IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA
No. 14-0474
Filed December 24, 2014
IN THE MATTER OF THE ESTATE
OF HELEN M. MARTIN, Deceased.
JAMES MARTIN and FRANK MARTIN III,
Intervenors-Appellants,
vs.
THOMPSON FAMILY HOLDINGS, LLC,
Claimant-Appellee.
________________________________________________________________
Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Linn County, Douglas S. Russell,
Judge.
Personal representatives of a reopened estate appeal the district court’s
denial of their motion to vacate the reopening. REVERSED AND REMANDED.
Jonathan E. Kramer of Whitfield & Eddy, P.L.C., Des Moines, for
appellants.
Catherine E. Hult of Lane & Waterman, L.L.P., Davenport, for appellee.
Considered by Potterfield, P.J., and Tabor and Mullins, JJ.
2
TABOR, J.
This appeal involves the propriety of reopening an estate under Iowa
Code section 633.489 (2013). The district court granted a motion filed by
Thompson Family Holdings, LLC to reopen the estate of Helen Martin, who died
in 1990. Thompson is a subsequent purchaser of the Linn County property in
which Helen Martin held an undivided two-thirds interest at the time of her death.
After the foreclosure judgment on this heavily mortgaged property, it sold at a
sheriff’s sale in December 1991. But, the bank did not include Helen Martin’s
estate as a defendant in the foreclosure suit. During the administration of
Helen’s estate, the personal representative—Frank Martin II1—transferred the
estate’s interest in the foreclosed property to his sons, Helen’s grandsons, James
Martin and Frank Martin III (the Martins), by a court officer deed on March 2,
1994. On March 4, 1994, the probate court approved the supplemental final
report of the estate.
Thompson now desires to remove a “cloud on the title” to its real estate
and alleges the estate is an essential party to its quiet title action. The district
court agreed and appointed the Martins as co-personal representatives of the
reopened estate. The Martins sought to vacate the reopening order and reclose
their grandmother’s estate. The court denied their motion, and they now appeal.2
1
Frank Martin II, Helen’s son, is now deceased.
2
Section 633.489 permits a district court to consider reopening an estate based on a
petition filed by “any interested person.” The Martins contend the district court abused
its discretion in finding Thompson was an “interested person” under the statutory
language. We decline to address this issue. See In re Estate of Witzke, 359 N.W.2d
183, 184 (Iowa 1984) (declining to address whether the petitioners are “interested
persons” when there was no proper cause for reopening the estate).
3
The Martins contend the court abused its discretion in finding Thompson
advanced a “proper cause” for reopening Helen’s estate.
While district courts have broad discretion to reopen an estate to correct
an alleged error in administration under section 633.489, any interest the estate
had in Thompson’s property was transferred to the Martins before the court-
approved closing of the estate. Because the estate has no interest in the
property and the court-approved sale is entitled to finality, the district court
abused its discretion by reopening the estate.
I. Background Facts and Proceedings
The real property at issue in this case is identified as Lot 1, M. and R.
Industrial Addition to Cedar Rapids, Linn County, Iowa. Helen Martin received a
warranty deed to that property in March 1968.3 In 1986 she transferred a one-
sixth interest in the property to each of her two sons, Frank Martin II and Michael
Martin, as tenants in common—leaving her with an undivided two-thirds interest
in the real estate. Michael Martin died in January 1987. In October 1987 Helen
Martin mortgaged her interest in the property to secure a debt of $400,000 owed
by Martin Brothers Equipment and Supply Company to then Merchants National
Bank of Cedar Rapids. At the same time, Helen’s son, Frank Martin II, and the
estate of her son Michael also gave mortgages on the property to secure that
3
Although the record contains the district court’s docket card for the probate action on
the Helen Martin estate, the probate files were destroyed during the flooding in Cedar
Rapids. Therefore, our explanation of the historical facts is derived from a combination
of the probate docket card and the abstract of the subject property. The Michael Martin
estate’s December 30, 1987 report and inventory valued Michael’s one-sixth interest in
the property at $10,496.33 and valued the total property at $62,978.
4
debt. Helen died on January 29, 1990, and her estate opened in February 1990.
Frank Martin II was appointed as personal representative.
Merchants National Bank initiated a foreclosure action on July 6, 1990.
The bank named as defendants, among others, Twenty-Seven Ten, Inc.; Frank
Martin II; and the executor of the estate of Michael Martin. The bank did not
name the executor of the estate of Helen Martin.
