Martin E. Rogness v. Roberta L. Rogness (mem. dec.)

MEMORANDUM DECISION
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this
Memorandum Decision shall not be regarded as Feb 10 2015, 10:45 am
precedent or cited before any court except for the
purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata,
collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE
Robert H. Little David E. Baum
Brookston, Indiana Chesterton, Indiana
IN THE
COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
Martin E. Rogness, February 10, 2015
Appellant-Petitioner, Court of Appeals Cause No.
91A04-1405-DR-211
v. Appeal from the White Circuit
Court.
Roberta L. Rogness, The Honorable Robert W. Thacker,
Judge.
Appellee-Respondent. Cause No. 91C01-1109-DR-130
Riley, Judge.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision | 91A04-1405-DR-211 | February 10, 2015 Page 1 of 20
STATEMENT OF THE CASE
[1] Appellant-Petitioner, Martin E. Rogness (Husband) appeals the trial court’s
division of marital property in the dissolution of his marriage to Appellee-
Respondent, Roberta L. Rogness (Wife).
[2] We affirm in part, reverse in part, and remand.
ISSUES
[3] Husband raises four issues on appeal, which we consolidate and restate as the
following two issues:
(1) Whether the trial court erred in its division of the marital estate; and
(2) Whether the trial court abused its discretion in its valuation of a tract of real
estate.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
[4] Husband and Wife were married on November 16, 1986. Until a disabling
back injury necessitated his retirement, Husband worked as a police officer for
the City of Portage in Porter County, Indiana. Wife was employed by Porter
County as a court reporter. The marriage produced no children, but Wife has
two adult children from a prior marriage.
[5] Early in the marriage, Husband’s mother procured the necessary licenses to
open a new tavern, the Sportsman’s Lounge, in Valparaiso, Indiana. Husband
primarily operated the business, but at various times Wife assisted with
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision | 91A04-1405-DR-211 | February 10, 2015 Page 2 of 20
bookkeeping and bartending. Upon his mother’s death in 1999, Husband
inherited the Sportsman’s Lounge.
[6] Then, in 2001, Husband was diagnosed with lung cancer as a result of being
exposed to asbestos in the course of his employment with the United States
Steel Corporation many years earlier. In August of that year, Husband and
Wife filed a negligence lawsuit against Husband’s former employer and fifty-
nine other companies that manufactured, distributed, or installed asbestos-
containing products. The lawsuit resulted in a net settlement of $307,291.51.
[7] At the time they married, Husband and Wife each owned their own homes, and
Husband also owned five duplexes. Throughout the course of their marriage,
Husband and Wife accumulated more than twenty additional tracts of real
estate, most of which were used as rental properties. To manage their rental
business, they established Rogness Investments, Inc. Husband and Wife also
partnered with Wife’s son to form Rogness Construction, Inc. With the
exception of the marital residence, 157 York Circle in Valparaiso (York Circle
Property), and 412 Sassafras in Valparaiso (Sassafras Property), titles to the
parties’ remaining properties were held by either Rogness Investments or
Rogness Construction.
[8] On September 21, 2011, after nearly twenty-five years of marriage, Husband
filed a petition to dissolve the marriage. Within several months of Husband
filing the petition for dissolution, foreclosure proceedings were initiated against
the York Circle Property and the Sassafras Property. In February of 2012, a
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision | 91A04-1405-DR-211 | February 10, 2015 Page 3 of 20
receiver was appointed to manage the Sportsman’s Lounge and the rental
properties. On June 6, 2013, a judgment of foreclosure was entered against
Husband and Wife for the Sassafras Property for $108,559.98. Then on
October 17, 2013, a judgment of foreclosure was entered on the York Circle
Property in the amount of $298,712.97. The Porter County Sheriff was directed
to sell the properties. Per the parties’ agreement, the receivership was
terminated on December 20, 2012.
[9] On October 29-30, 2013, the trial court conducted the final hearing of the
divorce proceedings. Husband and Wife submitted a stipulation as to the
values of the bulk of their marital assets, but they disputed the values of the
Sportsman’s Lounge and their lake house, 5098 Highland Cove, Monticello,
Indiana (Highland Cove Property), as well as how the marital estate should be
divided. On January 30, 2014, the trial court entered its Decree of Dissolution
and Final Judgment and Property Settlement Order, granting the divorce and
ordering a distribution of the marital assets that would result “slightly in
additional amounts for the Husband.” (Appellant’s App. p. 31).
