Dheeraj Gulati v. Twinkle Gujral

Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this
Memorandum Decision shall not be
regarded as precedent or cited before any Jul 23 2013, 6:20 am
court except for the purpose of establishing
the defense of res judicata, collateral
estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: PRO SE APPELLEE:
MELANIE REICHERT TWINKLE GUJRAL
Broyles Kight & Ricafort, P.C. Fishers, Indiana
Huntington, Indiana
IN THE
COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
DHEERAJ GULATI, )
)
Appellant-Petitioner, )
)
vs. ) No. 29A02-1301-DR-144
)
TWINKLE GUJRAL, )
)
Appellee-Respondent. )
APPEAL FROM THE HAMILTON CIRCUIT COURT
The Honorable Paul A. Felix, Judge
Cause No. 29C01-1107-DR-6405
July 23, 2013
MEMORANDUM DECISION - NOT FOR PUBLICATION
KIRSCH, Judge
Dheeraj Gulati (“Father”) appeals that portion of the trial court’s decree of dissolution
(“Decree”) concerning international travel with the parties’ minor child, E.G., raising the
following restated issue: whether the Decree’s provision stating that either parent may travel
internationally with the child for up to two weeks constituted a limitation on Father’s
parenting time and was an abuse of discretion.
We affirm.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
Father and Twinkle Gujral (“Mother”) were married on December 14, 2004. Both
parties, while of Indian origin, are United States citizens. They have one child together,
E.G., born in June 2009. Father and Mother separated in July 2011. At the October 2012
final hearing, Father testified that, when E.G. reaches five or six years of age, he would like
to travel with her to India in order for her to visit with his family, including his parents, see
religious monuments, and experience Indian culture.
In November 2012, the trial court issued the Decree, which provided for joint legal
custody of E.G., with Mother having primary physical custody of her. The Decree also
provided that Father shall exercise parenting time with E.G. in excess of the Indiana
Parenting Time Guidelines, with overnight visitation every Wednesday night, alternating
weekends, and alternating Monday overnights following Mother’s weekend. The Decree
included a separate section entitled “International Travel with the Minor Child” (“Section
1.7”), which states in pertinent part:
Each party may travel internationally with the minor child when she reaches
eight (8) years of age for no more than two weeks so long as such travel does
2
not interrupt her school year. The parties shall cooperate in insuring that the
child has a valid passport at all times[.] . . .The parent not traveling shall have
reasonable telephonic and/or Skype parenting time at least every other day.
The parties shall not travel with [E.G.] to any country that is not a signatory to
the 1993 Hague Convention Treaty on Child Protection and Adoption or to any
country that has an active U.S. State Department travel advisory. The parties
stipulated at trial that they intend to raise [E.G.] in the United States and that
the United States is [E.G.’s] habitual residence.
Appellant’s App. at 10-11.
Father timely filed a motion to correct error, asserting that the above provision of the
Decree regarding the two weeks of international travel constituted a restriction on his
parenting time and, therefore, the trial court was required to, but failed to, make a specific
finding that the limitation was justified because the child’s physical health or emotional
development otherwise might have been significantly impaired or endangered. The trial
court did not rule on the motion to correct error, and it was deemed denied. Father now
appeals.
DISCUSSION AND DECISION
We review a trial court’s denial of a motion to correct error for an abuse of discretion,
reversing only where the trial court’s judgment is clearly against the logic and effect of the
facts and circumstances before it or where the trial court errs as a matter of law. Perkinson v.
Perkinson, No. 36S05-1206-DR-371, 2013 WL 3193347, at *1, (Ind. June 25, 2013); In re
Marriage of Dean, 787 N.E.2d 445, 447 (Ind. Ct. App. 2003), trans. denied.
When reviewing a trial court’s determination of a parenting time issue, we will grant
latitude and deference to our trial courts, reversing only when the trial court abuses its
discretion. Gomez v. Gomez, 887 N.E.2d 977, 983 (Ind. Ct. App. 2008); Duncan v. Duncan,
3
843 N.E.2d 966, 969 (Ind. Ct. App. 2006), trans. denied. No abuse of discretion occurs if
there is a rational basis supporting the trial court’s determination. Gomez, 887 N.E.2d at 983.
We will not reweigh the evidence or judge the credibility of the witnesses. Id. In all
parenting time issues, courts are required to give foremost consideration to the best interest
of the child. Id.Here, Section 1.2 of the Decree, entitled “Parenting Time,” provides in relevant part
that Father is entitled to exercise visitation overnight every Wednesday, alternating
weekends, and alternating Monday overnights following Mother’s weekend with the child.
Appellant’s App. at 8. Unless otherwise agreed, all holidays will be pursuant to Indiana
Parenting Time Guidelines. Both parents are given parenting time preference to recognize
their separate Indian faith holidays. Additionally, each party has “up to two weeks of
extended time with the child each year to travel within the United States of America or spend
uninterrupted time with her.” Id.Section 1.7, entitled “International Travel with the Minor Child,” is separate from
Parenting Time, and it specifically addresses the matter of international travel. It states in
pertinent part:
Each party may travel internationally with the minor child when she reaches
eight (8) years of age for no more than two weeks so long as such travel does
not interrupt her school year.
The remainder of Section 1.7 addresses matters such as passport possession for the child,
notice to the other parent of intent to travel internationally with her, sharing itineraries and
contact information, and that any international travel with the child that exceeds the itinerary
4
provided will be deemed a wrongful retention of the child, absent written consent of both
parents or due to weather delays or flight cancellations. Id. at 10-11.
In his appeal, Father asserts that the above provision in Section 1.7 providing for up to
two weeks of international travel time constitutes a limitation on his parenting time. Indiana
Code section 31-17-4-11 provides that a court may not restrict parenting time without making
a specific finding that such time might endanger the child’s physical health or significantly
impair the child’s emotional development. Because there was no such separate finding made
by the trial court in this case, Father asserts the trial court erred. We disagree with Father’s
analysis.
As Mother states in her brief, “Parenting [t]ime and travel limitations are two very
separate issues, which are being erroneously commingled by [Father].” Appellee’s Br. at 13.
Although Father argues that the trial court restricted his parenting time, in fact, Father’s
parenting time exceeds the Regular Parenting Time outlined by the Indiana Parenting Time
Guidelines (“Guidelines”). For example, Father is granted visitation not only on Wednesday
evenings, as provided in Section II(D)(1) of the Guidelines, but also overnight on
Wednesdays and also overnight on the Monday following Mother’s weekend with E.G.
Section 1.7 of the Decree, with which Father takes issue, only limits the length of time that
1
Indiana Code section 31-17-4-1 states in pertinent part: A parent not granted custody of the child is
entitled to reasonable parenting time rights unless the court finds, after a hearing, that parenting time by the
noncustodial parent might endanger the child’s physical health or significantly impair the child’s emotional
development. Even though the statute uses the term “might,” we have previously interpreted the language to
mean that a court may not restrict visitation unless that visitation would endanger the child’s physical health or
emotional development. Duncan v. Duncan, 843 N.E.2d 966, 969 (Ind. Ct. App. 2006), trans. denied.
5
the child may be taken out of the country by either parent, and it thereby places restrictions
on both parties regarding international travel with their minor child. Father has failed to
establish that the trial court abused its discretion in this regard.
Affirmed.
VAIDIK, J., and PYLE, J., concur.
6