Barnes v. State

NOT DESIGNATED FOR PUBLICATION
No. 123,283
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF KANSAS
ANTHONY RAY BARNES,
Appellant,
v.
STATE OF KANSAS,
Appellee.
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Appeal from Sedgwick District Court; J. PATRICK WALTERS, judge. Opinion filed November 24,
2021. Affirmed.
Richard C. Paugh, of Pate & Paugh, LLC, of Wichita, for appellant.
Brittany N. Paschal, legal intern, Boyd K. Isherwood, assistant district attorney, Marc Bennett,
district attorney, and Derek Schmidt, attorney general, for appellee.
Before MALONE, P.J., POWELL and CLINE, JJ.
PER CURIAM: Anthony Ray Barnes challenges the district court's summary denial
of his second K.S.A 60-1507 motion. While he admits the district court correctly found
his motion successive and untimely, he claims the court erred in finding he did not satisfy
the exceptions to the one-year filing deadline and the statutory bar of successive motions.
We find no error in the district court's analysis and affirm.
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FACTS
Barnes walked into a gas station in 2006 and, after threatening a customer with a
gun, shot and killed the front-counter employee, allegedly because of hallucinations
caused by his schizophrenia. He was charged with first-degree murder and aggravated
assault.
At trial, Barnes' counsel argued that Barnes was not criminally responsible for his
actions because of his schizophrenia. This is known as the mental disease or defect
defense or, more colloquially, the "insanity" defense. In his opening arguments, Barnes'
counsel noted that Barnes was unable to receive his prescribed antipsychotic medication
after moving back to Kansas in January 2006. He implied that this contributed to Barnes'
inability to form the required intent for his criminal actions.
Midway through his jury trial, Barnes elected to waive his jury trial right and
proceed with a bench trial. Barnes' counsel had originally planned to called Dr. John
Wisner as an expert witness to establish that Barnes lacked the requisite intent for the
crimes charged. Since Dr. Wisner had not yet testified, Barnes' counsel submitted Dr.
Wisner's expert report instead. Ultimately, the district court rejected Barnes' defense and
found him guilty of both counts.
Barnes appealed to the Kansas Supreme Court in 2008, which affirmed his
convictions and sentences in 2011. State v. Barnes, 293 Kan. 240, 262 P.3d 297 (2011).
Barnes raised several issues in that appeal, including, as relevant here, whether there was
sufficient evidence to support Barnes' possession of the requisite mental state for first-
degree premeditated murder and aggravated assault. 293 Kan. at 241.
Following his direct appeal, Barnes filed a timely pro se K.S.A. 60-1507 motion in
2012. In this first motion, he repeated allegations of three trial errors decided in his direct
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appeal, along with a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel. The preprinted pro se
K.S.A. 60-1507 motion form instructed Barnes to explain why he had not previously
presented any new grounds for release. Barnes argued that he had not raised the new
grounds he now asserted because of the ineffective assistance of his counsel and that "the
medication I was not on or on before the shooting that the not [having] the drug induced
my paranoid thoughts."
After the district court summarily dismissed Barnes' K.S.A. 60-1507 claims
without an evidentiary hearing, Barnes appealed. This court affirmed the district court in
part, reversed in part, and remanded with instructions to conduct an evidentiary hearing
on Barnes' claim that his trial counsel was ineffective in failing to present a medical
expert as a witness at trial as part of his mental disease or defect defense. Barnes v. State,
No. 110,305, 2014 WL 7653859, at *1 (Kan. App. 2014) (unpublished opinion). The
district court denied Barnes' motion after an evidentiary hearing, and this court affirmed
its decision. Barnes v. State, No. 114,773, 2016 WL 6393386, at *1 (Kan. App. 2016)
(unpublished opinion).
Barnes filed his current K.S.A. 60-1507 motion on March 20, 2020, alleging
ineffective assistance of counsel, abuse of discretion by the trial judge, and prosecutorial
misconduct. In his pro se filing, he repeated the claims of ineffective assistance which he
raised in his first K.S.A. 60-1507 motion. The district court dismissed Barnes' motion as
untimely and successive upon its own inspection of the motion, files, and records of the
case.
ANALYSIS
As noted above, Barnes admits his K.S.A. 60-1507 motion was untimely and
successive. That said, Barnes argues the district court should have held an evidentiary
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hearing to prevent manifest injustice and because exceptional circumstances excuse his
failure to raise his arguments in his first K.S.A. 60-1507 motion. We disagree.
When a district court summarily denies a K.S.A. 60-1507 motion, we conduct a de
novo review to determine whether the motion, files, and records of the case conclusively
establish that the movant has no right to any relief. Thuko v. State, 310 Kan. 74, 80, 444
P.3d 927 (2019).
K.S.A. 2020 Supp. 60-1507(f)(1) provides that a defendant must bring a K.S.A.
60-1507 motion within one year of the termination of appellate jurisdiction. A district
court may only extend this time limit to prevent manifest injustice. K.S.A. 2020 Supp.
60-1507(f)(2). Under the manifest injustice standard, the outcome must be "'obviously
unfair'" or "'shocking to the conscience." Sherwood v. State, 310 Kan. 93, 99-100, 444
P.3d 966 (2019). In determining whether summary dismissal of a motion would
constitute manifest injustice, the court's inquiry is "limited to determining why the
prisoner failed to file the motion within the one-year time limitation or whether the
prisoner makes a colorable claim of actual innocence." K.S.A. 2020 Supp. 60-
1507(f)(2)(A). If the court, upon its own inspection of the motions, files, and records of
the case, determines dismissal of the motion would not be manifestly unjust, it must
dismiss the motion as untimely filed. K.S.A. 2020 Supp. 60-1507(f)(3).
