DocketNumber: No. 45761.
Citation Numbers: 300 N.W. 690, 231 Iowa 116
Judges: Hale, Mitchell, Miller, Sager, Bliss, Garfield, Wenner-Strum, Stiger
Filed Date: 11/18/1941
Status: Precedential
Modified Date: 10/19/2024
DISSENT: Stiger and Mitchell, JJ. This suit is brought to determine whether or not the plaintiff, J.B. Tusant, is entitled to the office of city assessor of Des Moines, under the provisions of chapter 60, Code of 1939. An appeal was brought by plaintiff in the district court of Polk county to review the action of the three taxing bodies — the City Council of the City of Des Moines, Board of Supervisors of Polk County, and the School Board of the Independent School District of Des Moines — in the matter of the appointment of the defendant Bert L. Zuver to the office of assessor under the provisions of chapters 202 and 203 (being S.F. 3, as amended by S.F. 286), Acts of the Forty-ninth General Assembly.
It is not disputed that plaintiff is an honorably discharged sailor, as required by said chapter 60 when preference is claimed thereunder. He claims that as such he is entitled to the office, and that the above three taxing bodies acting as an appointing body, constituted as such under the said chapter 202 as amended, acted illegally in appointing Bert L. Zuver as city assessor, for the reason that they failed and refused to comply with the provisions of the soldiers' preference law (said Code chapter 60). To this complaint the defendants Zuver and the Board of Supervisors demurred on the ground that the soldiers' preference law is not applicable to the position of city assessor of the City of Des Moines. This demurrer was overruled; defendants Zuver and the Board of Supervisors elected to stand on their demurrer, and the cause was remanded by the court to the appointing board; from this ruling these defendants have appealed. Plaintiff Tusant also perfected an appeal on the ground that the district court, instead of remanding, should have entered an order directing his appointment as said assessor. This will be referred to later.
The first error complained of is the overruling of grounds 1 and 3 of the demurrer which assailed the complaint (notice of appeal) for the reasons: (1) that the soldiers' preference law does not apply to the head of a department where said head of a department is vested with discretion and is not subject to direction, supervision, or control of the appointing body or anyone else; that the office of city assessor is an office or department of which the assessor is the head, and that in the exercise of his duties as such he is vested with powers of a *Page 118 judicial, quasi-judicial, and discretionary nature, requiring the exercise of judgment and discretion in the performance thereof; that he is vested with the power to appoint deputies, and with the powers and duties usually vested in the head of such department and that therefore the office of assessor does not come within the provisions of the soldiers' preference act as set out in chapter 60, Code of 1939, and that the plaintiff is not therefore entitled to preference; (2) that the court has no jurisdiction of the subject matter of this appeal in that the soldiers' preference act is not applicable to the head of an office, vested with discretion and subject to no supervision, direction, or control of the appointing body or anyone else. The other error complained of, and discussed hereafter, is the overruling of ground 2 of the demurrer, which sets out that the provisions of S.F. 3 as amended are in conflict with and repugnant to the provisions of the soldiers' preference act.
From the foregoing statement it will be seen that the question for our consideration on this appeal is whether or not the soldiers' preference law (chapter 60, Code of 1939) is applicable to the appointment of a city assessor provided for in chapter 202 as amended, Acts of the Forty-ninth General Assembly. Chapter 60, Code of 1939, contains sections 1159 to 1165, inclusive, section 1159 being as follows:
"In every public department and upon all public works in the state, and of the counties, cities, towns, and school boards thereof, including those of cities acting under special charters, honorably discharged soldiers, sailors, marines, and nurses from the army and navy of the United States in the late civil war, Spanish-American war, Philippine insurrection, China relief expedition, or war with Germany, who are citizens and residents of this state, shall, except in the position of school teachers, be entitled to preference in appointment, employment, and promotion over other applicants of no greater qualifications."
Section 1162.1 provides for appeal to the district court from any refusal to allow such preference to any person entitled thereto. Chapter 202 of the Acts of the Forty-ninth General Assembly, which became effective by publication February 20, 1941, prescribes the method of selection of a city *Page 119 assessor in cities having a population in excess of 125,000. The material parts of such statute are as follows:
"Section 1. Within thirty (30) days from the taking effect of this Act, in cities having more than one hundred twenty-five thousand (125,000) population, the city council, the school board and the county board of supervisors each shall appoint at a regular meeting by a majority vote of the members present, one qualified person to serve as a member of an examining board to give an examination for the positions of city assessor and deputy assessors. This examining board shall organize as soon as possible after its appointment, with a chairman and secretary. * * *
"Section 3. Not later than thirty (30) days after its appointment, the examining board shall give notice of holding an examination for assessor by posting a written notice in a conspicuous place in the city hall and at one other public place, stating that at a specified date not more than sixty (60) days nor less than thirty (30) days from the posting of said notice, an examination for the position of city assessor will be held at a specified place. Similar notice shall be given at the same time, by one publication of said notice in a newspaper of general circulation in the city. * * *
"Within fourteen (14) days from the holding of such examination, it shall certify to the city council, the board of supervisors and the school board, the names of all persons who in its determination, shall have passed with a grade of not less than seventy (70) per cent in such examination. Said list shall be in force and effect for two (2) years from the date of certification.
