Ronald Weaver v. State of Indiana (mem. dec.)

MEMORANDUM DECISION
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),
this Memorandum Decision shall not be FILED
regarded as precedent or cited before any Jun 18 2018, 8:52 am
court except for the purpose of establishing CLERK
the defense of res judicata, collateral Indiana Supreme Court
Court of Appeals
and Tax Court
estoppel, or the law of the case.
APPELLANT PRO SE ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Ronald Weaver Curtis T. Hill, Jr.
Bunker Hill, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana
Lee M. Stoy, Jr.
Deputy Attorney General
Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE
COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
Ronald Weaver, June 18, 2018
Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Case No.
20A04-1707-CR-1580
v. Appeal from the Elkhart Superior
Court
State of Indiana, The Honorable Teresa Cataldo,
Appellee-Plaintiff. Judge
Trial Court Cause No.
20D03-0906-FA-32
Robb, Judge.
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Case Summary and Issue
[1] In 2012, Ronald Weaver pleaded guilty to dealing in methamphetamine, a
Class A felony, and was sentenced to thirty years in the Indiana Department of
Correction (“DOC”) to be followed by ten years of probation. In 2017, Weaver
filed a motion to reduce or suspend his sentence or to be placed in community
corrections or the Purposeful Incarceration Program. Weaver now appeals the
denial of his motion, raising two issues which we consolidate and restate as
whether the trial court erred in denying his motion to modify his sentence.
Concluding the trial court did not err in denying Weaver’s motion, we affirm.
Facts and Procedural History
[2] Weaver was charged in June 2009 with dealing in methamphetamine, a Class A
felony. In April 2012, Weaver pleaded guilty as charged pursuant to an
agreement with the State that the executed portion of his sentence would not
exceed thirty years and that the parties were free to argue placement. In June
2012, the trial court sentenced Weaver to forty years with ten years suspended
to probation.
[3] On May 19, 2017, Weaver, acting pro se, filed a Motion for Modification of
Sentence and/or Allowing Participation in the Purposeful Incarceration
Project. Weaver alleged therein that while imprisoned, he had treated his
addiction, honed his life skills, modeled lawful behavior, and developed a
structured plan for life after his release. He also alleged that under the 2014
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criminal code revision, he would have been charged with a lesser felony which
would have carried a lesser sentencing range. He asked to have his sentence
modified to community corrections placement or to be placed in a therapeutic
community through the Purposeful Incarceration Program. The trial court
ordered the Miami Correctional Facility where Weaver was incarcerated to
prepare and file a progress report. After receiving the report and without
holding a hearing, the trial court denied Weaver’s motion on June 20, 2017,1
finding:
[Weaver] would not be a viable candidate for the Purposeful
Incarceration Program due to the fact that his outdate is 2025.
Court further finds that due to the fact that [Weaver] has suffered
a conduct violation while incarcerated, he is not an appropriate
candidate for modification at this time.
[Appellant’s] Amended Appendix, Volume 3 at 32. Weaver now appeals.
Discussion and Decision
Sentence Modification
[4] Indiana Code section 35-38-1-17 applies to a person who committed an offense
and was sentenced prior to July 1, 2014. Ind. Code § 35-38-1-17(a). Because
1
Twice, the State misstated this date as June 20, 2016. See Brief of Appellee at 4, 6. Attention to detail is an
important aspect of drafting briefs and aids in our review of cases.
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Weaver committed his crime in June 2009 and was sentenced in June 2012,
section 35-38-1-17 applies to him.2 Section 35-38-1-17 further provides,
(e) At any time after:
(1) a convicted person begins serving the person’s sentence; and
(2) the court obtains a report from the department of correction
concerning the convicted person’s conduct while imprisoned;
the court may reduce or suspend the sentence and impose a
sentence that the court was authorized to impose at the time of
sentencing. The court must incorporate its reasons in the record.
***
(h) The court may deny a request to suspend or reduce a sentence
under this section without making written findings and
conclusions.
Ind. Code § 35-38-1-17(e), (h). We review a trial court’s decision on a motion
to modify a sentence for an abuse of discretion. Newson v. State, 86 N.E.3d 173,
174 (Ind. Ct. App. 2017), trans. denied. An abuse of discretion occurs when the
trial court’s decision is clearly against the logic and effect of the facts and
circumstances before it or it misinterprets the law. Id.[5] To the extent Weaver argues that provisions of the revised criminal code should
play any part in the consideration of whether his sentence should be modified,
he is mistaken. See Ind. Code § 1-1-5.5-21 (stating the 2014 criminal code
revision does not apply to any penalties incurred, crimes committed, or
proceedings begun before its effective date and the doctrine of amelioration
2
“If after sentencing, a defendant requests to modify his placement and be allowed to serve his sentence in a
community corrections program, this is a request for a modification of sentenced under Ind. Code § 35-38-1-
17.” Keys v. State, 746 N.E.2d 405, 407 (Ind. Ct. App. 2001).