[10] On February 28, 2014, Husband filed a Motion to Correct Error. In part, he
alleged that the trial court erred by failing to order Wife to reimburse Husband
for his half of the money she misappropriated and by failing to consider the
income generated by the rental properties as part of its division. On April 9,
2014, the trial court conducted a hearing and, except for a nunc pro tunc
correction of a clerical error, denied Husband’s motion.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision | 91A04-1405-DR-211 | February 10, 2015 Page 4 of 20
[11] Husband now appeals. Additional facts will be provided as necessary.
DISCUSSION AND DECISION
I. Standard of Review
[12] In this case, the trial court issued special findings of fact and conclusions
thereon pursuant to Indiana Trial Rule 52(A). Therefore, our court “shall not
set aside the findings or judgment unless clearly erroneous, and due regard shall
be given to the opportunity of the trial court to judge the credibility of the
witnesses.” Ind. Trial Rule 52(A). On review, our court will find clear error
only if the evidence is insufficient—either directly or by inference—to support
the findings or if the findings are insufficient to support the judgment. Capehart
v. Capehart, 705 N.E.2d 533, 536 (Ind. Ct. App. 1999), reh’g denied; trans. denied.
[13] Additionally, in a dissolution proceeding, trial courts are vested with broad
discretion over matters concerning the disposition of the marital estate.
Alexander v. Alexander, 927 N.E.2d 926, 933 (Ind. Ct. App. 2010), trans. denied.
As such, our court employs “a strict standard of review.” Smith v. Smith, 854
N.E.2d 1, 5 (Ind. Ct. App. 2006). We presume “that the trial court considered
and complied with the applicable law.” Alexander, 927 N.E.2d at 933. The
party challenging the trial court’s determination bears the burden of overcoming
this presumption, which “is one of the strongest presumptions applicable to our
consideration on appeal.” Id. Accordingly, “we will reverse a property
distribution only if there is no rational basis for the award.” Smith, 854 N.E.2d
at 6. We will consider only the evidence most favorable to the trial court’s
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision | 91A04-1405-DR-211 | February 10, 2015 Page 5 of 20
judgment and will neither reweigh evidence nor reassess the credibility of
witnesses. Perkins v. Harding, 836 N.E.2d 295, 299 (Ind. Ct. App. 2005).
II. Division of Marital Estate
[14] Husband claims that the trial court erred in its division of the marital property.
In calculating and distributing marital property, Indiana courts utilize a “‘one-
pot’ theory.” Id. (quoting Fobar v. Vonderahe, 771 N.E.2d 57, 58 (Ind. 2002)).
Specifically,
[i]n an action for dissolution of marriage . . . , the court shall divide the
property of the parties, whether:
(1) owned by either spouse before the marriage;
(2) acquired by either spouse in his or her own right:
(A) after the marriage; and
(B) before final separation of the parties; or
(3) acquired by their joint efforts.
Ind. Code § 31-15-7-4(a). The one-pot method ensures that all marital property
is “subject to the trial court’s power to divide and award.” Hill v. Hill, 863
N.E.2d 456, 460 (Ind. Ct. App. 2007). Marital property includes both the assets
and liabilities of the spouses. Capehart, 705 N.E.2d at 536.
[15] Indiana law requires that the distribution of the marital pot between the spouses
be accomplished “in a just and reasonable manner.” I.C. § 31-15-7-4(b). “The
court shall presume that an equal division of the marital property between the
parties is just and reasonable.” I.C. § 31-15-7-5. This presumption may be
rebutted with evidence regarding the following factors:
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision | 91A04-1405-DR-211 | February 10, 2015 Page 6 of 20
(1) The contribution of each spouse to the acquisition of the property,
regardless of whether the contribution was income producing.
(2) The extent to which the property was acquired by each spouse:
(A) before the marriage; or
(B) through inheritance or gift.
(3) The economic circumstances of each spouse at the time the
disposition of the property is to become effective, including the
desirability of awarding the family residence or the right to dwell in the
family residence for such periods as the court considers just to the
spouse having custody of any children.
