FILED
Dec 13 2012, 8:51 am
CLERK
FOR PUBLICATION of the supreme court,
court of appeals and
tax court
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANTS: ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEES:
TIMOTHY LOGAN BENJAMIN D. ICE
Benson Pantello Morris James & Logan, LLP WILLIAM A. RAMSEY
Fort Wayne, Indiana Murphy Ice & Koeneman, LLP
Fort Wayne, Indiana
IN THE
COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
BYRAM E. DICKES, RUTH E. LOGAR, )
CHRISTOPHER S. SPIRITOSO, )
GREGORY SPIRITOSO, LINDSEY E. DICKES, )
DICKES DEVELOPMENT CO., LLC, and, )
DICKES REAL ESTATE, LLC, )
)
Appellants-Plaintiffs, )
)
vs. ) No. 02A03-1206-PL-302
)
RONALD D. FELGER, and SHAMBAUGH, )
KAST, BECK & WILLIAMS, LLP, )
)
Appellees-Defendants. )
APPEAL FROM THE ALLEN SUPERIOR COURT
The Honorable Nancy Eshcoff Boyer, Judge
Cause No. 02D01-0903-PL-79
December 13, 2012
OPINION - FOR PUBLICATION
BARNES, Judge
Case Summary
Byram Dickes, Ruth Logar, Christopher Spiritoso, Gregory Spiritoso, Lindsey
Dickes, Dickes Development Co., LLC, and Dickes Real Estate, LLC, (collectively,
“Plaintiffs”) appeal the trial court’s grant of summary judgment to Ronald Felger and
Shambuaugh, Kast, Beck & Williams, LLP (collectively, “Attorneys”). We affirm.
Issue
Plaintiffs raise three issues, which we consolidate and restate as whether the trial
court properly determined that their attorney malpractice claim was barred by the statute
of limitations.
Facts
Felger was an attorney for Fred Dickes for a number of years. An abandoned
railroad right-of-way and an interurban right-of-way crossed Fred’s property in Allen
County. Fred and his wife already owned the interurban right-of-way. In 1995, Felger
represented Fred in his efforts to obtain fee simple ownership of the abandoned railroad
right-of-way property through a reverter clause in the original right-of-way grant to the
railroad. Felger negotiated with the railroad, and a 1995 quitclaim deed purported to
transfer ownership of the railroad right-of-way property to Fred. However, the legal
description in the deed was apparently the legal description of the interurban right-of-
way. Fred died in 2000, and at some point, Fred’s properties passed to Plaintiffs.
At some point, Plaintiffs determined that they did not own the abandoned railroad
right-of-way, and on March 5, 2009, they filed a complaint against Attorneys for attorney
malpractice. Plaintiffs alleged that Attorneys failed to obtain clear and marketable title to
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real estate as requested by Fred and that Plaintiffs had suffered damage as a result. On
August 17, 2010, a pre-trial conference was held, and the trial court issued the following
order:
Court is informed that [Attorneys] intend to file a Motion for
Summary Judgment within the next few days. Parties agree
that Plaintiffs may have sixty (60) days to respond to Motion
for Summary Judgment and during that sixty (60) day period,
Ronald D. Felger shall submit to deposition without limitation
as to subject matter.
App. p. 12.
On September 10, 2010, Attorneys filed a motion for summary judgment and
argued that Plaintiffs’ claims were barred by the statute of limitations. Attorneys
designated, in part, Felger’s affidavit. In response, on November 8, 2010, Plaintiffs filed
a motion to strike Felger’s affidavit and a motion to compel certain discovery. Plaintiffs
also filed a “Verified Trial Rule 5 Filing,” which contained certain discovery responses.
Id. at 68. Finally, Plaintiffs also filed a designation of evidence in response to Attorneys’
motion for summary judgment, which included affidavits from Byram Dickes, Terry
Cornelius, James Federoff, and Robert Wartebe and various discovery responses. The
“designation” included several hundred pages of documents. Plaintiffs did not file a
memorandum in response to Attorneys’ motion for summary judgment.
