MEMORANDUM DECISION
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Apr 17 2015, 9:38 am
Memorandum Decision shall not be regarded as
precedent or cited before any court except for the
purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata,
collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Danielle L. Gregory Gregory F. Zoeller
Indianapolis, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana
Robert J. Henke
Abigail R. Miller
Deputy Attorneys General
Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE
COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
In the Matter of the Involuntary April, 17, 2015
Termination of the Parent-Child Court of Appeals Case No.
Relationship of A.D., Minor 49A02-1409-JT-631
Child, and Her Father, B.D., Appeal from the Marion Superior
Court
The Honorable Marilyn A. Moores,
B.D., Judge
Appellant-Respondent, The Honorable Larry Bradley,
Magistrate
Cause No. 49D09-1402-JT-89
v.
Indiana Department of Child
Services,
Appellee-Petitioner
Bradford, Judge.
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Case Summary
[1] Appellant-Respondent B.D. (“Father”) appeals the juvenile court’s order
terminating his parental rights to A.D. (the “Child”). On March 13, 2013, the
Department of Child Services (“DCS”) filed a petition alleging that the Child
was a child in need of services (“CHINS”). The CHINS petition stated that
DCS became involved with the family and the Child was removed from her
parents’ care after the Child’s mother tested positive for cocaine both during her
pregnancy and at the time of the Child’s birth. The CHINS petition further
stated that Father had failed to demonstrate either the ability or a willingness to
appropriately parent the Child. With respect to Father, the Child was
adjudicated to be a CHINS on May 3, 2013. Father was subsequently ordered
to participate in certain services. Father failed to do so.
[2] DCS filed a petition seeking the termination of Father’s parental rights to the
Child on February 19, 2014. Following a two-day evidentiary hearing, the
juvenile court issued an order terminating Father’s parental rights to the Child.
On appeal, Father contends that DCS did not provide sufficient evidence to
support the termination of his parental rights. We affirm.
Facts and Procedural History
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[3] Father is the biological father of the Child, who was born on March 9, 2013.1
DCS initially became involved with the Child after the Child’s mother, who
had an extensive history of substance abuse, tested positive for cocaine both
during her pregnancy and at the time of the Child’s birth.
[4] DCS filed a petition on March 13, 2013, alleging that the Child was a CHINS.
With regard to Father, DCS alleged that Father “has not successfully
demonstrated the ability and willingness to appropriately parent [the Child],
and he is unable to ensure [the Child]’s safety and well being while in the care
and custody of [Mother].” State’s Ex. 2. Father failed to appear at hearings on
DCS’s CHINS petition on both March 13, and April 5, 2013. The juvenile
court set the matter for a fact-finding hearing on May 3, 2013. Father did not
appear for the May 3, 2013 fact-finding hearing.
[5] At the conclusion of the May 3, 2013 fact-finding hearing, the juvenile court
adjudicated the Child to be a CHINS with regard to Father. Father appeared
for a hearing on August 2, 2013, after which the juvenile court issued a
dispositional order and parental participation decree in which it ordered Father
to (1) participate in supervised visitation with the Child; (2) participate in home-
based counseling; (3) complete a parenting assessment; and (4) submit to
random drug screens. The juvenile court advised Father that failure to
participate in the court-ordered services could lead to the termination of his
1
The termination of the Child’s mother’s parental rights is not at issue in this appeal.
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parental rights to the Child. Father agreed to participate in the court-ordered
services. Father, however, failed to do so.
[6] On February 19, 2014, DCS filed a petition seeking the termination of Father’s
parental rights to the Child. The juvenile court conducted an evidentiary
termination hearing on July 30, and August 4, 2014, during which Father was
represented by counsel. Father, however, failed to appear for the proceedings
on July 30, 2014.
[7] During the termination hearing, DCS introduced evidence relating to continued
concerns regarding Father’s apparent disinterest and unwillingness to properly
care for the Child. Specifically, DCS introduced evidence which demonstrated
that Father repeatedly failed to visit with the Child or to participate in the
services offered by DCS. Father had not seen the Child since August 16, 2013,
and the juvenile court heard evidence that the Child would not even recognize
Father. DCS also introduced evidence indicating that the termination of
Father’s parental rights was in the Child’s best interest and that its plan for the
permanent care and treatment of the Child was adoption. Father, for his part,
presented evidence which he claimed demonstrated that he was willing and able
to care for the Child despite his complete failure to participate in the court-
ordered services. Following the conclusion of the termination hearing, the
juvenile court issued an order terminating Father’s parental rights to the Child.