(4) The conduct of the parties during the marriage as related to the
disposition or dissipation of their property.
(5) The earnings or earning ability of the parties as related to:
(A) a final division of property; and
(B) a final determination of the property rights of the parties.
I.C. § 31-15-7-5. If, based on a consideration of these factors, the trial court
determines that an unequal distribution is warranted, it must “set[] forth its
reasons for so doing.” Maloblocki v. Maloblocki, 646 N.E.2d 358, 362 (Ind. Ct.
App. 1995).
[16] In this case, the trial court determined “that the presumption of an equal
division of property has been rebutted . . . , and based upon the evidence
presented, a fair and equitable division of the marital property would result
slightly in additional amounts for the Husband.” (Appellant’s App. pp. 30-31).
In making this decision, the trial court considered several of the factors
enumerated in Indiana Code section 31-15-7-5, including that
both parties owned real estate prior to their marriage, the Husband
received property (real property and cash) as an inheritance from his
mother, the parties received a large monetary settlement as a result of
the Husband’s mesotheliom[]a, the Husband is disabled, and the
parties’ assets are dissipated and used for the benefit of the Wife’s
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision | 91A04-1405-DR-211 | February 10, 2015 Page 7 of 20
children from a prior marriage and the Wife’s actions in hiding those
assets.
(Appellant’s App. p. 30).
A. Unequal Distribution
[17] Husband contends that the trial court committed reversible error because its
property distribution improperly favors Wife. We will uphold an unequal
distribution unless the trial court’s justifications for the deviation “are clearly
against the logic and effect of the facts and circumstances before the court.”
Maloblocki, 646 N.E.2d at 362-63. Here, neither party challenges the trial
court’s determination that an unequal division is justified; rather, they dispute
whether the trial court actually effectuated the distribution in favor of Husband
as it intended.
[18] In its Decree of Dissolution, the trial court neither calculated the gross marital
estate nor calculated the total value of each party’s share; nor did it fix the
specific percentage of the estate that each party was to receive. See Montgomery
v. Faust, 910 N.E.2d 234, 238 (Ind. Ct. App. 2009) (“It is not enough for a trial
court to simply say that its distribution is ‘unequal’; just as important is exactly
how unequal the distribution is.”). “Appellate courts are ill-equipped to
determine the value of specific assets or of the total marital estate in the first
instance, so it is vital to our review to have the trial court do so.” Id.
Nevertheless, we recognize that, in the present case, the trial court would have
struggled to assign a value to the gross marital estate in light of the parties’
failure to present specific evidence of value for a significant number of their
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision | 91A04-1405-DR-211 | February 10, 2015 Page 8 of 20
assets. See Perkins, 836 N.E.2d at 301-02. Instead, the trial court distributed the
assets and liabilities item by item, assigning values only where the parties had
submitted evidence thereof.
[19] Based on the findings, it appears that the trial court awarded $709,218.82 to
Husband, excluding his PERF Disability Pension and social security disability
benefits,1 and $790,644.71 to Wife. This results in a division of 52.7% of the
marital estate to Wife and only 47.3% to Husband, which is clearly inconsistent
with the trial court’s determination that any deviation from an equal division
should favor Husband.
[20] Although Wife agrees with the trial court’s findings, she disputes Husband’s
computation of the net value of five of the properties that she was awarded:
392 Clear Creek, 609 Osage, 766-1 Governor, 739 Juniper, and 5155 Sherwin.
She notes that “[t]he parties stipulated that the unencumbered value of these real
1
Wife contends that Husband’s PERF Disability Pension and social security disability benefits must be
included in the marital pot. Unlike an ordinary retirement pension, a disability income benefit is not
generally considered marital property, but it may be calculated as marital property “to the extent that either
marital assets were used to acquire the future income or the income is future compensation for past services,
as opposed to replacement for lost earning capacity due to disability.” Severs v. Severs, 837 N.E.2d 498, 499-
500 (Ind. 2005). Here, the record does not reveal whether Husband made voluntary contributions to an
employer-sponsored program, i.e., his PERF Disability Pension, to support its inclusion in the marital pot.
