IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA
No. 13-1433
Filed September 17, 2014
BONNIE F. STRAWN, Individually and in
her capacity as Trustee of the Bonnie F.
Strawn Revocable Living Trust, and
RONALD STRAWN, Individually,
Plaintiffs-Appellants,
vs.
JONATHAN D. STRAWN, Individually and
as Successor Trustee of the Darrell L.
Strawn Revocable Living Trust,
Defendant-Appellee.
________________________________________________________________
Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Woodbury County, Jeffrey L.
Poulson, Judge.
Plaintiffs appeal the district court order granting partial summary judgment
to defendant. APPEAL DISMISSED.
R. Scott Rhinehart of Rhinehart Law, P.C., Sioux City, for appellants.
Daniel L. Hartnett of Crary, Huff, Ringgenberg, Hartnett & Storm, P.C.,
Sioux City, for appellee.
Considered by Vaitheswaran, P.J., McDonald, J., and Eisenhauer, S.J.*
*Senior judge assigned by order pursuant to Iowa Code section 602.9206 (2013).
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EISENHAUER, S.J.
Plaintiffs appeal the district court order granting partial summary judgment
to defendant. After the district court ruled on plaintiffs’ motion to amend and
enlarge, plaintiffs appealed. We determine plaintiffs’ motion was not permitted by
the Iowa Rules of Civil Procedure, and therefore, did not extend the time for filing
an appeal. Plaintiffs’ appeal is untimely and we lack subject matter jurisdiction to
address the issues raised in the appeal. Therefore, the appeal must be
dismissed.
I. Background Facts & Proceedings.
This case involves two trust agreements—the Darrell L. Strawn Revocable
Trust Agreement and the Bonnie F. Strawn Revocable Trust Agreement. The
Strawns have two children, Ronald Strawn and Jonathan Strawn. Darrell died on
June 17, 2007.
On May 9, 2012, Bonnie, in her individual capacity and as trustee of her
revocable trust, and Ronald filed suit against Jonathan, individually and as
trustee of Darrell’s revocable trust, seeking a declaratory judgment as to the
validity of two amendments to Bonnie’s revocable trust. The action also sought
to determine Bonnie’s interest in Darrell’s revocable trust, sought to remove
Jonathan as the trustee of Darrell’s revocable trust, and asked for an accounting.
Both parties filed motions for summary judgment. The district court
entered an order on August 6, 2013, captioned “Partial Order of Summary
Judgment.” The court determined the third amendment to Bonnie’s revocable
trust was valid and enforceable. It found, however, Bonnie could not amend her
revocable trust after Darrell died because there was no longer the possibility of
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mutual consent. The court concluded the fourth and fifth amendments to
Bonnie’s revocable trust were invalid and unenforceable. It noted summary
judgment was not sought on the issues of whether Bonnie was entitled to a
present interest in Darrell’s revocable trust, whether Jonathan had breached his
fiduciary duties and should be removed as the trustee, and whether Bonnie was
entitled to an accounting. Those issues remained for trial.
Plaintiffs filed a motion to amend and enlarge on August 7, 2013, claiming
the court had improperly found Bonnie did not have the right to amend her
revocable trust at any time and the trusts were mutual revocable trusts. The
district court entered an order on August 19, 2013, denying the motion to
reconsider.
On September 11, 2013, plaintiffs filed an application for interlocutory
appeal with the Iowa Supreme Court, and on September 17, 2013, filed a “Notice
That an Appeal was Filed” in the district court. Jonathan resisted the application
for interlocutory appeal on the ground the motion to amend and enlarge was not
a proper motion pursuant to Iowa Rule of Civil Procedure 1.904(2), and therefore
it did not extend the time for filing an appeal, making plaintiffs’ appeal untimely.
The supreme court entered an order on October 15, 2013, determining the
following issues should be submitted with the appeal: (1) whether plaintiffs were
entitled to appeal as a matter of right or if their appeal was interlocutory in nature;
(2) whether the appeal or interlocutory appeal was timely; and (3) if this case
involved a timely interlocutory appeal, whether it should be granted. The case
was subsequently transferred to this court.
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II. Timeliness of Appeal.
A. We first address whether the plaintiffs were entitled to appeal as a
matter of right from the district court’s grant of partial summary judgment or
whether this case involves an interlocutory appeal. In their appellate briefs, both
parties agree plaintiffs were entitled to appeal as a matter of right from the grant
of partial summary judgment because it should be considered a final judgment
under Iowa Code section 633.36 (2011).
Section 633.36 provides, “All orders and decrees of the court sitting in
probate are final decrees as to the parties having notice and those who have
appeared without notice.” Revocable trusts are governed by chapter 633A. Iowa
Code § 633A.3101-.3112; In re Trust No. T-1 of Trimble, 826 N.W.2d 474, 483
(Iowa 2013). For trusts governed by chapter 633A, “[t]he district court sitting in
probate has exclusive jurisdiction of the proceedings concerning the internal
affairs of a trust . . . and other actions and proceedings involving a trust and third
persons.” Iowa Code § 633A.6106(1). Because section 633.36 applies to “[a]ll
orders and decrees of the court sitting in probate,” and this case was heard in
probate, we conclude section 633.36 applies in the present proceedings.
The Iowa Supreme Court has determined section 633.36 does not apply
to all procedural orders. In re Estate of Troester, 331 N.W.2d 123, 126 (Iowa
1983). “We conclude that the legislature by the enactment of section 633.36 did
not intend to provide finality and thus make appealable those procedural rulings
that are found in probate proceedings such as orders concerning motions to
continue and applications for hearing.” Id. “We interpret the broad language of
section 633.36 to exclude ordinary orders normally found in other civil actions.”
