DocketNumber: No. 20,505
Citation Numbers: 99 Kan. 448
Judges: Porter
Filed Date: 1/6/1917
Status: Precedential
Modified Date: 9/8/2022
The opinion of the court was delivered by
In this action the township is sued to recover
Previous to the accident the township officers had made an arrangement with a contractor for building several new culverts, including one known as the Tedrow culvert, where plain- ’ tiff was injured. The township was to furnish áll materials, including form lumber. Elmberg, the contractor, began the construction of the culvert October 10, and left the work in about five days, expecting to return to remove the form lum- • ber and complete the construction of the new culvert. Under his contract he had nothing to do, with the work of repairing the highway further than to make the excavation for the new culvert and to construct it. , Soon after commencing work he removed the planking of the old culvert, which stood about-' twenty feet west of the new location, and used the lumber for forms in connection with the cement work. While he continued work there he put out a lantern at night. The accident to plaintiff occurred on the night of October 23, some days after the contractor had left the work. Elmberg testified that on leaving the work he placed a plank on end in. the excavation caused by the removal of the top of the old culvert and that he did not notify any of the township officers of the progress of the work, or what he had done, or that he was leaving the work. During the progress of the work public travel had made a well-beaten track about ten feet south of both culverts. The township trustee knew that the culvert was in the course of construction. Two days before beginning work on the Tedrow cujvert the contractor was finishing the construction of the Weir bridge at another place in. the township, and the trustee came there to see him, and directed him, when he had finished the work there, to begin the Tedrow culvert,' and to place it .twenty or thirty feet east Of the old one. It is not claimed that the trustee authorized or directed the re
We think the facts go no further than perhaps to tend to show constructive notice of conditions. The fact that the trustee knew the contractor had taken planks from the old Weir culvert to use in the cement construction there comes far ■short of tending to show that he actually knew what was done at the culvert in question.
It is said there can be no question that the work which the township caused to be done at the scene of the injury was such as caused the highway to be defective, and therefore the question of actual notice is one for the jury, because these conditions “fairly spelled danger,” citing Sims v. Williamsburg Township, 92 Kan. 636, 141 Pac. 581.
The difficulty is a failure of evidence to show that the trustee had actual knowledge of the conditions, that is, the removal of the planking from the old culvert which made it necessary to set up barriers or signals, and these are the only conditions plaintiff can, or, in fact, does rely upon. - The condition of the new structure had nothing to do with plaintiff’s accident. In
While actual knowledge may be established by circumstantial evidence, the same as in other cases (Watkins v. Harper County, 95 Kan. 166, 168, 147 Pac. 822), circumstances which go no further than to establish that the trustee had constructive notice are not sufficient, for the reason that the legislature has seen fit to limit the liability of counties and townships for injuries caused by defective highways to those cases where the existence of five days actual notice is established. The evidence shows gross negligence' on the part of the township officers in failing to know the actual conditions at the place where the plaintiff was injured and in not protecting the public by the erection of suitable barriers and warnings; but this is not sufficient of itself to establish liability. ' The plaintiff concedes the law to be that if the trustee had himself removed the planking, and the plaintiff’s injury had occurred less than five days thereafter, the township would not be liable under the statute. We fail to find any evidence which would have justified submitting the case to the jury on the question of notice. It follows that the judgment will be affirmed.