In re A.E.

NOT DESIGNATED FOR PUBLICATION
No. 124,351
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF KANSAS
In the Interest of A.E.,
A Minor Child.
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Appeal from Johnson District Court; KATHLEEN SLOAN, judge. Opinion filed April 22, 2022.
Affirmed.
Richard P. Klein, of Lenexa, for appellant natural father.
Shawn E. Minihan, assistant district attorney, and Stephen M. Howe, district attorney, for
appellee.
Before ATCHESON, P.J., WARNER and HURST, JJ.
PER CURIAM: Father appeals the district court's adjudication of his child, A.E., as
a child in need of care (CINC) claiming that the child had adequate support and should
not have been placed in custody of the State. Notably, Father fails to challenge the facts
supporting the district court's CINC decision. Although not easily discernable from the
briefing, it appears Father is not only appealing the court's determination that A.E. was a
child in need of care but also the court's disposition after that determination. In the
interest of completeness, this court addresses both issues and finds that Father's
conclusory argument cannot overcome the district court's findings. The district court's
adjudication of A.E. as a child in need of care and disposition of her custody and
placement is affirmed.
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FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
During the State's investigations in this case, A.E. was 15 years old; she was 17 at
the time of the adjudication hearing and is now approaching the age of majority. In 2019,
the State petitioned the district court to declare A.E. a child in need of care claiming that
A.E. was without adequate parental care, control, or subsistence necessary for A.E.'s
physical, mental, or emotional health and had been physically, mentally, or emotionally
abused, or neglected or sexually abused. The State's case stemmed from a single incident
in October 2019 in which an argument between Mother and A.E. escalated and Mother
was accused of hitting A.E. with a hairbrush and belt, and Mother's boyfriend allegedly
threw A.E. across the room. Mother then locked A.E. and a sibling in the sibling's
bedroom but both children left the house and went to a friend's house. The police were
then contacted and they returned the children to Mother's house.
The day after the incident, both children went to school where a social worker
interviewed them and observed marks and bruises on A.E.'s legs and bottom. According
to the social worker, both children expressed fear and concern about returning to
Mother's house. The State placed both children in protective custody. The next day
Mother declined to speak to the social worker and advised she had retained legal counsel.
On October 3, 2019, the district court held an emergency hearing in which Mother
was present and represented by counsel, and Father was not present. The State requested
continued out-of-home placement for A.E. and a sibling. At that time, Mother was
"concerned about even requesting to have the children returned to the home" and the
court determined "[p]lacement outside the home is in the best—children's best interest"
and placed the children in "DCF Custody with authority for suitable placement." Then in
March 2021, the district court held another hearing in which Mother attended with
counsel and Father, who was incarcerated, appeared by counsel. At that hearing, Father's
attorney requested a hearing for the CINC adjudication, and Mother requested a hearing
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on her motion for lack of reasonable efforts. The court held a CINC adjudication hearing
on July 16, 2021, where neither Mother nor her counsel appeared, and Father was present
and appeared with counsel. The court ultimately adjudicated A.E. as a child in need of
care and ordered her to remain in the custody of the Kansas Department for Children and
Families (DCF).
Father appeals.
DISCUSSION
While Father clearly appeals from the district court's July 23, 2021 journal entry,
Father's specific claims are less clear. Father's notice of appeal is broad, stating he
appeals "from all judgments, findings, and conclusions adverse to him" and specifically
"from the judgment of the District Court finding that the child is in need of care, all as
reflected in the Journal Entry filed with the Clerk of the District Court on 7-23-2021." On
appeal, Father claims that the court erred in adjudicating A.E. as a child in need of care,
but he does not actually dispute the facts supporting the court's determination. Instead,
Father argues that the district court erred in placing A.E. in DCF custody after making the
child in need of care finding. Father's dispositional argument must be treated as legally
distinct from his claim that the court erred in adjudicating A.E. to be a child in need of
care. Compounding, or perhaps underlying, Father's confusion is the district court's
adjudication hearing and journal entry which combined the CINC adjudication with its
dispositional decision. As a result, this court will address both issues.
A short explanation of CINC procedures is necessary to fully address Father's
argument in this case. When a child is identified who might be living in an unhealthy or
unsafe environment, the State can file a court action to have that child adjudicated as a
"child in need of care." K.S.A. 2020 Supp. 38-2234; K.S.A. 2020 Supp. 38-2202(d).
