B.O. v. D.O.

Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),
this Memorandum Decision shall not be
regarded as precedent or cited before any
court except for the purpose of
establishing the defense of res judicata,
collateral estoppel, or the law of the case. MAR 24 2014, 9:32 am
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT: ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE:
KATHERINE A. HARMON DOMINIC W. GLOVER, ESQ.
JARED S. SUNDAY Coriden Coriden Andrews & Glover, LLC
Mallor Grodner LLP Columbus, Indiana
Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE
COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
B.O., )
)
Appellant-Respondent, )
)
vs. ) No. 55A04-1310-DR-484
)
D.O., )
)
Appellee-Petitioner. )
APPEAL FROM THE MORGAN CIRCUIT COURT
The Honorable Matthew G. Hanson, Judge
Cause No. 55C01-0702-DR-100
March 24, 2014
MEMORANDUM DECISION – NOT FOR PUBLICATION
MATHIAS, Judge
The marriage of B.O. (“Mother”) and D.O. (“Father”) was dissolved by the
Morgan Circuit Court, and Father was awarded custody of the couple’s two children,
Ho.O. and Hu.O. Mother and Father agreed that Mother would have supervised
parenting time with Hu.O., who was ten years old at the time of the agreed order.
Mother’s parenting time with Ho.O., who was fifteen at the time, was suspended
due to Ho.O.’s allegations of physical and sexual abuse by Mother. Mother subsequently
filed a petition to modify her supervised parenting time to unsupervised parenting time or
to parenting time supervised by Hu.O.’s maternal grandmother. The trial court denied
Mother’s petition. Mother now appeals, arguing that the trial court abused its discretion
in denying her petition to modify parenting time.
We affirm.
Facts and Procedural History
The trial court dissolved Mother and Father’s marriage on September 29, 20081
and awarded custody of their two children, Ho.O. and Hu.O., to Father. After the parties’
divorce, Ho.O., the older child, alleged that he was sexually and physically abused by
Mother. Appellant’s App. p. 15. On June 20, 2011, the parties entered into an Agreed
Order suspending Mother’s parenting time with Ho.O. and providing, in relevant part:
3. [Mother’s] parenting time with [Hu.O.] shall also be modified and shall
consist of supervised visitation which shall initially occur two times per
month, to be scheduled by the parties, and shall initially be one (1) hour in
length.
1
The record is unclear as to when Mother and Father were married.
2
4. Said supervised visitation shall occur with Caroline Jessica Hersch,
A.C.S.W., L.C.S.W., L.M.F.T., and shall take place at her office . . . or at
any other location as directed by Ms. Hersch.
***
7. [Mother] shall be responsible for the costs of said supervised visitation
unless, through no fault of her own, [Father] fails to provide [Hu.O.] at said
location for visitation. Both parties agree that any appointment cancellation
must be done within 24 hours of said appointment unless a medical or
weather emergency exists, pursuant to the attached Rules for Visitation.
Appellant’s App. pp. 18-19.
Mother lives with her mother and sister, is unemployed, and receives $1,056.00
each month in disability assistance. She pays $400 each month to her mother for rent.
After the trial court’s entry of the parties’ agreed order in June 2011, Mother consistently
exercised her parenting time with Hu.O. at a cost of approximately $140 per month. At
first, Mother visited with Hu.O. at the office of parenting time supervisor Caroline Jessica
Hersch (“Hersch”), but eventually began to spend time with him at local restaurants or
parks.
On February 25, 2013, approximately two years after the trial court’s entry of the
parties’ agreed order, Mother filed a petition to modify her parenting time with Hu.O. to
unsupervised parenting time. In her petition, Mother argued that she did not “believe
conditions exist which require that her visits continue to remain supervised.” Appellant’s
App. p. 24. Mother’s petition requested that, should the court “wish to phase in
unsupervised parenting time,” Mother be permitted to “have a family member supervise
the visits at no cost” or “[Father] be required to pay the costs for the visits.” Id.