An inventory filed by Helen’s estate on August 23, 1990, listed a two-thirds
interest in the subject property as an asset—total property value of $70,000 and
two-third interest value of $46,667. The inventory also listed Helen’s shares of
stock giving her a sixty-one percent ownership in Twenty-Seven Ten, Inc.4
The July 16, 1992 final report for Helen’s estate noted she died owning the
subject property and also stated: “2/3 interest – Foreclosed by [Merchants
National Bank]. Judgment [was] approximately $485,000. The Judgment was
based on a 1987 Note to Martin Brothers Equipment and supply for $400,000.
Sheriff’s sale was held on 12-27-91 and the [bank] bid approximately $70,000 for
the lot.” That same month, several beneficiaries objected to the final report,
stating: “This estate was not made a party to the foreclosure proceedings . . .
therefore, disposition of the stock in Twenty-Seven Ten, Inc., remains to be
resolved.” Ten months later, the court’s May 26, 1993 order overruled the
4
The inventory explained Twenty-Seven Ten, Inc.’s only asset is “the real estate and
building in which Martin Brothers Equipment and Supply Company operates. This
property is presently for sale and it is hoped that it will net $500,000. It is pledged as
security . . . and is presently in foreclosure.” The inventory projected a $100,000 surplus
for the company’s shareholders after the existing debt was paid.
5
objections on the disposition of the stock, found no ambiguity in the will, and
ordered the distribution of the estate.
A few days later, on June 4, 1993, Frank Martin II filed a motion to amend
or enlarge, alleging “the estate of Helen Martin was not named in the foreclosure
suit brought by Merchants National Bank, and thus the estate’s undivided 2/3
interest in Lot 1, M & R Industrial Addition to Cedar Rapids, Iowa has not been
foreclosed.” Several beneficiaries resisted the motion, claiming those alleged
facts were “irrelevant to any of the issues before the Court as they have no
relation to the administration” of Helen’s estate. The court’s June 23 order
overruled the motion for the reasons set forth in the resistance.
Both the personal representative and the beneficiaries appealed the
ruling, but the appeals were dismissed, apparently due to a March 3, 1994
settlement agreement noted on the probate docket card. A day before the
settlement agreement, on March 2, 1994, Frank Martin II, issued a court officer
deed to his sons, James Martin and Frank Martin III, conveying an undivided two-
thirds interest in the subject property for one dollar in consideration. A day after
the settlement agreement, on March 4, 1994, the court approved a supplemental
final report for Helen’s estate.
Thompson’s claim to the property originated in the bank’s foreclosure
action. The district court held a hearing in the foreclosure action in October 1991
and ordered the mortgages foreclosed and the property sold. After the
December 1991 foreclosure sale, a sheriff’s deed to the bank was recorded on
6
June 25, 1992.5 On that same date, a special warranty deed was recorded
showing a transfer of the property from the bank to the Small Business
Administration. The Small Business Administration deeded the property to
Edmund and Carol Conroy on October 12, 1993, and the Conroys transferred the
property to Claddagh, L.C. by quitclaim deed in November 1993.6 Claddagh sold
the property to Thompson on contract, which was recorded on September 23,
2008.
The March 2, 1994 court officer deed (or executor’s deed) from Frank
Martin II to his sons, filed in the abstract of title on April 19, 1994, is the “cloud”
that prompted Thompson to file its petition to quiet title in March 2013. The quiet
title petition alleged:
The probate of the Estate of Helen M. Martin is unclear as to
whether the intent of the Executor’s Deed was to grant Frank Martin
III and James Martin the 2/3 interest in the Property or to grant
Frank Martin III and James Martin rights to any proceeds of the
foreclosure of the 2/3 interest in the Property since the same had
already been foreclosed, sold under sheriff’s Sale to the lender and
further sold to a good faith purchaser for value, Edmund F. and
Carol A. Conroy, prior to the Executor’s Deed.
Thompson’s petition to quiet title further alleged Helen Martin’s estate, Frank
Martin III, and James Martin “may claim some interest in the Property due to the
5
The abstract notes the July 23, 1992 final report in Michael Martin’s estate provides
that pursuant to an October 1, 1991 court order, the executor was authorized to sell the
estate’s one-sixth interest in the property to Diane G. Martin (Michael’s wife). “However,
such real estate was subject to a pending foreclosure action . . . and a foreclosure
decree was entered October 21, 1991, and a sheriff’s sale was held on December 29,
1991, [and] the redemption period expired June 29, 1992.” Therefore, “the [Michael
Martin] estate had no interest in the property to convey and no interest was conveyed to
Diane G. Martin.” The Michael Martin estate was closed in August 1992.
6
According to the abstract of title, the quitclaim deed recites: “Grantors have heretofore
held title as Grantee’s agent.”
