order requested to be modified or revoked was issued at
least twelve (12) months before the petition requesting
modification was filed.
[11] In the present case, the trial court’s Order included a child support worksheet
that calculated Father’s weekly gross income as $1,218.58 ($4,874.32 per
month) and Mother’s weekly gross income as $929.84 ($3,719.36 per month).
The Order determined that Father’s child support obligation pursuant to the
Guidelines was $2.00 per week, which represented more than a 20% difference
from the prior $33.00 per week support order that was issued in 2007. The
court further determined that a deviation was justified, and it ordered that
Father was not required to pay any weekly child support for Child. Mother
maintains that this decision was an abuse of discretion, but we disagree.
[12] At the hearing on Mother’s Petition, she testified as to her estimation of each
party’s income, but presented only one document, dated September 2014, to
show her Social Security disability payments, at least at that time. Although
she acknowledged that she also received V.A. disability benefits and estimated
her total monthly income to be approximately $3,000.00, she presented no
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other evidence of her income, and she did not offer a proposed child support
worksheet. Father testified and presented documentation showing the amounts
of his V.A. disability benefits, his Social Security disability benefits, and his
military retirement pay. He also testified that he pays $153.00 in child support
for Child, and he noted that Child receives an additional $724.30 from Social
Security relative to Father’s disability, a sum that Father asserts Mother did not
include in her child support allegations. Father testified to the specific amounts
that he pays for Child’s medical and dental insurance, as well as another child
support obligation for a prior-born child and for a prior alimony or maintenance
obligation. He presented a summary of what he believed his income to be,
reduced by payments and obligations, as well as another document
summarizing what he believed Mother’s income to be. Resp’t’s Exs. 1, 2.
[13] Mother argues on appeal that the trial court, in calculating child support,
should not have given Father a credit for exercising three overnights with the
child per week (or 156 per year). Appellant’s Br. at 2. Her argument in this
regard, however, is merely a request for us to reweigh the evidence. That is, at
the hearing, Father testified that, since the time that Mother and Child returned
to Indianapolis in 2014, he had been exercising three to four overnights with
Child per week, whereas Mother testified that he exercised four to five
overnights per month. As we have often recognized, “Trial courts must
exercise judgment, particularly as to credibility of witnesses, and we defer to
that judgment because the trial court views the evidence firsthand and we
review a cold documentary record.” MacLafferty v. MacLafferty, 829 N.E.2d 938,
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941 (Ind. 2005). Given the record before us, it was not an abuse of discretion
for the trial court to credit Father with three overnights of parenting time per
week.
[14] The remainder of Mother’s arguments on appeal consist primarily of general
allegations that the trial court’s decision was “unethical” and “unprofessional,”
and that it included “false” statements and that it was in “blatant disregard of
the law.” Appellant’s Br. at 2, 5-6. She does not challenge the income figures
used by the trial court or contend that its calculations were incorrect. She does
not challenge the existence of Father’s other child support obligation or his
maintenance payment to a prior spouse. In sum, she does not specifically
explain or allege in what way the trial court’s decision was an abuse of
discretion. Accordingly, we find that Mother has failed to meet her burden to
establish that the trial court’s decision to modify Father’s child support
obligation was an abuse of discretion.
[15] Affirmed.5
5
Mother also raises the issue on appeal that “the trial court committed reversible error and abused its
discretion . . . [by] not allowing [Mother] to take her minor child out of the court’s jurisdiction ‘without a
court order.’” Appellant’s Br. at 1. However, the only pending motion before the trial court was Mother’s
Petition seeking to modify child support, and the trial court advised the parties on several occasions during
the hearing that matters concerning Mother’s past relocations or desire to do so in the future were not
relevant to the pending motion to modify child support, and such matters would not be heard or decided. Tr.
at 30, 32-33, 35-36. Although the trial court in its Order reminded both parties of their continuing obligation
to report any change of residence to the court, it did not render any decision with regard to any relocation
request of either parent. Appellant’s App. at 12. Accordingly, we do not address Mother’s claim that “the trial
court committed reversible error and abused its discretion . . . [by] not allowing [Mother] to take her minor
child out of the court’s jurisdiction[.]” Appellant’s Br. at 1.
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[16] Riley, J., and Pyle, J., concur.
Mother also asserts as an issue that “the trial court committed reversible error by not permitting the
appellants [sic] material witnesses to enter court and provide exculpatory testimony.” Id. However, neither
Mother’s Brief nor the Transcript refer to any such material witnesses who were offered but excluded.
Furthermore, Mother’s only argument on the issue appears to be: “The Magistrate made a false statement
when she stated the hearing was only for the modification of child support. This prevented the appellant
from providing exculpatory testimony.” Id. at 4. Mother has thus waived the issue for failure to make a
cogent argument. Ind. Appellate Rule 46(a)(8).
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