See Jendreas v. Jendreas, 664 N.E.2d 367, 371 (Ind. Ct. App. 1996), trans. denied. As to his social security
disability benefits, our supreme court has conclusively established that these are not marital assets and are
thus not subject to distribution. See Severs, 837 N.E.2d at 501.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision | 91A04-1405-DR-211 | February 10, 2015 Page 9 of 20
properties, as a group, on the date of dissolution was $420,000.” (Appellee’s
Br. p. 18). They further stipulated that these properties are collateral for a
$219,600 line of credit debt held by Rogness Construction. Thus, she argues
that because “there was a $219,600 lien . . . the actual unencumbered net value
of the real property at the time of dissolution was only $200,400.00”—not
$310,200 as Husband asserts. (Appellee’s Br. p. 19). Utilizing Wife’s figures,
her share of the estate would be reduced by $109,800, resulting in a 51%-49%
split in Husband’s favor, which she asserts is consistent with the trial court’s
findings. However, we disagree with Wife’s calculation.
[21] In the Decree of Dissolution, Wife received a 50% ownership interest in
Rogness Construction; her son owns the other 50%. The trial court ordered
Husband to transfer title to the five aforementioned tracts from Rogness
Investments to Wife—not to Rogness Construction. Even though Wife’s
personal real estate secures the entire $219,600 line of credit, pursuant to their
business partnership, Wife’s son is presumably liable for one-half of the
company’s debt—or $109,800. Thus, as the trial court found, only $109,800 of
the line of credit is considered a marital debt, which has the net effect of
reducing the value of the marital asset to $310,200.
[22] “When dividing marital property, the trial court must come close to the
attempted apportionment otherwise the findings will not support the
judgment.” In re Marriage of Pulley, 652 N.E.2d 528, 531 (Ind. Ct. App. 1995),
trans. denied. Because the trial court concluded that “a fair and equitable
division of the marital property would result slightly in additional amounts for
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision | 91A04-1405-DR-211 | February 10, 2015 Page 10 of 20
the Husband” but the actual effect is 52.7% to 47.3% in Wife’s favor, we must
remand with instructions for the trial court to either execute a property division
that is consistent with its findings or to enter additional findings that justify its
current distribution. (Appellant’s App. pp. 30-31).2
B. Indiana Code Section 35-15-7-5 Factors
[23] Notwithstanding the fact that the trial court resolved to accord a larger share of
the marital estate to him, Husband contends that the trial court abused its
discretion by failing to adequately address all of the factors that would justify a
disparate award. In particular, he asserts that the trial court’s apportionment of
the estate does not take into account the value of the property that he brought
into the marriage or the impact of the mesothelioma settlement proceeds. Wife,
in turn, posits that “Husband wholly fails to recognize or even take into
consideration the entire property distribution and the remaining assets that were
awarded to him from the marital estate.” (Appellee’s Br. p. 6).
[24] On appeal, our court acts under the presumption that the trial court considered
the evidence in its entirety and “properly applied the statutory factors.” Helm v.
Helm, 873 N.E.2d 83, 90 (Ind. Ct. App. 2007). As such, we presume that the
2
Although we have determined that a remand is necessary, we must address Husband’s remaining claims as
they will continue to be at issue on remand.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision | 91A04-1405-DR-211 | February 10, 2015 Page 11 of 20
trial court did “not rely on just one of the factors listed in Indiana Code section
31-15-7-5” but instead considered “the factors ‘in conjunction with relevant
evidence regarding other statutorily prescribed factors, and with any evidence
demonstrating additional reasons that an unequal distribution would be just and
reasonable.’” Id. The trial court is under no obligation to address any factors
that are not implicated by the evidence. Id.
1. Value of Pre-Marital Property
[25] First, Husband argues that “the value of the property [that he] brought into the
marriage at the time . . . of the Final Hearing was approximately $600,000[,]”
which, “in and of itself, justified a greater deviation from a 50/50 division.”
(Appellant’s Br. p. 11). Pursuant to Indiana Code section 31-15-7-5(2), a trial
court may stray from the presumptive division of marital property if it finds that
one spouse contributed more property to the marriage. However, nothing in
this statute “suggests that the trial court must deviate from the traditional 50/50
split simply because one party presents evidence that he or she owned certain
assets prior to marriage.” Bertholet v. Bertholet, 725 N.E.2d 487, 495 (Ind. Ct.