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Id. The district court’s grant of partial summary judgment was a ruling on the
merits of at least some of the issues in this case, and not a ruling on procedural
matters, such as a motion to continue. Thus, by the operation of section 633.36
the district court’s grant of partial summary judgment was a final decision and
could be appealed as a matter of right.1 See Iowa R. App. P. 6.101(1)(b).
B. We turn next to the question of whether plaintiffs’ appeal is timely. A
notice of appeal must be filed within thirty days after the filing of a final order or
judgment. Id.; Root v. Toney, 841 N.W.2d 83, 87 (Iowa 2013). If a party files a
timely motion pursuant to Iowa Rule of Civil Procedure 1.904(2), a notice of
appeal must be filed within thirty days after the court rules on the motion. Iowa
R. App. P. 6.101(1)(b); Bauer v. Bauer Farms, Inc., 832 N.W.2d 663, 668 (Iowa
2013). If a party does not file a timely notice of appeal, we do not have subject
matter jurisdiction to hear the appeal. Bauer, 832 N.W.2d at 668.
The district court entered its partial order of summary judgment August 6,
2013, and the notice of appeal was filed September 11, 2013. We have
jurisdiction to consider plaintiffs’ appeal only if their motion to enlarge and amend
tolled the time for filing an appeal.2 See id. (noting the court had jurisdiction only
if a party’s post-trial motion constituted a proper rule 1.904(2) motion). “[A]n
1
Because of our conclusions in the next division of this case, we do not at this time
expressly address the issue of whether the district court’s ruling on plaintiffs’ motion to
amend and enlarge would be considered a final decree under section 633.36.
2
We look to the substance of a motion and not to the name on the motion. Zimmer v.
Vander Waal, 780 N.W.2d 730, 732 (Iowa 2010). Rule 1.904(2) “authorizes motions to
enlarge and amend findings and conclusions and to modify the judgment or substitute a
different one.” Kagan’s Numismatic Auctions, Inc. v. Criswell, 284 N.W.2d 224, 226
(Iowa 1979). If a motion to enlarge and amend is actually a rule 1.904(2) motion, we will
treat it as such. See id. For purposes of our discussion, we will consider plaintiffs’
motion to enlarge and amend as a rule 1.904(2) motion.
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untimely or improper rule 1.904(2) motion cannot extend the time for appeal.” In
re Marriage of Okland, 699 N.W.2d 260, 266-67 (Iowa 2005).
In the past, a rule 1.904(2) motion was not an authorized method for
challenging a summary judgment ruling, and therefore, such a motion could not
operate to extend the time for filing an appeal after a summary judgment ruling.
See Orr v. Iowa Pub. Serv. Co., 277 N.W.2d 899, 900 (Iowa 1979). Iowa Rule of
Civil Procedure 1.981(3) was amended in 1980 to provide, “If summary judgment
is rendered on the entire case, rule [1.904(2)] shall apply.”3 People’s Trust &
Sav. Bank v. Baird, 346 N.W.2d 1, 3 (Iowa 1984). This rule permits the filing of a
rule 1.904(2) motion after summary judgment is rendered on the entire case.
Easter Lake Estates, Inc. v. Polk Cnty., 444 N.W.2d 72, 74 (Iowa 1989). The
ability to file a rule 1.904(2) motion to challenge a summary judgment ruling is
dependent upon rule 1.981(3). Kunau v. Miller, 328 N.W.2d 529, 530 (Iowa
1983) (“Otherwise rule [1.904(2)] would not apply in those situations.”).
As noted above, rule 1.981(3) provides, “If summary judgment is rendered
on the entire case, rule 1.904(2) shall apply.” (Emphasis added.) In the present
case, the district court entered a “Partial Order of Summary Judgment.”
Therefore, under rule 1.981(3), because summary judgment was not rendered on
the entire case, rule 1.904(2) does not apply. See Gardner v. Hartford Ins.
Accident & Indem. Co., 659 N.W.2d 198, 202 (Iowa 2003) (noting “the district
court rendered summary judgment upon the entire case”).
3
Iowa Rule of Civil Procedure 1.904(2) was formerly rule 179(b) and rule 1.981(3) was
formerly rule 237(c). See Vande Kop v. McGill, 528 N.W.2d 609, 613 (Iowa 1995) (using
former rule numbers).
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Only a timely and proper rule 1.904(2) motion will toll the time for filing an
appeal. Sierra Club Iowa Chapter v. Iowa Dep’t of Transp., 832 N.W.2d 636, 640
(Iowa 2013). Plaintiffs’ post-trial motion was not a proper rule 1.904(2) motion
because it did not meet the requirements of rule 1.981(3). Because the time for
filing an appeal was not extended by the filing of the motion to amend and
enlarge, the notice of appeal filed more than thirty days after the district court’s
ruling granting partial summary judgment was untimely. A party’s “failure to file a
timely notice of appeal leaves us without subject matter jurisdiction to hear the
appeal.” See Bauer, 832 N.W.2d at 668.
C. The third issue raised in the Iowa Supreme Court’s order was whether,
if we determined this case involved an interlocutory appeal and if the appeal was
timely, the application for interlocutory appeal should be granted. We have
determined this case does not involve an interlocutory appeal and was not timely.
Therefore, we do not further address this issue.
We are without subject matter jurisdiction to address the merits of the
issues raised by plaintiffs in this case and dismiss the appeal. We deny plaintiffs’
request for attorney fees. Costs of this appeal are assessed to plaintiffs.
APPEAL DISMISSED.