Father now appeals.
Discussion and Decision
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[8] The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution protects the
traditional right of a parent to establish a home and raise his child. Bester v. Lake
Cnty. Office of Family & Children, 839 N.E.2d 143, 145 (Ind. 2005). Further, we
acknowledge that the parent-child relationship is “one of the most valued
relationships of our culture.” Id. However, although parental rights are of a
constitutional dimension, the law allows for the termination of those rights
when a parent is unable or unwilling to meet his responsibility as a parent. In re
T.F., 743 N.E.2d 766, 773 (Ind. Ct. App. 2001), trans. denied. Therefore,
parental rights are not absolute and must be subordinated to the child’s interests
in determining the appropriate disposition of a petition to terminate the parent-
child relationship. Id.
[9] The purpose of terminating parental rights is not to punish the parent but to
protect the child. Id. Termination of parental rights is proper where the child’s
emotional and physical development is threatened. Id. The juvenile court need
not wait until the child is irreversibly harmed such that her physical, mental,
and social development is permanently impaired before terminating the parent-
child relationship. Id.
[10] Father contends that the evidence presented at the evidentiary hearing was
insufficient to support the juvenile court’s order terminating his parental rights.
In reviewing termination proceedings on appeal, this court will not reweigh the
evidence or assess the credibility of the witnesses. In re Involuntary Termination
of Parental Rights of S.P.H., 806 N.E.2d 874, 879 (Ind. Ct. App. 2004). We only
consider the evidence that supports the juvenile court’s decision and reasonable
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inferences drawn therefrom. Id. Where, as here, the juvenile court includes
findings of fact and conclusions thereon in its order terminating parental rights,
our standard of review is two-tiered. Id. First, we must determine whether the
evidence supports the findings, and, second, whether the findings support the
legal conclusions. Id.
[11] In deference to the juvenile court’s unique position to assess the evidence, we
set aside the juvenile court’s findings and judgment terminating a parent-child
relationship only if they are clearly erroneous. Id. A finding of fact is clearly
erroneous when there are no facts or inferences drawn therefrom to support it.
Id. A judgment is clearly erroneous only if the legal conclusions made by the
juvenile court are not supported by its findings of fact, or the conclusions do not
support the judgment. Id.
[12] In order to involuntarily terminate a parent’s parental rights, DCS must
establish by clear and convincing evidence that:
(A) one (1) of the following exists:
(i) the child has been removed from the parent for at least
six (6) months under a dispositional decree;
(ii) a court has entered a finding under IC 31-34-21-5.6
that reasonable efforts for family preservation or
reunification are not required, including a description of
the court’s finding, the date of the finding, and the
manner in which the finding was made; or
(iii) the child has been removed from the parent and has
been under the supervision of a county office of family
and children or probation department for at least fifteen
(15) months of the most recent twenty-two (22) months,
beginning with the date the child is removed from the
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home as a result of the child being alleged to be a child in
need of services or a delinquent child;
(B) that one (1) of the following is true:
(i) There is a reasonable probability that the conditions
that resulted in the child’s removal or the reasons for
placement outside the home of the parents will not be
remedied.
(ii) There is a reasonable probability that the continuation
of the parent-child relationship poses a threat to the well-
being of the child.
(iii) The child has, on two (2) separate occasions, been
adjudicated a child in need of services;
(C) termination is in the best interests of the child; and
(D) there is a satisfactory plan for the care and treatment of the child.
Ind. Code § 31-35-2-4(b)(2) (2011). Father does not dispute that DCS presented
sufficient evidence to support the first and fourth elements set forth in Indiana
Code section 31-35-2-4(b). Father, however, claims that DCS failed to establish
the second and third elements that are required to be proven before the juvenile
court could order the involuntary termination of his parental rights.
Specifically, Father argues that DCS failed to establish that there is a reasonable
probability that the continuation of the parent-child relationship poses a threat
to the well-being of the Child. Father also argues that DCS failed to establish
that termination of his parental rights is in the Child’s best interests.
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A. Whether DCS Presented Sufficient Evidence to Prove the
Second Element That is Required to be Proven Before a Court
May Order the Involuntary Termination of One’s Parental
Rights
[13] On appeal, Father argues that DCS failed to establish by clear and convincing
evidence that there is a reasonable probability that the continuation of the
parent-child poses a threat to the well-being of the Child.