7
Supplemental Report of the Probate Court and the Executor’s Deed as described
herein.”
Two months after filing its quiet title action, on May 17, 2013, Thompson
filed a petition to reopen Helen Martin’s estate and to reappoint a personal
representative. The petition to reopen stated:
The opening of the Estate is necessary to clarify that the Estate
was divested of the Real Estate under a foreclosure sale and that a
subsequent order of the Court in the Estate administration
transferring the Real Estate to specific beneficiaries only
transferred rights to proceeds, if any, remaining after the
foreclosure sale.
On the same day, the district court granted the petition to reopen and appointed
the Martins as co-personal representatives. The order provided: “That the Estate
shall be re-closed upon entry of a Final Decree in the Quiet Title Action.”
In September 2013, the Martins moved to vacate the reopening order and
reclose the estate. Thompson resisted and claimed:
The Executor’s Deed dated March 2, 1994 . . . was given almost
two years after the completion of a foreclosure in which the
property was sold at Sheriff’s sale and a Sheriff’s Deed . . .
recorded June 25, 1992 . . . was issued to Petitioner’s predecessor
in title.
On February 4, 2014, the district court held an unreported, telephonic
hearing on the matter, which was later summarized in a “settled and approved
statement of evidence” for purposes of this appeal. On February 19, 2014, the
court denied the Martins’ motion. The Martins filed a timely notice of appeal from
that denial.
8
II. Principles of Reopening
The Iowa probate code addresses the reopening of estates in three
sections of Division VII, Part 9. See Iowa Code §§ 633.487,7 .488,8 .489.9 Our
supreme court recently summarized the purpose of those three provisions:
[S]ection 633.487 essentially cuts off the rights of persons who
received notice of the final report to contest distribution or prior acts
of administration, except in the case of fraud. Section 633.488
imposes a five-year deadline on persons who did not receive notice
to seek a “new accounting” or a “redistribution” of property that
7
Iowa Code section 633.487 states:
Limitation on rights. No person, having been served [or waived]
notice of the hearing upon the final report and accounting of a personal
representative . . . shall, after the entry of the final order approving the
same . . . have any right to contest, in any proceeding, other than by
appeal, the correctness or the legality of the inventory, the accounting,
distribution, or other acts of the personal representative, or the list of heirs
set forth in the final report . . . provided, however, that nothing . . . shall
prohibit any action against the personal representative . . . on account of
any fraud committed by the personal representative.
8
Iowa Code section 633.488 states:
Reopening settlement. Whenever a final report has been
approved and a final accounting has been settled in the absence of any
person adversely affected and without notice to the person, the hearing
on such report and accounting may be reopened at any time within five
years from the entry of the order approving the same, upon the
application of such person, and, upon a hearing, after such notice as the
court may prescribe to be served upon the personal representative and
the distributees, the court may require a new accounting, or a
redistribution from the distributees. In no event, however, shall any
distributee be liable to account for more than the property distributed to
that distributee. If any property of the estate shall have passed into the
hands of good faith purchasers for value, the rights of such purchasers
shall not, in any way, be affected.
9
Iowa Code 633.489 states:
Reopening administration. Upon the petition of any interested
person, the court may . . . order an estate reopened if other property be
discovered, if any necessary act remains unperformed, or for any other
proper cause appearing to the court. It may . . . appoint another personal
representative, to administer any additional property or to perform other
such acts as may be deemed necessary. The provisions of law as to
original administration shall apply, insofar as applicable, to accomplish
the purpose for which the estate is reopened, but a claim which is already
barred can, in no event, be asserted in the reopened administration.
9
passed through an estate. Section 633.489 allows a party to
request reopening of the estate at any time, regardless of prior
notice or the lack thereof, “if other property be discovered, if any
necessary act remains unperformed, or for any other proper
cause.”
In re Estate of Sampson, 838 N.W.2d 663, 667 (Iowa 2013) (citations omitted).
Noting the titles of the various sections are informative, the court explained
section 633.487 is intended as a “limitation on rights” of persons
who received notice of hearing on the final report. Meanwhile,
section 633.488 is about reopening settlement—e.g., seeking to
redistribute property from one party to another—whereas section
633.489 is about reopening administration—e.g., seeking to
distribute newly discovered property . . . or performance of required
but omitted acts of personal representatives.
Id.
We review the district court’s decision to reopen an estate under section
633.489 for an abuse of discretion. In re Estate of Roethler, 801 N.W.2d 833,
837 (Iowa 2011). An abuse occurs if the court exercises its discretion “on
grounds clearly untenable, or to an extent, clearly unreasonable.” In re Estate of
Lynch, 491 N.W.2d 157, 161 (Iowa 1992). “Under section 633.489 the court is
provided broad discretion in determining whether an estate should be reopened.”
