Reko D. Levels v. State of Indiana

FOR PUBLICATION
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:
KAREN M. HEARD GREGORY F. ZOELLER
Vanderburgh County Public Defender’s Office Attorney General of Indiana
Evansville, Indiana
BRIAN REITZ
Deputy Attorney General
Indianapolis, Indiana
FILED
Aug 15 2012, 9:23 am
IN THE
COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA CLERK
of the supreme court,
court of appeals and
tax court
REKO D. LEVELS, )
)
Appellant-Defendant, )
)
vs. ) No. 82A01-1201-CR-25
)
STATE OF INDIANA, )
)
Appellee-Plaintiff. )
APPEAL FROM THE VANDERBURGH SUPERIOR COURT
The Honorable Sheila M. Corcoran, Magistrate
Cause No. 82D05-1111-CM-5830
August 15, 2012
OPINION – FOR PUBLICATION
BAILEY, Judge
Case Summary
Reko D. Levels appeals his convictions of battery and public intoxication, both
class B misdemeanors. We reverse.
Issue
The sole issue for our review is whether Levels waived his right to a jury trial.
Facts and Procedural History
In November 2011, Levels was charged with domestic battery as a class A
misdemeanor and public intoxication as a class B misdemeanor. At the November 10,
2011, initial hearing, the trial court advised Levels that he had the right to a “public and
speedy trial, by court or by jury . . . .” Tr. at 4. Later in the hearing, Levels told the trial
court that he wanted a jury trial “ten days ahead of time.” Tr. at 10. Following a bench
trial, the trial court convicted Levels of battery as a class B misdemeanor, a lesser
included offense of domestic battery, and public intoxication as a class B misdemeanor.
Levels appeals.
Discussion and Decision
Levels’ sole contention is that he did not waive his right to a jury trial. The right
to a jury trial in misdemeanor cases is controlled by Criminal Rule 22, which provides:
A defendant charged with a misdemeanor may demand trial by jury by
filing a written demand therefor not later than ten (10) days before his first
scheduled trial date. The failure of the defendant to demand a trial by jury
as required by this rule shall constitute a waiver by him of trial by jury
unless the defendant has not had at least fifteen (15) days advance notice of
his scheduled trial date and of the consequences of his failure to demand a
trial by jury.
2
This Court has previously explained that a waiver is not valid unless the trial court
advises a defendant of the consequences of his failure to demand a jury trial no later than
ten days prior to the trial date. Vukadinovich v. State, 529 N.E.2d 837, 838 (Ind. Ct.
App. 1988). It is fundamental error for a court to deny defendant a jury trial without first
eliciting a personal waiver from him. Id. There can be no waiver absent the trial court’s
affirmative advisement to a defendant that he waives his right to a jury trial unless he
demands it no later than ten days prior to the scheduled trial date. Casselman v. State,
472 N.E.2d 1310, 1311 (Ind. Ct. App. 1985). Further, where the defendant is not advised
by the court as required by the rule, his failure to request a jury trial cannot be deemed a
waiver. Wilson v. State, 453 N.E.2d 340, 342 (Ind. Ct. App. 1983).
Here, the trial court advised Levels at his initial hearing that he had a right to a
jury trial. However, the trial court failed to adequately advise Levels of the consequences
of failing to demand a jury trial. The court did not mention the necessity of making such
a request no later than ten days prior to the scheduled trial date, and at no time did the
trial court disclose that the failure to make the request would waive Levels’ right to a jury
trial. There is also no indication that Levels knew that the demand had to be in writing.
Because the advisement was insufficient, there was no valid waiver of a jury trial.1
Reversed.
RILEY, J., and CRONE, J., concur.
1
We disagree with the State’s contention that the advisement was unnecessary in this case because Levels
“explicitly indicated his awareness of this requirement by stating ‘I want a jury trial too . . . ten days
ahead of time.’” Tr. at 10. Rather, we agree with Levels that his reference to “ten days ahead of time”
does not reveal that he knew the request had to be in writing or even what the ten days had to be ahead of.
3