[14] It is well-settled that because Indiana Code section 31-35-2-4(b)(2)(B) is written
in the disjunctive, the juvenile court need only find either that (1) the conditions
resulting in removal from or continued placement outside the parent’s home
will not be remedied, (2) the continuation of the parent-child relationship poses
a threat to the child, or (3) the Child has been adjudicated CHINS on two
separate occasions. See In re C.C., 788 N.E.2d 847, 854 (Ind. Ct. App. 2003),
trans. denied. Therefore, where the juvenile court concludes either that (1) there
is a reasonably probability that the conditions resulting in the Child’s placement
outside the parent’s home will not be remedied, (2) there is a reasonable
probability that the continuation of the parent-child relationship poses a threat
to the well-being of the Child, or (3) the Child has been adjudicated a CHINS
on two separate occasions, and there is sufficient evidence in the record
supporting the juvenile court’s conclusion, it is not necessary for DCS to prove,
or for the juvenile court to find, either of the other two factors listed in Indiana
Code section 31-34-2-4(b)(2)(B). See generally In re S.P.H., 806 N.E.2d at 882
(providing that because Indiana Code section 31-35-2-4(b)(2)(B) is written in the
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disjunctive, DCS need only prove and the juvenile court need only find that one
of the factors listed in that sub-section is true).
[15] Initially we note that the trial court concluded both that (1) there is a reasonably
probability that the conditions resulting in the Child’s placement outside of
Father’s home will not be remedied and (2) there is a reasonable probability
that the continuation of the parent-child relationship poses a threat to the well-
being of the Child. With respect to its conclusion that there is a reasonable
probability that the conditions resulting in the Child’s placement outside
Father’s home would not be remedied, the juvenile court stated that
There is a reasonable probability that the conditions that result in [the
Child]’s removal and continued placement outside the home will not
be remedied by her father. Due to his lack of effort in services, his
ability to appropriately parent remains unknown. His indifference
toward [the Child], as exhibited by not visiting her or asking about her,
demonstrates that he is unwilling to parent.
Appellant’s App. p. 12. Father does not challenge this conclusion. However,
we will nonetheless address the merits of Father’s claim that the evidence is
insufficient to sustain the juvenile court’s conclusion that continuation of the
parent-child relationship poses a threat to the well-being of the Child.
[16] In determining whether the continuation of a parental relationship poses a
threat to a child’s well-being, a juvenile court should judge a parent’s fitness to
care for his child as of the time of the termination proceeding, taking into
consideration evidence of changed conditions. Bester, 839 N.E.2d at 152.
However, the court must also consider a parent’s habitual pattern of conduct to
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determine whether there is a substantial probability of future neglect or
deprivation. Id. Again, a court need not wait until the child is irreversibly
harmed such that her physical, mental, and social development is permanently
impaired before terminating the parent-child relationship. See In re T.F., 743
N.E.2d at 773. Moreover, a juvenile court “‘can reasonably consider the
services offered by [DCS] to the parent and the parent’s response to those
services.’” McBride v. Monroe Cnty. Office of Family & Children, 798 N.E.2d 185,
199 (Ind. Ct. App. 2003) (quoting In re A.C.C., 682 N.E.2d 542, 544 (Ind. Ct.
App. 1997)).
[17] Here, the juvenile court determined that the continuation of the parent-child
relationship posed a threat to the Child’s well-being. In making this
determination, the juvenile court stated that
Continuation of the parent-child relationship poses a threat to [the
Child]’s well-being in that it would pose as a barrier to obtaining
permanency for her through an adoption into the only home she has
known when her father has demonstrated [that] he is not willing to
offer her permanency.
Appellant’s App. p. 12. In support of its determination, the juvenile court
found as follows:
1. [Father] is the father of [the Child], a minor child born on March 9,
2013.
****
3. A [CHINS petition] was filed on [the Child] on March 13, 2013,
under Cause Number 49D091303JC009639 on allegations that her
mother tested positive for marijuana and cocaine throughout her
pregnancy with [the Child], having an extensive substance abuse
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history. Allegations against [Father] included he had not
demonstrated the ability and willingness to appropriately parent and
he was unable to ensure [the Child]’s safety while in the care of her
mother.
4. [The Child] was ordered detained and placed outside the home at
the Initial Hearing held on March 13, 2013. [Father] failed to attend
the hearing.
****
6. [The Child] was found to be a child in need of services as to her
father on May 3, 2013.