App. 2000).
[26] In the present case, the trial court found:
At the time the parties married, the Husband resided at and owned 409
West 600 North, Valparaiso, Indiana, and also owned four duplexes
located at 3344-46, 3345-47, 3348-50, and 3349-51 Ashland, Portage,
Indiana, and a duplex at 5155 Sherwin, Portage, Indiana. Such real
estate was free and clear of any indebtedness at the time of the
marriage. Mortgages were obtained against several of these properties
during the marriage.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision | 91A04-1405-DR-211 | February 10, 2015 Page 12 of 20
At the time the parties married, the Wife resided at and owned 774-1
Fox River Road, Valparaiso, Indiana. Such real estate was free and
clear of any indebtedness at the time of the marriage. A mortgage was
obtained against this property during the marriage.
(Appellant’s App. p. 18). The court also specified that it considered the fact
that “both parties owned real estate prior to their marriage” in deciding that the
distribution should favor Husband. (Appellant’s App. p. 30).
[27] We find that Husband’s argument that he is entitled to a larger share of the
marital estate because “the net relative equity brought into the marriage by
[him] would amount to approximately $500,000” is simply a request to reweigh
evidence, which we decline to do. (Appellant’s Br. p. 11). “While it is true that
the trial court must consider a spouse’s contribution of prior acquired property,
that is but one factor for review and is entitled to no special weight.” Bertholet,
725 N.E.2d at 496. Here, the trial court clearly contemplated the spouses’
respective property contributions in determining that Husband should receive
“slightly . . . additional amounts[,]” which is all that Indiana Code section 31-
15-7-5 requires it to do. (Appellant’s App. p. 31). Accordingly, we find no
abuse of discretion.
2. Mesothelioma Settlement Proceeds
[28] Second, Husband argues that it was an abuse of discretion to “award[] the
property that benefited from the mesothelioma settlement to the [W]ife.”
(Appellant’s Br. p. 12). Husband and Wife’s 2001 lawsuit resulted in a
settlement with forty-one of the defendants for a net award of $307,291.51. At
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision | 91A04-1405-DR-211 | February 10, 2015 Page 13 of 20
the final hearing, both Husband and Wife testified that, during the marriage,
they used the majority of these funds to pay down the mortgages on several of
their rental properties. Husband now claims “that most, if not all, of the
$307,291.51 proceeds (represented by three unencumbered properties) should
have been set over to the Husband over and above a 50/50 division of other
marital assets.” (Appellant’s Br. p. 12).
[29] In its Decree of Dissolution, the trial court specifically found that a deviation
was warranted because “the parties received a large monetary settlement as a
result of the Husband’s mesotheliom[]a” and because “Husband is disabled.”
(Appellant’s App. p. 30). The trial court determined “that the Husband shall
receive, as his sole and separate property, all future net settlement proceeds that
may be received as a result of the legal action.” (Appellant’s App. p. 24).
Because the trial court considered the mesothelioma settlement as a factor
justifying an unequal division, Husband assumes—without offering any support
for his position—that he is necessarily entitled to receive the properties that
directly benefited from the mesothelioma settlement. We disagree.
[30] At the time of the final hearing, all but five of the properties held by Rogness
Investments were subject to a mortgage. The trial court allocated four of them,
valued at $260,000, to Wife and only one, valued at $100,000, to Husband.
Despite his claim that these tracts were all, at some point, encumbered by
mortgages that were paid off with the mesothelioma funds, Husband presented
no evidence to demonstrate the extent to which these five specific properties—
and only these five properties—benefited from the mesothelioma proceeds.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision | 91A04-1405-DR-211 | February 10, 2015 Page 14 of 20
Moreover, in determining whether a trial court has made a just and reasonable
award, we must consider its “disposition of marital property ‘as a whole, not
item by item.’” Perkins, 836 N.E.2d at 299. So long as a trial court includes all
marital assets in the marital pot, it has the discretion to decide whether to
award an asset solely to one spouse or to apportion it between them. Wanner v.