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specifically does not apply). “The time of a crime is selected as an act of free
will by the offender, and, thus, it is the criminal, not the State, that chooses
which statute applies to his or her offense.” Whittaker v. State, 33 N.E.3d 1063,
1067 (Ind. Ct. App. 2015) (alterations omitted).3 Weaver committed his crime
in 2009 and the provisions of the revised criminal code therefore have no effect
on his proceeding.
[6] With respect to Weaver’s request to modify his placement from DOC to
community corrections, Weaver focuses on his “exemplary rehabilitative
efforts” while incarcerated and asserts he is therefore “entitled” to the relief he
seeks. Brief of Petitioner-Appellant at 12. We commend Weaver for using his
time while incarcerated to better himself; however, sentence modification is
within the discretion of the trial court and no petitioner is entitled to
modification. See Marshall v. State, 563 N.E.2d 1341, 1343-44 (Ind. Ct. App.
1990) (“[T]he mere fact that the process of rehabilitation, the purpose of
incarceration, may have started, does not compel a reduction or other
modification in . . . sentence.”), trans. denied. Here, as Weaver himself
acknowledges, the trial court’s reason for denying his motion to modify—that
he had a conduct report on his record—is true. See Br. of Petitioner-Appellant
at 11. Although Weaver has but one conduct report for a DOC rules violation
3
In his reply brief, Weaver invokes the Fifth, Thirteenth, and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States
Constitution, as well as Indiana Appellate Rule 7(B). Because Weaver made no argument under these laws
in his opening brief, any argument pertaining to those laws is waived. Perryman v. State, 80 N.E.3d 234, 246
n.3 (Ind. Ct. App. 2017).
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since his sentencing five years ago, he nevertheless committed a rules violation
and the trial court did not abuse its discretion in citing that history as a basis for
denying Weaver’s request to modify his placement.
[7] With respect to Weaver’s request to participate in the Purposeful Incarceration
Program, the trial court determined he was not a viable candidate for that
program at this time. Purposeful Incarceration is a “sentencing order that
judges can use in situations where the judge is committed to modifying a
sentence upon the offender’s successful completion of [a DOC] Addiction
Recovery Treatment Program.” Purposeful Incarceration FAQ,
https://www.in.gov/idoc/files/PI%20FAQ%20Updated%2012.15.pdf (last
visited June 7, 2018). When sentencing a chemically addicted offender, if a
court documents that it will consider a sentence modification should the
offender successfully complete a DOC therapeutic community, the program
then assesses the offender and only admits persons who meet the substance
abuse admission criteria. Id.4
[8] It is clear from the trial court’s order that it is not presently willing to consider a
sentence modification given the length of time Weaver still has to serve.
Moreover, the court can only make a recommendation that an offender be
admitted to the program. “If it is determined during the offender’s assessment
. . . that the offender does not need substance abuse treatment or is
4
Therapeutic communities “provide intensive substance abuse treatment . . . [and] hold the offenders highly
accountable.” Purposeful Incarceration, https://www.in.gov/idoc/2798.htm (last visited June 7, 2018).
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inappropriate for treatment, the offender will be denied admission.” Purposeful
Incarceration FAQ,
https://www.in.gov/idoc/files/PI%20FAQ%20Updated%2012.15.pdf (last
visited June 7, 2018). Weaver has been imprisoned for over five years at this
point, and he alleges that the education he has received while incarcerated “led
to acceptance of responsibility for his actions, and provided successful treatment
for his addiction as it has altered his way of thinking . . . .” [Appellant’s]
Amended App., Volume 3 at 4 (emphasis added). Based on this assertion,
Weaver does not make a compelling case that he would meet the criteria to
participate in the program even if the trial court was willing to recommend it.
[9] Any leniency in sentencing is a matter of grace, not a matter of right. See Knecht
v. State, 85 N.E.3d 829, 839 (Ind. Ct. App. 2017) (discussing probation); Johnson
v. State, 62 N.E.3d 1224, 1229 (Ind. Ct. App. 2016) (discussing community
corrections). The trial court was not required to recommend Weaver to the
Purposeful Incarceration Program and did not abuse its discretion in declining
to do so.
Conclusion
[10] The trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying Weaver’s motion to
modify his sentence or to recommend placement in the Purposeful
Incarceration Program. Accordingly, the judgment of the trial court is affirmed.
[11] Affirmed.
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Najam, J., and Altice, J., concur.
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