7. The ChINS Court proceeded to disposition on May 3, 2013, at
which time [the Child]’s placement continued outside the home. She
had been removed for at least six (6) months prior to this termination
action being filed on February 19, 2014.
8. At disposition, the Court ordered no services for [Father] until he
made himself available to the Court.
9. [Father] appeared in court for the first time on August 2, 2013, at
which time disposition was modified to order [Father] to participate in
a parenting assessment, home based services and random screens.
10. [Father] agreed to participate in services.
11. [Father] attended one ChINS hearing. He was incarcerated for
approximately three months of the eleven months between the ChINS
filing and the Permanency Hearing.
12. To assess needs and family functioning, home based therapy and a
parenting assessment were referred.
13. Therapy was referred four times. [Father] failed to complete a full
intake.
14. Three parenting assessments were referred. [Father] failed to
complete an assessment.
15. Random drug screens were referred to assess and monitor any
treatment needs.
16. [Father] failed to undergo random screens through Mosaic
Recovery.
17. [Father] had an “on and off” relationship to [the Child]’s mother
who was still using and was noncompliant in services. [Father] also
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admitted to the family case manager that he would test positive in
October of 2013, and testified he had smoked marijuana in 2014.
18. [Father] may have visited with his daughter a few times in March
of 2013. He last exercised his parenting time in August of 2013 when
he left early.
19. Parenting time was suspended for [Father] in November of 2013
until he began participating in services. He failed to do so.
20. Since his one parenting time session with [the Child], he has not
requested further visits or enquire[d] as to her well-being.
21. [Father] blamed his lack of participation on his employment.
22. The plan for permanency was changed from reunification to
adoption on February 7, 2014, with the Court finding that [Father] had
not done any random drug screens, failed to complete a parenting
assessment or home based counseling, and tested positive for
marijuana and opiates when the family case manager administered an
oral drug swab in October of 2014.
23. [The Child] has resided in the same foster home since her release
from the hospital after birth. She has a younger sibling residing in the
home which is pre-adoptive.
24. [The Child] has special needs which are being met by her caregiver
through physical and developmental therapy.
Appellant’s App. pp. 11-12. In light of these findings, the juvenile court
concluded that DCS established by clear and convincing evidence that the
continuation of the parent-child relationship posed a threat to the Child’s well-
being.
[18] Father does not challenge the above-stated findings of fact on appeal “as they
were supported by the evidence presented.” Appellant’s Br. p. 11. Rather,
Father argues that the above-stated findings do not support the juvenile court’s
conclusion that the continuation of the parent-child relationship posed a threat
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to the Child’s well-being. In support of this argument, Father refers to his
testimony which he claims demonstrates that he was able to provide shelter and
had the financial resources to provide food, clothing, care, and nurturing for the
Child. Father also claims that the record reflects that the Child was never
harmed in Father’s care or his home and that service providers indicated that
they never saw Father with the Child.
[19] It is well-established that the juvenile court, acting as a trier of fact, was not
required to believe or assess the same weight to the testimony as Father. See
Thompson v. State, 804 N.E.2d 1146, 1149 (Ind. 2004); Marshall v. State, 621
N.E.2d 308, 320 (Ind. 1993); Nelson v. State, 525 N.E.2d 296, 297 (Ind. 1988);
A.S.C. Corp. v. First Nat’l Bank of Elwood, 241 Ind. 19, 25, 167 N.E.2d 460, 463
(1960); Haynes v. Brown, 120 Ind. App. 184, 189, 88 N.E.2d 795, 797 (1949),
trans. denied. Father’s challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence to support the
conclusion of the juvenile court effectively amounts to an invitation for this
court to reassess witness credibility and reweigh the evidence, which, again, we
will not do. See In re S.P.H., 806 N.E.2d at 879. When considered as a whole,
we conclude that the juvenile court did not err in concluding that continuation
of the parent-child relationship posed a threat to the Child’s well-being.
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B. Whether DCS Presented Sufficient Evidence to Prove the
Third Element That is Required to be Proven Before a Court
May Order the Involuntary Termination of One’s Parental
Rights
[20] Father also contends that DCS failed to prove by clear and convincing evidence
that termination of his parental rights was in the Child’s best interests. We are
mindful that in considering whether termination of one’s parental rights is in
the best interests of a child, the juvenile court is required to look beyond the
factors identified by DCS and look to the totality of the evidence. McBride, 798
N.E.2d at 203. In doing so, the juvenile court must subordinate the interests of
the parent to those of the child involved. Id. Furthermore, this court has
previously determined that the testimony of the case worker or Guardian Ad
Litem (“GAL”) regarding the child’s need for permanency supports a finding
that termination is in the child’s best interests. Id.; see also Matter of M.B., 666
N.E.2d 73, 79 (Ind. Ct. App. 1996), trans. denied.