"Section 4. Not later than seven (7) days after receipt of this list, the mayor of the city shall by written notice, call a meeting of the members of the board of supervisors, the school board and the city council, at the city hall or other specified public place, to appoint the city assessor from this list. Such selection shall not be made unless a majority of the members of two or more of said three taxing bodies are present. The mayor shall act as chairman of the meeting. The majority vote of the members present of each separate taxing body in *Page 120 favor of a candidate, shall count as one vote toward the selection of the city assessor.
"The assessor shall be chosen by an approving vote of not less than two (2) out of three (3) taxing bodies. The physical condition, general reputation of the candidates and their fitness for the position as determined by the examination provided for in section three (3), shall be taken into consideration in making such selection."
The representatives of the three taxing bodies constituted an examining board, and in compliance with the provisions of section 1 of the act, met on June 17, 1941, and reported the names of five persons who had passed the examination with a grade of 70 per cent or more, which list included the plaintiff Tusant and the defendant Zuver, it appearing by the record that Zuver's percentage was 84.6 and Tusant's
[1] There is no appeal from the appointment provided for in chapter 202, Acts of the Forty-ninth General Assembly (the assessor law), but there is such appeal provision in the soldiers' preference law, Code, chapter 60, section 1162.1. If the latter act is not applicable to the office of city assessor, there would be no jurisdiction in the district court or in this court to consider such an appeal. The case therefore resolves itself into and must be determined by the question heretofore stated: Does the soldiers' preference law apply to the office of city assessor in cities of more than 125,000 population, provided for by chapter 202 of the Acts of the Forty-ninth General Assembly as amended?
While the various parts of chapter 60 of the Code have been considered by this court in numerous cases, none has presented the question here raised. The new city assessor act was only adopted in February of this year. The question, however, has been determined by the supreme courts of other states having substantially the same statutory provisions as *Page 121
our Code chapter 60. In New York, in the case of People ex rel. Jacobus v. Van Wyck (1897),
The case holds further:
"The incumbent of the office of assessor is inferior in rank to that of the mayor by whom he is appointed; but he is not subject to the direction of the mayor, or to any one else, in the discharge of the very important and quasi judicial duties pertaining to his office. His duties are enjoined by statute, and are within a smaller compass than those placed upon the mayor by the same act; but, within the limits defined by the statute for each officer, the one is not more independent in the discharge of his duty than the other. * * * The test *Page 122 by which to determine whether they are subordinates is not whether a review of such of their determinations as are quasi judicial may be had, but whether, in the performance of their various duties, they are subject to the direction and control of a superior officer, or are independent officers, subject only to such directions as the statute gives."
The holding was that the act did not apply to officers such as a member of the board of assessors, and, for the reasons given, it was held that the veterans' act had no application to the position.
The New York cases are reviewed in In re Christey (1914),
The question again arose in the case of Mylod v. Graves (1937),
Minnesota also has a soldiers' preference law, the provisions of which are similar to our own, and it also has been interpreted as to the positions covered thereby. In the case of State ex rel. McOsker v. City Council of Minneapolis (1926),
The opinion quotes a provision similar to our own, as follows:
"``Nothing in this act shall be construed to apply to the position of private secretary or deputy of any official or department, or to any person holding a strictly confidential relation to the appointing officer.'"
The opinion states:
"It is plain that the position of the assistant clerk would not come within the operation of the act. If not, why may we say the Legislature intended to have the law applicable to the superior position — the head of the department? The statute says that no person holding a ``position' shall be removed. The exclusion last quoted herein uses the term ``position,' which is not an office. Nor does a public officer occupy a place of employment. * * * If the act applies to the office of city clerk, it would also apply to the department of public welfare * * *, and to the city planning commission * * *, and the civil service commission * * *. We do not think the Legislature intended to restrict the appointment of these officials to ex-service men who apply for the appointments. * * * The original New York act used the word ``employment' in the title, not the word ``appointments,' but this distinction is of little significance. The New York law was subsequently amended so that it is now substantially a duplicate of our law, and in its present form has been construed as indicated."
The opinion states that a law of similar import in the state of New York "which uses the word ``position' and refers to employment has been construed as not applicable to the heads of departments, but only to all subordinates in such public service and relating to such employees as are not vested with discretion." Citing, People ex rel. Hall v. Saratoga Springs,
It further states that:
"Appellant relies upon the somewhat contrary authority of Shaw v. City of Marshalltown,
An examination of the Iowa case cited shows that the analysis in the McOsker case is correct. It involved the appointment of a city clerk, which the court refers to as a "minor municipal office." The question of the duties, and the applicability of the soldiers' preference law thereto, was not an issue, but only constitutional questions. Whatever might be the ruling in that case, it could not apply here.
