State of Iowa v. Leah Morgan Mallory

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA
No. 17-0590
Filed November 8, 2017
STATE OF IOWA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
vs.
LEAH MORGAN MALLORY,
Defendant-Appellant.
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Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Sioux County, Robert J. Dull,
District Associate Judge.
Leah Mallory appeals her conviction and sentence after pleading guilty to
assault on persons engaged in certain occupations. AFFIRMED AND
REMANDED.
Jared R. Weber, Orange City, for appellant.
Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Genevieve Reinkoester, Assistant
Attorney General, for appellee.
Considered by Danilson, C.J., and Doyle and Mullins, JJ.
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DOYLE, Judge.
Leah Mallory appeals her conviction and sentence after pleading guilty to
assault on persons engaged in certain occupations, an aggravated
misdemeanor, in violation of Iowa Code sections 708.1 and 708.3A(3) (2017).
She challenges the voluntary, knowing, and intelligent nature of her plea and
argues her trial counsel was ineffective in allowing her to plead guilty. She also
challenges the sentence imposed.
I. Background Facts and Proceedings.
The State initially charged Mallory with three counts of assault on persons
engaged in certain occupations—one count as an aggravated misdemeanor and
two counts as serious misdemeanors. Mallory agreed to plead guilty to the
aggravated-misdemeanor charge in exchange for the State dropping the serious-
misdemeanor charges and agreeing to recommend a sentence of 365 days in jail
with all but twenty-one days of the sentence suspended. Mallory waived her right
to file a motion in arrest of judgment, her right to an in-court plea colloquy, and
her right to make a statement in mitigation of punishment. The district court
accepted the plea after finding it was entered voluntarily and intelligently and was
supported by a factual basis. The court sentenced Mallory as recommended in
the plea agreement.
II. Ineffective Assistance of Counsel.
Mallory appeals her conviction, arguing her plea was not voluntarily,
knowingly, and intelligently entered. Mallory failed to challenge her plea by filing
a motion in arrest of judgment. Therefore, she alleges her trial counsel was
ineffective in allowing her to plead guilty. See State v. Straw, 709 N.W.2d 128,
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133 (Iowa 2006) (stating a defendant’s failure to move in arrest of judgment bars
direct appeal of a conviction but not a claim that the failure was a result of
ineffective assistance of counsel).
We review ineffective-assistance claims de novo. See id. In order to
establish ineffective assistance of counsel, Mallory must show by a
preponderance of the evidence that her counsel failed to perform an essential
duty and that failure prejudiced her. See id. We may resolve the claim on direct
appeal only if the record is adequate; if not, we preserve the claim to allow full
development of the facts during postconviction proceedings. See id.
Mallory argues she did not enter her plea voluntarily, knowingly, and
intelligently because she was never informed of the minimum and maximum
penalties for the charge. See State v. Philo, 697 N.W.2d 481, 488 (Iowa 2005)
(“If a plea is not intelligently and voluntarily made, the failure by counsel to file a
motion in arrest of judgment to challenge the plea constitutes a breach of an
essential duty.”). Iowa Rule of Criminal Procedure 2.8(2)(b)(2) requires the
court1 to inform a defendant who pleads guilty of “[t]he mandatory minimum
punishment, if any, and the maximum possible punishment provided by the
statute defining the offense to which the plea is offered.” We require “substantial
compliance” with this rule. State v. Fischer, 877 N.W.2d 676, 682 (Iowa 2016).
The written guilty plea sets forth the mandatory minimum and maximum
prison sentence, fine, and costs associated with the charge. However, Mallory
1
Although, typically, the court must address a defendant personally in open court to
inform the defendant of the rights a guilty plea waives, Mallory was permitted to waive
that requirement because she was pleading guilty to an aggravated misdemeanor and
the required information was set forth in the written plea. See Iowa R. Crim. P. 2.8(2)(b).
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argues her plea was deficient because she was never informed the fine and
surcharges could be suspended. Under Iowa Code section 901.5(3), the court
has the power to suspend the execution of any part of a sentence, including a
fine, unless specifically negated by statute. See State v. Klein, 574 N.W.2d 347,
348 (Iowa 1998). The decision to suspend a fine is discretionary. See id. at 348-
49; State v. Gray, 514 N.W.2d 78, 79 (Iowa 1994). The court is only required to
inform a defendant who pleads guilty of the mandatory minimum sentence for the
offense. See Iowa R. Crim. P. 2.8(2)(b)(2). Nothing requires that a defendant be
informed of the court’s discretionary ability to suspend a fine. Because counsel
did not breach an essential duty when Mallory pled guilty without knowledge of
the court’s ability to suspend the fine and surcharges, Mallory’s ineffective-
assistance claim fails. We affirm her conviction.
III. Sentence.
Mallory next challenges the sentence imposed. We afford the district
court discretion in imposing a sentence that falls within the statutory limits. See
State v. Thacker, 862 N.W.2d 402, 405 (Iowa 2015). We only interfere with the
sentence if an abuse of that discretion is shown. See id. In exercising its
discretion, the court must “weigh all pertinent matters in determining a proper
sentence, including the nature of the offense, the attending circumstances, the
defendant’s age, character, and propensities or chances for reform.” Id. (quoting
State v. Johnson, 476 N.W.2d 330, 335 (Iowa 1991)).
To allow for review of its sentence, the district court must state on the
record its reasons for selecting a particular sentence, though it need not provide
detailed reasons. See State v. Jacobs, 607 N.W.2d 679, 690 (Iowa 2000). The
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failure to provide any reasons for selecting a sentence will, alone, warrant
vacation of the sentence. See State v. Oliver, 588 N.W.2d 412, 415 (Iowa 1998).
Mallory argues the court failed to sufficiently state its reasons for imposing
the sentence. In its order, the district court stated it was considering the plea
agreement, the sentencing option that would provide the maximum opportunity
for Mallory’s rehabilitation, and the sentence that would afford the protection of
the community from further offenses committed by Mallory and others. These
reasons, though stated succinctly, are sufficient to afford review. See Jacobs,
607 N.W.2d at 690 (stating a cursory explanation for selecting the sentence
imposed will suffice). The court acted within its discretion in imposing the
sentence, which we affirm.
IV. Error in the Written Judgment.
Finally, Mallory complains that although she entered a plea of guilty to
assault on persons engaged in certain occupations pursuant to Iowa Code
section 708.3A(3), the written judgment erroneously identifies the statute for the
crime as section 708.2(3). Although Mallory claims this error is substantive, it is
clear the error was clerical. See State v. Hess, 533 N.W.2d 525, 527 (Iowa
1995) (“An error is clerical in nature if it is not the product of judicial reasoning
and determination.”). Accordingly, we remand to the district court to enter a nunc
pro tunc order so that the written judgment reflects the correct charge and code
section of Mallory’s conviction. See id. at 529 (stating the correct remedy for a
clerical error is for the district court to correct the judgment entry by nunc pro tunc
order).
AFFIRMED AND REMANDED.