Barnes argues the district court should have heard his motion because he claims he
only recently learned of the facts—the potential side effects of withdrawal from
haloperidol—that justify his claim. While he admits he did not explain his belated filing
to the district court, he argues the district court should have discerned his reason based on
the exhibits that he attached to his motion. In support of this argument, Barnes cites the
rule that pro se pleadings are to be liberally construed. Because we review the summary
dismissal of a K.S.A. 60-1507 motion de novo, we can address Barnes' arguments based
on the motions, files, and records of the case, even if they were newly raised.
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Barnes claims that, before he committed the crimes at issue, he was unable to
receive his prescription for haloperidol for a prolonged period. He argues that one of the
side effects of sudden withdrawal from haloperidol is a return of psychotic symptoms and
that this information should have been included as part of his mental disease or defect
defense at trial, rendering his counsel's performance deficient. Barnes also argues the side
effects of withdrawal prevented him from fully understanding the trial proceedings and
that counsel did not raise this issue at trial, further rendering his performance deficient.
Barnes claims he only recently learned about the possible side effects of
haloperidol because (1) he did not have the computer skills to research these side effects,
(2) he only recently obtained a copy of Dr. Wisner's report, and (3) neither his counsel
nor Dr. Wisner told him about the possible side effects of haloperidol. He also seems to
argue the medication he was prescribed while incarcerated affected his "mental
awareness" and contributed to his inability to discover the possible side effects of
haloperidol earlier.
Sherwood is instructive for assessing Barnes' claims. In that case, this court upheld
the district court's summary dismissal of Sherwood's untimely K.S.A. 60-1507 motion.
Sherwood filed a K.S.A. 60-1507 motion alleging ineffective assistance of trial and
appellate counsel and various sentencing errors nearly two decades after his conviction
had been upheld on direct appeal. Sherwood argued the district court had to hear his
untimely motion to prevent manifest injustice, as the filing delay was caused by his
learning disability, his inability to obtain legal assistance, and his inability to obtain
record documents to support the motion. In finding Sherwood's reasons for delay
unpersuasive, the court noted that Sherwood did not specify the nature and extent of his
condition and did not explain how, after such a long period, he was able to finally enlist
help from another inmate in filing his motion but was unable to obtain similar assistance
during the previous 18 years. Sherwood, 310 Kan. at 101.
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Barnes' excuses for the untimeliness of his motion are like those advanced by
Sherwood. And, like Sherwood, Barnes does not explain why he was now able, over a
decade after his conviction, to learn of the facts that prompt his claim. He does not argue
there was some external impediment that prevented him from previously accessing this
information. Rather, Barnes seems to imply that he eventually gained the computer skills
and mental competency to either realize the existence of his claim or research the facts
that formed its basis. Either way, he does not specify when or how this happened, and
what prevented him from overcoming these impediments at an earlier date. Under
Sherwood, this sort of explanation for a filing delay is unpersuasive. As a result, Barnes
has not shown that the refusal to hear his claims leads to an outcome that is "obviously
unfair" or "shocking to the conscience."
Furthermore, a review of the record here casts doubt on Barnes' claims of
ignorance. First, Barnes claims that he only recently obtained a copy of Dr. Wisner's
expert report. Yet, Barnes had a copy of this report as early as October 2015 because he
introduced the report at the evidentiary hearing for his first K.S.A. 60-1507 motion. He
also testified at the same hearing that he received and reviewed the report before the
hearing. Additionally, Barnes' inability to receive his prescription for haloperidol in the
months before the shooting, which led to a worsening of his schizophrenia, was a key
component of the defense he presented at trial. Barnes also raised similar arguments in
his first K.S.A. 60-1507 motion, in which he argued his inability to receive his
haloperidol prescription induced his hallucinations.
In sum, we do not find the district court's summary denial of Barnes' untimely
motion was manifestly unjust.
A district court may also refuse to hear a K.S.A. 60-1507 motion because it is a
second or successive motion for similar relief on behalf of the same prisoner. K.S.A.
2020 Supp. 60-1507(c). "[T]he prohibition against successive motions under K.S.A. 60-
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1507(c) bars not only claims actually raised in prior motions but also those claims that
could have been raised." Toney v. State, 39 Kan. App. 2d 944, 948, 187 P.3d 122 (2008);
see Dunlap v. State, 221 Kan. 268, 269-70, 559 P.2d 788 (1977). When a K.S.A. 60-1507
movant sets forth grounds for relief, the movant is presumed to have listed all grounds on
which he or she is relying, and a second K.S.A. 60-1507 motion, in which additional
grounds for relief are alleged, may properly be denied as successive and an abuse of
remedy. Lee v. State, 207 Kan. 185, 186, 483 P.2d 482 (1971). To avoid dismissal of a
second or successive K.S.A. 60-1507 motion, the movant must show that exceptional
circumstances exist. To make this showing, the movant must point to unusual events or
intervening changes in the law that prevented him or her from raising the issue in the
preceding K.S.A. 60-1507 motion. Thuko, 310 Kan. at 84.
Barnes' arguments about successiveness mirror those he makes as to timeliness.
And they are just as unpersuasive here. He does not explain how he was now able to
discover the facts underlying his motion but was unable to discover them before filing his
first motion, nor does he point to any changes in the law or "unusual events" which
justify his successive filing.
Barnes has not shown exceptional circumstances which would excuse the
successive nature of his motion. We find no error in the district court's summary
dismissal on this basis as well.
Affirmed.
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