Hutchcroft, 888 N.E.2d 260, 263 (Ind. Ct. App. 2008). Because each spouse is
entitled only to a just and reasonable share of the marital pot, not a specific
share, we cannot say that it was an abuse of discretion for the trial court to
award Wife with a portion of the real property simply because it may have
benefited from the mesothelioma settlement proceeds.
C. Revenue of Rental Properties
[31] Husband also contends that the trial court abused its discretion in dividing the
marital property by “fail[ing] to take into consideration whether each property
was mortgaged or unmortgaged, resulting in a significantly unequal division of
the net revenue.” (Appellant’s Br. p. 16). In particular, Husband asserts that
whereas he was awarded only one unencumbered property, Wife received four
tracts that are “free and clear” of any mortgages, which provided her with “a
significantly larger portion of the rental business and the revenue therefrom.”
(Appellant’s Br. p. 16).
[32] We first note that the parties stipulated to the value of the majority of the rental
properties and did not present evidence to demonstrate the cash flow thereof.
As a result, Husband may not now challenge the values based on discrepancies
in revenue generation. See Perkins, 836 N.E.2d at 302. Furthermore, contrary
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision | 91A04-1405-DR-211 | February 10, 2015 Page 15 of 20
to Husband’s position that “the impact of dividing income-producing marital
assets in a dissolution” is a matter of first impression, in Indiana, it is well
established “that ‘future earnings are not considered part of the marital estate
for purposes of property division.’” Severs, 837 N.E.2d at 499 (quoting Beckley v.
Beckley, 822 N.E.2d 158, 160 (Ind. 2005)); (Appellant’s Br. p. 17).
[33] Our court has previously established that in “dividing the property, the court
considers the value of the property owned by either spouse before marriage,
acquired by either spouse in his or her own right before final separation, or
acquired by the spouses’ joint efforts, but not the future income the marital property
will produce after the dissolution.” Smith, 854 N.E.2d at 6. On occasion, Indiana
courts have found “that certain rights to future payment constitute ‘property’ to
be included in a marital estate.” Helm, 873 N.E.2d at 88. However, in those
instances, the party’s interest in the future payment was vested. Id. Because
Wife’s ability to generate income from her share of the rental properties is
contingent upon her decision to continue leasing and her ability to maintain
tenant occupancy, we find no vested interest in this income. See id.
Accordingly, the trial court did not abuse its discretion.
D. Attorney Fees
[34] Next, Husband contends that the trial court erred in its division of the marital
estate by allowing Wife to use marital assets to pay $5,000 in attorney fees.
Particularly, based on the trial court’s directive that “[e]ach party shall pay and
be responsible for his or her own attorney fees[,]” Husband contends that the
trial court should have ordered her to reimburse him for one-half of these fees.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision | 91A04-1405-DR-211 | February 10, 2015 Page 16 of 20
(Appellant’s App. p. 30). In its Decree of Dissolution, the trial court found that
“Wife removed a $26,000.00 check that she found in the safe at the Sportsman’s
Lounge. She delivered the check to her prior attorney. She then used $5,000.00
to pay the retainer fee for her current attorney, and the remaining $21,000.00
was delivered to the receiver.” (Appellant’s App. p. 27). Similarly, the trial
court found that Husband improperly retained $2,288 in rental income that he
was required to turn over to the receiver.
[35] Based on its findings, we presume that the trial court included these depleted
assets as part of the marital pot. See Alexander, 927 N.E.2d at 933. The trial
court’s findings do not indicate that either party’s misuse of marital assets was
to be charged against their shares of the estate or that Wife should reimburse
Husband for the difference. Accordingly, we can infer that the trial court
intended the parties to equally share the depleted assets, which would have no
impact on the overall apportionment of the estate. See I.C. § 31-15-7-4(b). In its
discretion, the trial court could still have considered Wife’s expenditure of the
$5,000 as a factor that weighed in favor of Husband receiving a larger
distribution of marital property. See I.C. § 31-15-7-5(4). Because the trial court
need only effectuate a just and reasonable distribution of the marital estate as a
whole, it is not an abuse of discretion to accomplish its division without
requiring Wife to reimburse Husband for one-half of her attorney fees. See In re
Marriage of Sloss, 526 N.E.2d 1036, 1040 (Ind. Ct. App. 1988) (“The only
requirement of distribution of assets and liabilities is one of reasonableness.”).