Id. at 160.
The final clause of section 633.489 permits the district court to reopen an
estate “for any other proper cause appearing to the court.” “The meaning of this
language is not explained in the statute [or] the legislative history.” Witzke, 359
N.W.2d at 185. The “other proper cause” language allows the district court to
exercise discretion in considering a petition that alleges a cause for reopening
10
other than the discovery of additional property or the performance of a necessary
act. Id.
In Witzke, the court resolved a similar section 633.489 issue that likewise
involved the interplay between a court officer deed and a request to reopen an
estate. See id. The purchasers of land who held a court officer deed from the
estate filed a petition to reopen the estate, alleging they discovered the
administrator fraudulently misrepresented the boundaries of the realty after the
estate had been closed. Id. at 184. The district court refused to reopen the
estate, and the supreme court upheld the refusal because “fraudulent
misrepresentations by an administrator in selling estate property do not render
the estate liable for damages, but only the administrator personally.” Id. at 185;
see Roethler, 801 N.W.2d at 838 (stating the Witzke court “reasonably
determined that holding the estate liable for an administrator’s fraud was an
undesirable reason to reopen the estate”). Witzke discussed judicial sales and
recognized the “undesirability of allowing recovery by a purchaser against the
estate (as distinguished from the administrator)”:
“Judicial sales . . . are of a peculiar nature. Unlike ordinary sales
transactions, the proceeds from judicial sales are not kept by the
vendor . . . but are distributed to the creditors of the estate to satisfy
debts. The need for stability and finality in such sales is great.
Both the estate and the creditors are entitled to rely on the final
distribution of the proceeds of a judicial sale.”
359 N.W.2d at 185 (quoting Bormann v. Simpson, 359 N.E.2d 824, 828 (Ill. App.
Ct. 1977)). We note the court approved the sale of the Helen Martin estate’s
interest in the property, whatever that interest entailed, to the Martins. Thus, the
Martins hold their deed by virtue of a court-approved sale.
11
Finally, Witzke discussed the practical difficulties that weighed against
reopening the estate:
Other practical difficulties connected with the reopening of
the estate under these circumstances include payment of attorney
fees for representing the estate in the action against it, and
payment of court costs by the estate if judgment should ultimately
be entered against it. In connection therewith there would be the
problem of the estate attempting to get back funds that had already
been paid to the distributees or creditors prior to the closing of the
estate so the reopened estate could honor petitioners’ claim, if it is
allowed by the court.
Id. The same practical difficulties regarding costs and attorney fees would occur
if the Helen Martin estate remains reopened.
In Lynch, the case relied upon by the district court in ordering Helen’s
estate reopened, the supreme court again considered the for-any-other-proper-
cause provision of section 633.489 and ruled an estate should be reopened to
correct the overpayment of executor and attorney fees; the overpayment was
based on the executor’s mistaken belief a marital trust was part of the gross
estate. 491 N.W.2d at 159–61. The court decided the overpayment mistake was
a matter of administration and not a challenge to the underlying distribution of
property under the will. Id. at 161 (stating the reopening “to allow the court to
recalculate the fees . . . does not deprive the [executor] of any fees rightfully
owed to it”); see Sampson, 838 N.W.2d at 669 (stating “Lynch should be viewed
as a case involving estate administration”); Roethler, 801 N.W.2d at 838 (stating
the Lynch court “noted ‘equitable principles’ favored reopening the estate to
prevent the [executor] from profiting from its mistake at the expense of the
beneficiaries”).
12
Subsequently, the Roethler court distinguished between reopening
settlement under section 633.488 and reopening administration under section
633.489. 801 N.W.2d at 839-840. The court explained section 633.489 “applies
where future events require administration of matters not considered in the final
report.” Id. at 840 (emphasis added). In the case at bar, the district court
approved the supplemental final report, which included the sale of the estate’s
interest in the property to the Martins; thus, this case does not involve
“administration of matters not considered in the final report.” See id.
Recently, the Sampson court discussed a situation where relatives of the
testator (who expected to inherit in the future after the testator’s spouse died)
sought to reopen the testator’s estate after the spouse’s death to correct an
alleged error in the prior distribution of the testator’s property among the heirs.