The trial court held a hearing on Mother’s petition on September 9, 2013. At the
hearing, Mother admitted that she had agreed that her parenting time with Hu.O. would
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be supervised by Hersch and that Mother would be responsible for the costs associated
with the parenting time. Mother also testified that she had previously abused pain
medication, that she had sought counseling for drug and alcohol addiction, that there was
occasional drug use in the home she shared with her mother and sister, and that the police
had been called to her home because of a physical altercation between Mother’s mother
and sister.
Hersch testified that Hu.O. seemed to have grown more comfortable around his
mother over the course of their visits together, but that he remains guarded about showing
physical affection for his mother and that he felt uncomfortable when his mother told him
that she loved him. She further testified that Hu.O. told Hersch that he would like to have
visits with Mother at her home, “as long as they were supervised.” Tr. p. 35.
On September 10, 2013, the trial court issued an order denying Mother’s request
to modify parenting time and providing, in relevant part:
8) [Father] does not wish for expanded visits.
9) [Mother] testified as to statements she made about her mother and sister
getting into a fight in the home and that her sister had used marijuana in the
past year in the home.
10) [Father] testified that he still has concerns about the maternal
grandmother’s home being used for visits and for her to be the supervisor
since the incidents described by [Ho.O. regarding abuse] occurred in the
same home and with the grandmother living there.
11) That the counselor testified that the visits between wife and [Hu.O.]
were going well for the most part.
12) That the counselor testified that the child still has issues with his
mother and often does not return the “I love you” comments from the wife
and does not initiate hugs with her.
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***
17) The wife also testified that the cost of the visitations was a drain upon
her and she wished that cost to go away.
18) The wife offered to have the counselor do in home visits, but the
counselor stated that while she could do that, the visits would be much less
frequent.
19) That this court is honestly unable to tell that much has changed since
the agreement.
20) The wife still seemed to disagree that she ever did anything wrong with
the older child by testifying on cross that she attended counseling because
“[Ho.O.] said I molested him.”
21) Further, as the court was unable to hear from the child in this case, it
must rely on the past record of this case as well as the statements from the
counselor.
22) The court reviewed notes from the first hearings in 2011 and finds that
the allegations against mother, albeit against the oldest child mostly, were
extremely disturbing.
23) That the oldest child is somewhat mildly mentally disabled but the
actions and events he described were clear and concise and the court noted
throughout its’ notes that it believed those events were true as he related.
24) That from the testimony of the counselor, [Hu.O] still has issues with
hugging his mother and repeating back the statement “I love you” when
wife says it.
25) That clearly then there still exists a level of discomfort between [Hu.O.]
and the wife.
26) As well, without more information from the child, it is unclear whether
the child would welcome these visits at the wife’s home or would prefer
somewhere else.
27) Without more information, and having to rely on the previous
statements in court as well as the testimony of the counselor, this court
cannot find that there should be a modification to the face to face visits.
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Appellant’s App. pp. 15-16. Wife now appeals.2
Discussion and Decision
“In all visitation controversies, courts are required to give foremost consideration
to the best interests of the child.” Marlow v. Marlow, 702 N.E.2d 733, 735 (Ind. Ct. App.
1998), trans. denied. “Ideally, a child should have a well-founded relationship with each
parent.” Appolon v. Faught, 796 N.E.2d 297, 300 (Ind. Ct. App. 2003). Non-custodial
parents’ right to visit with their children is a “sacred and precious privilege.” McCauley
v. McCauley, 678 N.E.2d 1290, 1292 (Ind. Ct. App. 1997), trans. denied.
We review a trial court’s decision regarding a request to modify parenting time for
an abuse of discretion; we give “latitude and deference” to the trial court’s decision in
family law matters. Kirk v. Kirk, 770 N.E.2d 304, 307 (Ind. 2002) (quoting In re
Marriage of Richardson, 622 N.E.2d 178, 178 (Ind. 1993)) (internal quotation marks
omitted); see also In re Marriage of Kraft, 868 N.E.2d 1181, 1185 (Ind. Ct. App. 2007).