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision | 91A04-1405-DR-211 | February 10, 2015 Page 17 of 20
III. Valuation of the Highland Cove Property
[36] Lastly, Husband claims that the trial court’s valuation of the Highland Cove
Property is unsupported by the record. In a dissolution proceeding, the trial
court has broad discretion in valuing the marital property. Reese v. Reese, 671
N.E.2d 187, 191 (Ind. Ct. App. 1996), trans. denied. It is an abuse of discretion
if “there is no evidence in the record supporting its decision to assign a
particular value to a marital asset.” Thompson v. Thompson, 811 N.E.2d 888,
917 (Ind. Ct. App. 2004), reh’g denied; trans. denied.
[37] Although the parties stipulated to the fact that the Highland Cove Property was
subject to a mortgage debt of $172,000, they disputed its value. During the final
hearing, Husband submitted a comparative market analysis as evidence of
value. Using a comparable pricing method, the analysis proffered a “Suggested
List Price” of $179,066.67. (Husband’s Exh. 7, p. 2). On the other hand, Wife
tendered an appraisal that was completed in December of 2010, which
suggested a market value of $342,500. In its Decree of Dissolution, the trial
court found that “neither the appraisal nor the market analysis is a conclusive
determination of value, and that the Highland Cove [P]roperty, including the
adjoining lot, has a total fair market value of approximately $300,000.00, with a
mortgage balance of $172,000.00 for a net fair market value of approximately
$128,000.00.” (Appellant’s App. p. 19). The trial court awarded the Highland
Cove Property to Husband.
[38] Our court has previously upheld a trial court’s determination of value where it
“was within the range of values supportable by the evidence.” Sanjari v. Sanjari,
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision | 91A04-1405-DR-211 | February 10, 2015 Page 18 of 20
755 N.E.2d 1186, 1191-92 (Ind. Ct. App. 2001). In this case, the trial court’s
valuation of $300,000 falls squarely within the range of the parties’ evidence.
Nonetheless, Husband asserts that because Wife’s appraisal was obtained
nearly a year before he filed the petition for dissolution, the trial court could not
permissibly consider it as evidence of the Highland Cove Property’s value.
Husband therefore insists that the trial court was obligated to assign a value of
$179,066.67 based on the only remaining evidence of value—his comparative
market analysis. When reduced by the mortgage debt, this award would
constitute an asset to Husband worth only $7,066.67.
[39] A trial court has discretion to choose the particular date on which to value the
property. Reese, 671 N.E.2d at 191. The trial court abuses its discretion by “not
selecting a date between the dissolution petition filing date and the final hearing
date.” Trackwell v. Trackwell, 740 N.E.2d 582, 584 (Ind. Ct. App. 2000), trans.
dismissed. Here, even though Wife submitted an appraisal that is dated prior to
the final separation date, there is no indication that the trial court valued the
Highland Cove Property at $300,000 based on a valuation date that preceded
the filing date. See Thompson, 811 N.E.2d at 919. During the final hearing,
Husband asked Wife whether she “believe[d] that [the appraisals] accurately
portray what these properties are worth today[,]” and she answered
affirmatively. (Transcript p. 195). In addition, the trial court found that
Husband had obtained his market analysis “for purposes of trial.” (Appellant’s
App. p. 19). From this evidence, we are able to infer that the trial court chose
to value the Highland Cove Property as of the date of the final hearing.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision | 91A04-1405-DR-211 | February 10, 2015 Page 19 of 20
Because the trial court selected a value within the range of evidence, we find no
abuse of discretion in its valuation of the Highland Cove Property.
CONCLUSION
[40] Based on the foregoing, we conclude that the trial court erred in its division of
the marital estate, and we remand with instructions for the trial court to either
execute a property division that is consistent with its findings or to enter
additional findings that justify its current distribution. We further conclude that
the trial court acted within its discretion in its consideration of the statutory
factors governing its distribution and in its valuation of the Highland Cove
Property.
[41] Affirmed in part, reversed in part, and remanded with instructions.
Vaidik, C. J. and Baker, J. concur
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision | 91A04-1405-DR-211 | February 10, 2015 Page 20 of 20