On May 31, 2011, Attorneys filed a reply memorandum in support of their motion
for summary judgment. The next day, they also filed a response to the motion to compel,
response to the motion to strike, and an amended reply. Attorneys argued, in part, that
Plaintiffs’ November 2010 response was improper because Plaintiffs failed to properly
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designate a material issue of fact and failed to submit a memorandum. Attorneys also
asked that the trial court strike Plaintiffs’ designation. On June 15, 2011, Plaintiffs filed a
lengthy memorandum in response to Attorneys’ motion for summary judgment.
Attorneys responded by filing another motion to strike on June 20, 2011. Attorneys
argued that Plaintiffs’ memorandum was untimely.
The trial court held a hearing on June 20, 2011, and denied Attorneys’ June 20,
2011 motion to strike. The trial court took the other motions to strike and the motion for
summary judgment under advisement. On June 1, 2012, the trial court entered an order
addressing the outstanding motions. The trial court granted in part and denied in part
Plaintiffs’ November 2010 motion to strike certain paragraphs of Felger’s affidavit. The
trial court also granted in part and denied in part Attorneys’ June 2011 motion to strike
portions of Plaintiffs’ designated affidavits. As for the motion for summary judgment,
the trial court noted that the statute of limitations was two years and held that Plaintiffs
“certainly knew there was both an act of negligence and resulting damage not later than
June 30, 2006.” Id. at 23. Thus, the March 2009 complaint was barred by the statute of
limitations, and the trial court granted summary judgment to Attorneys. Plaintiffs now
appeal.
Analysis
The issue is whether the trial court properly determined that Plaintiffs’ complaint
was barred by the statute of limitations. Summary judgment is appropriate when there is
no genuine issue of material fact and the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter
of law. Ind. Trial Rule 56. We liberally construe all designated evidentiary material in a
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light most favorable to the non-moving party to determine whether there is a genuine
issue of material fact. Bradshaw v. Chandler, 916 N.E.2d 163, 166 (Ind. 2009). The
party that lost in the trial court has the burden of persuading the appellate court that the
trial court erred. Id. Our review of a summary judgment motion is limited to those
materials designated to the trial court. Mangold v. Ind. Dep’t of Natural Res., 756
N.E.2d 970, 973 (Ind. 2001).
We first address Plaintiffs’ argument that the trial court abused its discretion by
striking portions of the Terry Cornelius and the Byram Dickes affidavits. The trial court
struck paragraphs 24 and 27 of Cornelius’s affidavit and all of paragraphs 8, 9, 10, 25,
and 27 and portions of paragraphs 19, 26, 29, 33, 34, 37, 42, and 43 of Byram Dickes’s
affidavit. Plaintiffs do not identify which paragraphs were wrongly stricken, explain why
the paragraphs were admissible, or explain how they were prejudiced. A party waives an
issue where the party fails to develop a cogent argument or provide adequate citation to
authority and portions of the record. York v. Fredrick, 947 N.E.2d 969, 979 (Ind. Ct.
App. 2011), trans. denied. Consequently, Plaintiffs have waived this issue due to their
failure to make a cogent argument.
Additionally, Attorneys argue that the trial court abused its discretion by denying
their motions to strike. According to Attorneys, Plaintiffs’ November 2010 filings were
improper because they failed to specifically designate issues of material fact, and
Plaintiffs’ June 2011 filings were improper because they were untimely. However, we
need not address Attorneys’ arguments because, even if we consider Plaintiffs’ filings,
we conclude that the trial court properly granted summary judgment to Attorneys.
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The statute of limitations for a claim of legal malpractice is two years. Ind. Code
§ 34-11-2-4. “Further, legal malpractice actions are subject to the ‘discovery rule,’ which
provides that the statute of limitations does not begin to run until such time as the
plaintiff knows, or in the exercise of ordinary diligence could have discovered, that he
had sustained an injury as the result of the tortious act of another.” Biomet, Inc. v.