We will not “substitute our own judgment if any evidence or legitimate inferences
support the trial court’s judgment.” Dixon v. Dixon, 982 N.E.2d 24, 26 (Ind. Ct. App.
2013). Furthermore, we will not “reweigh the evidence or judge the credibility of the
witnesses[,]” and we will consider only the evidence most favorable to judgment and the
reasonable information drawn therefrom. Green v. Green, 843 N.E.2d 23, 26 (Ind. Ct.
App. 2006).
2
We remind Mother’s counsel of its professional and ethical obligation to present the Statement of Facts
in accordance with the standard of review appropriate to the judgment being appealed. Ind. Appellate
Rule 46(A)(6)(b). Mother appeals the trial court’s denial of her petition to modify parenting time;
therefore, the Statement of Facts should reflect the facts most favorable to the trial court’s judgment. See
Schaefer v. Kumar, 804 N.E.2d 184, 195 (Ind. Ct. App. 2004), trans. denied.
6
Restriction of parenting time is governed by Indiana Code section 31-17-4-1(a),
which provides:
A parent not granted custody of the child is entitled to reasonable parenting
time rights unless the court finds, after a hearing, that parenting time by the
noncustodial parent might endanger the child’s physical health or
significantly impair the child’s emotional development.
Even though the statute uses the word “might,” this Court has previously
interpreted the statute’s language to mean that a trial court may not restrict parenting time
unless that parenting time “would” endanger the child’s physical health or emotional
development. D.B. v. M.B.V., 913 N.E.2d 1271, 1274 (Ind. Ct. App. 2009).
Mother argues that the trial court abused its discretion in denying her petition to
modify parenting time because it “made no specific finding that [Hu.O] was in any
danger of experiencing physical or emotional harm with Mother.” Appellant’s Br. at 10.
In support of her argument, Mother relies on Farrell v. Littell, 790 N.E.2d 612 (Ind. Ct.
App. 2003). In Farrell, the mother alleged that the father had molested the child, and the
trial court suspended the father’s parenting time. In so doing, the trial court
acknowledged that “the Court is left with uncertainty as to what the child has been
exposed to or whether there has been any inappropriate sexual conduct with the child.”
Id. at 615. On appeal, a panel of this court reversed the trial court’s suspension of
parenting time, concluding that (1) the trial court “did not make a specific finding that
[parenting time] would endanger [the child’s] physical health or well-being or
significantly impair [the child’s] emotional development,” and (2) the evidence presented
“would not have permitted a finding” that parenting time by the noncustodial parent
7
“would endanger [the child’s] physical health and well-being or significantly impair [the
child’s] emotional development.” Id. at 616, 617.
Contrary to Mother’s claim, Farrell is very distinguishable from the present case.
In Farrell, the noncustodial parent received no parenting time. Here, Mother was not
denied parenting time completely. Rather, the trial court ordered that her parenting time
continue to be supervised, within parameters to which the parties had already agreed and
which were designed to protect the best interests of Hu.O. And in Farrell, this court
reversed the trial court’s order not only because the trial court made no specific finding
that a parenting time would endanger the child’s physical health or well-being or
significantly impair the child’s emotional development but also, importantly for this case,
because the evidence presented “would not have permitted a finding that” parenting time
by the noncustodial parent would endanger the child’s physical health or well-being or
significantly impair the child’s emotional development.
Here, although the trial court made no express finding that unsupervised parenting
time, or parenting time supervised only by Hu.O.’s maternal grandmother, would be
harmful to Hu.O., the evidence presented would support that conclusion. Specifically,
the evidence established that Mother’s mother and her sister had engaged in a physical
fight at the home they shared with Mother; that Mother’s sister had used illegal drugs in
the home; that Mother seemed unwilling to accept the seriousness of the sexual and
physical abuse allegations brought against her by her older son; that the alleged abuse of
Ho.O. occurred in the home Mother shared with her mother and sister and the home in
which she now seeks to exercise unsupervised parenting time with Hu.O.; and that Hu.O.