838 N.W.2d at 665-66. The court ruled the request to reopen, “purely and
simply, involves ‘redistributing property amongst distributees’” and is covered by
section 633.488 and time barred. Id. at 669. The Sampson court explained if
‘other proper cause’ were interpreted too expansively, it would subsume section
633.488’s five-year time limit on reopening settlement.” Id. at 670 (noting phrase
“other proper cause” was not intended “to dramatically enlarge the scope of
section 633.489 so it can be used to reopen settlement”).
With these principles in mind, we turn to the Martins’ arguments for
vacating the district court’s order to reopen the estate.
13
III. Analysis of Proper Cause for Reopening the Estate
The district court relied on Lynch in finding Thompson presented proper
cause to reopen the estate based on an alleged error in the administration,
namely the executor issuing the court officer deed. See Lynch, 491 N.W.2d at
161 (ruling the correction of an executor’s mistakes as to fees constituted proper
cause to reopen an estate). We find that reliance misplaced. The subsequent
case of Roethler stated section 633.489 “applies where future events require
administration of matters not considered in the final report.” 801 N.W.2d at 840.
Here, the sale to the Martins was considered and approved in the final report.
The recent Sampson case emphasized: “Again, [Lynch] did not affect the
previously approved plan of distribution.” 838 N.W.2d at 669. Here, the
previously approved plan of distribution included the court-approved sale of
estate’s interest in the property to the Martins.
On appeal, the Martins question whether their father, as personal
representative of their grandmother’s estate, committed a Lynch-type “mistake” in
conveying the estate’s interest in the property to them. They contend rather than
correcting a later-detected mistake, Thompson’s goal in reopening the estate is
to “un-administer real estate specifically contemplated and administered during
the Estate and after such sale was approved by the District Court in 1994.” The
Martins also deny the estate is affected by the Thompson quiet title proceeding
because the judicial sale to them resulted in the estate selling all of its interest in
the subject real estate. In sum, they do not believe any mistake needs
correcting:
14
Either [the estate] had an interest to sell, or it did not. Either
way, it does not have a real estate interest now. If the Estate has
an interest to sell in 1994, there is nothing wrong with the sale, and
there is no reason to open the Estate. If it did not have an interest
in 1994, then the people who would be harmed and would have
cause to complain would be the Martins in that the Martins would
have a potential claim against the Estate for selling a nullity.
Thompson counters that its quiet title action directly challenges the
executor’s deed given by the estate and failure to reopen the estate “would be to
omit a necessary party.”
The object of a quiet title action is “to determine all conflicting claims and
to remove all clouds from the title of the complainant.” Smith v. Cretors, 164
N.W. 338, 340–41 (Iowa 1917). Iowa probate cases recognize the important and
necessary interplay of probate proceedings and marketable title. See Sampson,
838 N.W.2d at 668; Roethler, 801 N.W.2d at 841. The Sampson court discussed
the importance of marketable title in Iowa:
The underlying policy of having a time limit for claims
regarding settlement but not administration makes sense. At some
point, it is desirable for the distribution of an estate to be recognized
as final, even if there was some flaw in the proceeding, such as a
failure to give formal notice to potential beneficiaries. Assets need
to be marketable, and recipients of estate property need to be able
to move on with their affairs.
On the other hand, if all efforts to reopen an estate were
subject to a five-year time bar, then this could handcuff the ability of
heirs to deal with unforeseen circumstances or result in assets
being unmarketable. For example, if additional property of the
testator were discovered six years after the closing of an estate,
absent section 633.489 there would be no way of dealing with the
property. Or if an error in a legal description surfaced six years
after the closing, section 633.489 provides a means of addressing
it.
838 N.W.2d at 668 (citing Shirley A. Webster, Decedents’ Estates: Succession
and Administration, 49 Iowa L. Rev. 638, 676-77 (1964)).
15
Here, there is no error in a legal description nor any newly discovered
property. Rather, the Martins’ title to the property is based on the court-approved
sale of the estate’s interest, whatever that interest may be, and the estate no
longer has any interest in the property. See Witzke, 359 N.W.2d at 185 (denying
reopening and recognizing the “need for stability and finality in such sales is
great”). Thus, resolving the effect of the deed held by the Martins on
Thompson’s record title requires the Martins as necessary parties but does not
require the estate. There is no proper cause to reopen Helen’s estate because it
has no remaining interest in the property. See Sampson, 834 N.W.2d at 670
(noting the phrase “other proper cause” is not intended “to dramatically enlarge
the scope of section 633.489 so it can be used to reopen settlement”).
We conclude the district court abused its discretion in denying the Martins’
motion to vacate the court’s order reopening the Helen Martin estate. We
reverse and remand for the entry of an order consistent with this opinion.
REVERSED AND REMANDED.