Ronald D. Lunsford v. State of Indiana

Pursuant to Ind.Appellate Rule 65(D),
this Memorandum Decision shall not be
regarded as precedent or cited before Sep 26 2014, 9:43 am
any court except for the purpose of
establishing the defense of res judicata,
collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.
APPELLANT PRO SE: ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:
RONALD LUNSFORD GREGORY F. ZOELLER
Michigan City, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana
GEORGE P. SHERMAN
Deputy Attorney General
Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE
COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
RONALD D. LUNSFORD, )
)
Appellant-Petitioner, )
)
vs. ) No. 20A03-1309-PC-390
)
STATE OF INDIANA, )
)
Appellee-Respondent. )
APPEAL FROM THE ELKHART SUPERIOR COURT
The Honorable Evan S. Roberts, Judge
Cause No. 20D01-1206-PC-51
September 26, 2014
MEMORANDUM DECISION - NOT FOR PUBLICATION
BAILEY, Judge
Case Summary
Appellant-Petitioner Ronald Lunsford (“Lunsford”) appeals the post-conviction
court’s denial of his petition for post-conviction relief. We affirm.
Issue
Lunsford presents the following issue, which we restate as: whether the post-
conviction court erred in refusing to set aside Lunsford’s 1984 guilty plea as involuntary.
Facts and Procedural History
On February 8, 1984, Lunsford was charged with Burglary, as a Class C felony.1 At
the time, Lunsford faced a fixed term of five years imprisonment, with not more than three
years added or subtracted for aggravating or mitigating circumstances, plus a maximum fine
of $10,000.2 On June 4, 1984, Lunsford pleaded guilty in exchange for a jail sentence not to
exceed five years. The trial court accepted the plea agreement, and on July 16, 1984,
sentenced Lunsford to five years imprisonment.
Nearly twenty-eight years later, on June 6, 2012, Lunsford filed a petition for post-
conviction relief. Lunsford argued that his guilty plea should be set aside as involuntary
because he was not advised in 1984 that the burglary conviction could later be used to
support a habitual criminal offender enhancement.3 The post-conviction court denied his
request in a detailed order issued on July 17, 2013. Lunsford now appeals.4
1
Ind. Code § 35-43-2-1 (1982).
2
I.C. § 35-50-2-6 (1982).
3
Lunsford testified at the post-conviction hearing that he was adjudicated a habitual criminal offender after he
was convicted of Robbery, as a Class B felony, in 1992. Lunsford is currently incarcerated on the resulting
2
Discussion and Decision
The petitioner in a post-conviction proceeding bears the burden of establishing the
grounds for relief by a preponderance of the evidence. Ind. Post-Conviction Rule 1(5);
Fisher v. State, 810 N.E.2d 674, 679 (Ind. 2004). When appealing from the denial of post-
conviction relief, the petitioner stands in the position of one appealing from a negative
judgment. Fisher, 810 N.E.2d at 679. On review, we will not reverse the judgment unless
the evidence as a whole unerringly and unmistakably leads to a conclusion opposite of that
reached by the post-conviction court. Id.
A guilty plea must be knowingly, voluntarily, and intelligently entered. Gillespie v.
State, 736 N.E.2d 770, 774 (Ind. Ct. App. 2000), trans. denied. A trial court shall not accept
a plea of guilty without first determining that the defendant:
(1) understands the nature of the charge against him;
(2) has been informed that by his plea he waives his rights to:
(A) a public and speedy trial by jury;
(B) confront and cross-examine the witnesses against him;
(C) have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor; and
(D) require the state to prove his guilt beyond a reasonable doubt at a trial
at which the defendant may not be compelled to testify against himself;
(3) has been informed of the maximum possible sentence and minimum
sentence for the crime charged and any possible increased sentence by
reason of the fact of a prior conviction or convictions, and any possibility
of the imposition of consecutive sentences; and
(4) has been informed that if:
forty-year sentence.
4
In late 2013, Lunsford, proceeding pro se, filed a belated Notice of Appeal. His appeal was dismissed on
April 22, 2014, pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 45(D). On May 30, 2014, this Court granted Lunsford’s
Motion for Reconsideration, after which Lunsford timely filed his Appellant’s Brief.
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(A) there is a plea agreement as defined by section 1 [35-35-1-1] of this
chapter; and
(B) the court accepts the plea;
the court is bound by the terms of the plea agreement.
I.C. § 35-35-1-2(a) (Supp. 1984). A defendant fully armed with all the information outlined
in the statute is most able to make the voluntary and intelligent decision that the Indiana and
U.S. Constitutions entitle him to make. White v. State, 497 N.E.2d 893, 905 (Ind. 1986). A
plea entered after the court has reviewed the rights a defendant is waiving and made the
inquiries identified in the statute is unlikely to be found wanting in a collateral attack. Id.At the June 4, 1984, plea hearing, the trial court explained to Lunsford the nature of
the burglary charge. The court advised Lunsford of the following rights: to trial by jury; to
confront and examine witnesses against him; to bring forward witnesses to testify on his
behalf; to the State’s burden of proof beyond a reasonable doubt; and against self-
incrimination. The trial court further informed him of the sentencing range and that the court
could consider his past criminal history, including arrests and convictions, as aggravating
circumstances. The court also advised him that, if accepted, the court would be bound by the
plea agreement. Lunsford repeatedly acknowledged that he understood these advisements.
In sum, the record shows that the trial court properly determined that Lunsford knew and
understood his rights.
Lunsford nevertheless asserts that his “guilty plea was not knowingly and intelligently
rendered with full knowledge of the consequences” because neither the trial court nor his
attorney advised him in 1984 that his burglary conviction could later be used against him to
support a habitual criminal offender enhancement. (Appellant’s Br. at 6.) He argues that the
4
absence of such a warning runs afoul of Boykin v. Alabama, 395 U.S. 238, 243 (1969), in
which the U.S. Supreme Court held that, before accepting a guilty plea, a trial court must be
satisfied that an accused is aware of his rights against self-incrimination, to trial by jury, and
to confront his accusers. Lunsford contends that, had he known of the “most serious
consequence of the guilty plea – the habitual offender charge,” he would not have pleaded
guilty to burglary in 1984. (Appellant’s Br. at 6.)
Although Boykin requires that a defendant be aware of the immediate, concrete
consequences of waiving specific constitutional rights, “one who pleads guilty need not be
advised that the conviction might have adverse but future collateral consequences.”
Gillespie, 736 N.E.2d at 775 (citation omitted). “Indiana law does not require that the court
inform a defendant of possible collateral consequences, such as the potential of a subsequent
conviction as a habitual offender, before accepting a guilty plea.” Owens v. State, 437
N.E.2d 501, 504 (Ind. Ct. App. 1982). Thus, the trial court was not required to warn
Lunsford of the potential but uncertain consequence that if he should ever be convicted of
another crime, his burglary conviction may be used to support a habitual offender
enhancement. His plea therefore was not rendered involuntary for lack of proper
advisements.
Conclusion
The record shows that the trial court properly advised Lunsford of his rights and
determined that Lunsford knew and understood them. Accordingly, the post-conviction court
did not err in refusing to set aside Lunsford’s guilty plea as involuntary.
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Affirmed.
NAJAM, J., and PYLE, J., concur.
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