8
still sometimes exhibits discomfort Mother’s presence. And, finally, although Mother
contends that the trial court abused its discretion in refusing to modify the parenting time
arrangement set forth in the June 2011 agreed order, her argument ignores the fact that it
was this supervised parenting time arrangement to which she agreed. Because the well-
being of the child is always our foremost concern, we err on the side of caution and
conclude that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in failing to make a specific
finding that unsupervised parenting time would endanger Hu.O.’s physical health or well-
being or significantly impair his emotional development. See Duncan v. Duncan, 843
N.E.2d 966, 972 (Ind. Ct. App. 2006).
Mother next argues that the trial court abused its discretion when it considered
evidence “presented prior to the entry of the 2011 Visitation Order that Mother sought to
modify.” Appellant’s Br. at 13. Specifically, she asserts that the trial court improperly
included in its order findings that Mother’s oldest child had made allegations that Mother
abused him; that the alleged abuse occurred at the home Mother shares with her mother
and sister while Ho.O.’s maternal grandmother was inside the home; that Mother “still
seemed to disagree that she ever did anything wrong with the older child”; that the court
“was unable to hear from [Ho.O.] in this case, [so] it must rely on the past record of this
case”; and that the trial court found Ho.O.’s “allegations against [Mother to be] extremely
disturbing.” Appellant’s App. pp. 20-21.
We find no abuse of discretion here. The paramount concern in consideration of a
parenting time modification has always been the child’s best interest, and it is well within
the discretion of the trial court to consider evidence that is relevant to the child’s best
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interest and that was entered in prior hearings in the same parenting time case. See Arms
v. Arms, 803 N.E.2d 1201 (Ind. Ct. App. 2004) (holding that the trial court could
consider evidence entered in prior hearings in same custody case when ruling on a motion
to modify custody and parenting time; the evidence presented by the parties at earlier
hearings included evidence relevant to the truthfulness of Father’s allegations concerning
abuse by Mother, as well as expert testimony about the impact of Mother’s behavior upon
the child’s well-being; this evidence was relevant to instant hearing because past behavior
was a valid predictor of future conduct). Under the facts and circumstances before us, we
conclude that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in considering evidence presented
prior to the entry of the 2011 agreed parenting time order.
Mother next argues that the trial court “abused its discretion by failing to consider
the relative incomes of the parties and the ability to pay for supervised parenting time
when ordering that supervised parenting time continue at Mother’s expense.”
Appellant’s Br. at 16. Mother emphasizes that her “sole source of income is disability in
the amount of $1,056.00 per month, of which $400.00 is used to pay rent.” Id. She
further emphasizes that Father’s income is roughly seven times larger than hers and that
the visitation expenses of approximately $140 per month present a much larger financial
burden for her than they would for Father. She argues that the trial court’s refusal to
reallocate the costs associated with the supervised parenting time is tantamount to an
elimination of her parenting time.
We cannot agree. In June 2011, Mother agreed that she would pay for the cost of
the supervised visitation, and neither her financial circumstances nor Father’s have
10
changed significantly since she entered into that agreement. We further note that Father
has borne the full responsibility for providing financial support for the children since the
parties’ divorce. Under these facts and circumstances, we see no abuse of discretion in
requiring Mother to continue to pay the costs associated with her supervised visitation, as
she agreed to do in 2011.
Finally, Mother argues that the trial court abused its discretion in “failing to make
any findings regarding [Hu.O.], the child that is the subject of Mother’s petition to
modify parenting time.” Appellant’s Br. at 7. In support of her argument, Mother points
to paragraph 33 of the trial court’s order, which reads, “The request to modify visits with
[Ho.O.] shall be denied.” Appellant’s App. p. 17. The order also provides, “[Ho.O.] still
has issues with hugging his mother” and “there still exists a level of discomfort between
[Ho.O.] and the wife.” We find no reversible error here. The trial court appears to
confuse Hu.O. and Ho.O.’s names in its order, but this mistake is not fatal to its judgment.
Conclusion
For all of these reasons, we conclude that the trial court did not abuse its discretion
in denying Mother’s petition to modify parenting time.
Affirmed.
BRADFORD, J., and PYLE, J., concur.
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