In State ex rel. Michie v. Walleen (1932),
Plaintiff cites no authority contrary to the doctrine announced in the Minnesota and New York cases, but argues that the Iowa statutes, unlike those of New York and Minnesota, are to be liberally construed. We cannot agree with plaintiff that the construction in the New York cases differs from that *Page 125
of Iowa. See Tierney v. Wynne (1924),
"It is the policy of the state to give statutes preferring and protecting veterans in public positions a liberal construction." Citing cases.
We do not think that any rule of construction can lessen the effect of the Van Wyck case. In support of the rule of construction, plaintiff cites section 64 of the Code, and various Iowa cases, and there is little dispute as to the proposition as to construction advanced by him.
Plaintiff further urges that the soldiers' preference law applies to all appointments, in every public department of Iowa cities, citing a number of cases as to the application of the statute involving various positions such as janitor at the statehouse and at the courthouse, policeman, yard man at the state capitol. These cases are not persuasive since there can be no question that the law was intended to apply to the positions mentioned therein. He also cites the case of Maddy v. City Council of Ottumwa,
Plaintiff devotes considerable time to his claim that the act is unambiguous and admits of no judicial construction, and that since the assessor is not expressly excluded from the benefits of the statute he must be included. It is the duty of the court in construing a statute of this kind not only to determine the meaning but to determine the application, and in this we must be guided by what we hold to be the intent of the legislature. We say and know that the statute was not intended to cover every office or position, appointive or otherwise, for there are express exceptions in the statute. No one can deny that it has a good and useful object, and that it has been beneficial to the persons for whom it was enacted. That they are entitled to such preference as can be given under the statutes is beyond question. But equally, no one would go so far as to say that there should be a preference for every position. That a veteran's *Page 126
service has tended to increase his qualifications may not be disputed, but the lawmakers of the state realized that there must be some discretion exercised by the appointing officers as to certain positions requiring discretion and judgment. Plaintiff urges that since the office of assessor is not expressly excepted from the benefits of the statutes it must be included. This is applying a strict construction to the statute, in contravention to the terms of section 64 of the Code and contrary to the rule which plaintiff himself invokes in the construction of this statute. See Bay v. Davidson,
[2] The second ground for reversal raised by the defendants is that the soldiers' preference act was repealed by the enactment of chapter 202, Acts of the Forty-ninth General Assembly. This question was referred to in Hahn v. Clayton County,
"This right to appoint imposed on respondent the duty of determining that his appointee possessed the requisite qualifications for the office."
And so in State ex rel. Taggart v. Addison,
"The validity of the law is established by the former decision [92 P. 581], and it should be so administered as to secure the intended benefits to this honored class of citizens, to which the nation and the state owe so much. On the other hand, efficient service to the state, and to the counties, cities, and towns thereof, must not be sacrificed. The language of the act itself suggests both of these considerations, and even those for whose benefit the law was intended would insist as strenuously upon the latter as upon the former."
And quoting from the former opinion in this same case,
"The determination of the appointing board or officer as to the qualifications of the applicant involves official discretion, and, when made fairly and in good faith, is final."
And the plaintiff in his cross-appeal insists that the presiding judge, instead of remanding the case to the appointing board, should have entered an order reinstating the plaintiff in the office. Since our holding is contrary to the contentions of the plaintiff as to the application of the law, no ruling is necessary upon this cross-appeal.
The office which is the subject of this controversy is one of extreme importance. We have only to take notice of our own records in past years to realize that the decisions of the taxing authorities of Des Moines have created much litigation, at great expense not only to the city but to individuals. Appeals have filled the records of the courts, and taken their time, by the hundreds. It was to remedy this evil that chapter 202 of the Acts of the Forty-ninth General Assembly was enacted. This statute reposed in the three bodies representing the three local bodies most affected by assessments and representative *Page 129 of the whole community at large — the city, the county, and the schools — the power and the right to select an assessor who would fairly and properly value the taxable property. No complaint is made that they have unfairly or unjustly abused the discretion reposed in them.
For the reasons given under our holding that the soldiers' preference law has no application to this appointment, we feel it our duty to sustain the appointment, and are compelled to reverse the holding of the district court. — Reversed.
MILLER, C.J., and SAGER, BLISS, GARFIELD, and WENNERSTRUM, JJ., concur.
STIGER and MITCHELL, JJ., dissent.
Allen v. Wegman , 218 Iowa 801 ( 1934 )
State Ex Rel. v. City Council of Minneapolis , 167 Minn. 240 ( 1926 )
State Ex Rel. Michie v. Walleen , 185 Minn. 329 ( 1932 )
Maddy v. City Council , 226 Iowa 941 ( 1939 )
Matter of Stutzbach v. . Coler , 168 N.Y. 416 ( 1901 )
Matter of Christey v. . Cochrane , 211 N.Y. 333 ( 1914 )
Matter of Mylod v. Graves , 274 N.Y. 381 ( 1937 )
People Ex Rel. Fonda v. . Morton , 148 N.Y. 156 ( 1896 )
People Ex Rel. Jacobus v. . Van Wyck , 157 N.Y. 495 ( 1899 )
Hahn v. Clayton County , 218 Iowa 543 ( 1934 )