[21] Here, the testimony establishes that the Child has a need for permanency and
stability and that the termination of Father’s parental rights would serve the
Child’s best interests. Family Case Manger (“FCM”) Phyllis Clemons testified
that she believed that the termination of Father’s parental rights was in the
Child’s best interests. Specifically, FCM Clemons testified that she believed
that termination of Father’s parental rights was in the Child’s best interests
because “she deserves … permanency, she deserves a safe, secure, stable home
environment. She deserves that.” Tr. p. 79. FCM Clemons testified that
permanency for a child “is a safe, secure, stable home with family, love, um,
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unconditional commitment and lifelong support” and that permanency is
important for the Child “[b]ecause it provides stability.” Tr. pp. 75-76.
[22] Although Father initially agreed to complete all of the services ordered by the
juvenile court, he has “made no progress in [completing] the services ordered.”
Tr. p. 78. In fact, all of the services were eventually terminated unsuccessfully
due to Father’s lack of participation. When asked by FCM Clemons about his
lack of participation, Father repeatedly claimed that he could not visit with the
Child or complete services because “he’d been busy working.” Tr. p. 64.
Further, although Father claimed to be employed and capable of providing
financial support for the Child, Father has never provided FCM Clemons with
proof of employment and has never provided financial support for the Child.
FCM Clemons indicated that she has concerns about Father’s ability to provide
the Child with stability in light of Father’s lack of compliance in services and
lack of engagement in visitation.
[23] FCM Clemons also expressed concerns about Father’s ability to provide for the
Child’s special needs. The Child suffers from some developmental issues,
including issues with her muscle tone and her speech. As of the date of the
evidentiary hearing, she was participating in physical and developmental
therapy. Father had not demonstrated any ability—or desire—to meet the
Child’s special needs regarding her speech and developmental delays.
[24] In addition, the Child’s GAL, Vera Stewart, testified that she believed that
adoption “is the right thing to happen for [the Child].” Tr. p. 104. GAL
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Stewart further testified that she did not believe that Father should be given
additional time to complete services “[b]ecause he’s had enough time to
demonstrate [that] he wanted his child or interaction with her or any of the
programs that have been provided for him and he hasn’t done anything.” Tr.
pp. 104-05.
[25] Father concedes that he has not visited with the Child since August 16, 2013,
and that the Child has bonded with her foster mother. The record also
establishes that Father has failed to verify that he could provide the Child with a
suitable living environment and that he made no attempt to seek to have the
Child placed in his care or check on the Child’s welfare. Nevertheless, Father
argues that “his blood relationship with [the Child], his establishment of
paternity, his desire to parent her, and his ability to parent her, gives him a
superior right that should not so easily be revoked.” Appellant’s Br. p. 12.
Father, however, also concedes that “his desire to continue a parent-child
relationship with [the Child] poses a barrier to [the Child] obtaining
permanency through an adoption.” Appellant’s Br. p. 11.
[26] Despite Father’s claim to the contrary, the record demonstrates that throughout
DCS’s period of involvement with the Child, Father has displayed, at best,
indifference toward the Child. This indifference is evidenced by his claim that
he was too busy to visit the Child or to participate in services. The juvenile
court did not have to wait until the Child was irreversibly harmed such that her
physical, mental, and social development was permanently impaired before
terminating Father’s parental rights. See In re C.M., 675 N.E.2d at 1140. In
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light of the testimony of FCM Clemons and GAL Stewart, considered with
Father’s apparent indifference toward the Child and his failure to successfully
complete the court-ordered services, we conclude that the evidence is sufficient
to satisfy DCS’s burden of proving that termination of Father’s parental rights is
in the Child’s best interests. Again, Father’s claim to the contrary merely
amounts to an invitation for this court to reweigh the evidence, which we will
not do. See In re S.P.H., 806 N.E.2d at 879.
Conclusion
[27] Having concluded that the evidence is sufficient to support the juvenile court’s
order terminating Father’s parental rights to the Child, we affirm the judgment
of the juvenile court.
[28] The judgment of the juvenile court is affirmed.
Vaidik, C.J., and Kirsch, J., concur.
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