Barnes & Thornburg, 791 N.E.2d 760, 765 (Ind. Ct. App. 2003), trans. denied. “For a
wrongful act to give rise to a cause of action and thus to commence the running of the
statute of limitations, it is not necessary that the extent of the damage be known or
ascertainable but only that damage has occurred.” Shideler v. Dwyer, 275 Ind. 270, 282,
417 N.E.2d 281, 289 (1981). Plaintiffs filed their complaint against Attorneys on March
5, 2009. Thus, if Plaintiffs’ action accrued before March 5, 2007, the statute of
limitations would bar their claim. Attorneys contend that Plaintiffs knew or should have
known that they had been injured no later than June 2006.
The designated evidence demonstrates that, in 1995, Felger prepared a deed,
which purportedly transferred the abandoned railroad right-of-way to Fred Dickes.
However, by 1999, property tax issues regarding the property began appearing. After
Fred’s death in 2000, Plaintiffs were notified of a class action lawsuit concerning the
abandoned railroad right-of-way, issues reappeared concerning the property taxes, and
problems with various deeds appeared. According to Felger, he learned of the error in
the deed in 2006 and notified Plaintiffs by letter on February 17, 2006. The letter,
although confusingly worded, informed Plaintiffs that the 1995 deed concerned the
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interurban right-of-way, and that the railroad was determined to be the owner of the
abandoned railroad right-of-way in the class action litigation.
In February 2006, Plaintiffs hired attorney Terry Cornelius to investigate or
“reconfirm” that the family owned the abandoned railroad right-of-way. App. p. 391. In
May 2006, Cornelius wrote to Plaintiffs that he did “not have a favorable resolution to
report” and that Felger was not cooperating with him. Id. at 393. Cornelius advised
Plaintiffs regarding the prior class action lawsuit regarding the abandoned railroad
property, Indiana statutes providing that rights of reversion expire thirty years after the
grant, and possible resolutions to the problem, which included negotiating with the
“current owner of the land,” which was a bicycle trail organization. Id. at 395.
On June 30, 2006, Cornelius informed Plaintiffs that he had ordered a title search,
which did not reveal any deed transferring the abandoned railroad right-of-way to Fred
Dickes. Cornelius’s letter suggested either an expensive declaratory judgment action to
determine ownership of the abandoned railroad right-of-way or negotiation with the
current owner. On July 12, 2006, Cornelius again wrote to Plaintiffs. He noted that he
had not heard from them and that he assumed they did not wish to pursue the litigation.
A year later, on July 17, 2007, Byram Dickes wrote to Cornelius. He noted they were
still attempting to develop the property and explained his discovery of the 1995 deed
from the railroad to Fred Dickes that contained the wrong legal description.
The trial court concluded that Plaintiffs “certainly knew there was both an act of
negligence and resulting damage not later than June 30, 2006.” Id. at 23. We agree that
Plaintiffs here were aware of or could have discovered Attorneys’ alleged malpractice by
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the summer of 2006. Plaintiffs were aware that, despite the 1995 negotiations with the
railroad and the deed, they in fact did not own the abandoned railroad right-of-way.
Further, they were clearly aware that they had been damaged, as the right-of-way was
interfering with their proposed development of the property. Although Plaintiffs were
not able to definitively point to the wrong legal description on the deed as Attorneys’
exact error until the summer of 2007, they were aware of the issues with Attorneys’ work
long before that time.
Plaintiffs also argue that the statute of limitations does not bar their claim because
of Attorneys’ fraudulent concealment. “When the plaintiff obtains information that
would lead to the discovery of the cause of action through ordinary diligence, the statute
of limitations begins to run, regardless of any fraudulent concealment perpetrated by
defendant.” Doe v. United Methodist Church, 673 N.E.2d 839, 844 (Ind. Ct. App. 1996),
trans. denied. Even if Attorneys’ fraudulently concealed their error, Plaintiffs were still
aware of the issues by the summer of 2006, and their March 2009 complaint was
untimely. Consequently, we conclude that Plaintiffs’ claim was barred by the statute of
limitations.
Conclusion
The trial court properly granted summary judgment to Attorneys because
Plaintiffs’ attorney malpractice claim was barred by the statute of limitations. We affirm.
Affirmed.
BAKER, J., and RILEY, J., concur.
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