After a court finds, by clear and convincing evidence, that a child is indeed a child in
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need of care, the inquiry continues. K.S.A. 2020 Supp. 38-2251(b). The court must then
determine the proper disposition for the child, which includes who will have legal
custody of the child and where the child will live. K.S.A. 2020 Supp. 38-2253(a); K.S.A.
2020 Supp. 38-2255(a)-(d). The court considers many factors related to the child's
physical and mental well-being in determining the proper placement and can place the
child in the physical and legal custody of the parent, a relative, a close friend, a foster
parent, or other suitable person or entity—including the State. K.S.A. 2020 Supp. 38-
2255(a)-(d). Often the CINC proceedings are separate from the disposition proceedings,
but that is not always required. K.S.A. 2020 Supp. 38-2253(b) ("An order of disposition
may be entered at the time of the adjudication if notice has been provided pursuant to
K.S.A. 38-2254."). After the district court adjudicates a child as a CINC and makes a
disposition decision there are many paths the proceedings may take, including
reunification with parents or termination of parental rights.
Any party or interested party may appeal "from any order of temporary custody,
adjudication, disposition, finding of unfitness or termination of parental rights." K.S.A.
2020 Supp. 38-2273(a). Here, Father is either appealing both the adjudication of A.E. as a
child in need of care and the court's disposition decision to place A.E. in DCF custody, or
just the disposition decision.
I. The district court did not err in adjudicating A.E. a child in need of care.
This court reviews the district court's CINC adjudication by viewing the evidence
in the light more favorable to the State and determining whether a rational fact-finder
could have found by clear and convincing evidence that the child was in fact a "child in
need of care." In re B.D.Y., 286 Kan. 686, 705, 187 P.3d 594 (2008). This review
dovetails the district court's standard of review, which required it to determine by clear
and convincing evidence that A.E. was a child in need of care. K.S.A. 2020 Supp. 38-
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2250. A child in need of care is broadly defined, among other things, as a child under the
under the age of 18 who:
"(1) Is without adequate parental care, control or subsistence and the condition is not due
solely to the lack of financial means of the child's parents or other custodian;
"(2) is without the care or control necessary for the child's physical, mental or emotional
health; or
"(3) has been physical, mentally or emotionally abused or neglected or sexually abused."
K.S.A. 2020 Supp. 38-2202(d)(1)-(3).
At the adjudication hearing in July 2021, the district court combined the CINC and
dispositional proceedings. The district court heard testimony from Father, who was
incarcerated at the time and thus unable to accept placement of A.E., and a DCF social
worker who investigated the alleged physical abuse of A.E. by Mother and Mother's
boyfriend. The social worker testified that she spoke to A.E. who reported that Mother
struck her with a hairbrush and belt on her legs and bottom, and the social worker
observed marks and bruises on A.E. consistent with that report. The social worker also
testified that A.E. "expressed fear and concern" about returning to Mother's home.
Mother refused to speak to the social worker, and the social worker was unable to ask
Mother to identify a possible placement or guardianship for A.E. The court also noted
Mother's prior no contest statement that A.E. was a child in need of care pursuant to
K.S.A. 2020 Supp. 38-2202(d)(2) and the guardian ad litem's prior stipulation that A.E.
was a child in need of care pursuant to K.S.A. 2020 Supp. 38-2202(d)(1)-(3). After
hearing the evidence, the district court adjudicated A.E. as a child in need of care
pursuant to K.S.A. 2020 Supp. 38-2202(d)(1)-(3) and proceeded to the disposition
decision.
On appeal, Father's only contention is that A.E. was not a child in need of care
"because [A.E.] was in a placement that the father could have arranged himself" and had
"a very strong family support group on both her mother and her father's side that were
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never contacted." Father also argues the district court should have considered his efforts
to maintain a relationship with A.E. while incarcerated—but that consideration relates to
proceedings to terminate parental rights, not to whether A.E. was a child in need of care.
See In re M.B., 39 Kan. App. 2d 31, 47, 176 P.3d 977 (2008). Father's parental rights
were not terminated—proceedings to terminate parental rights are distinct from the
court's determination that A.E. was a child in need of care at the time of the adjudication
hearing.
The district court heard no testimony or other evidence contradicting the State's
contention that A.E. was a child in need of care. Father did not dispute that Mother was
unable to provide adequate care for A.E. or that he was unable to accept placement of
A.E. Father did not dispute that Mother hit A.E. with a hairbrush and left bruises or that
A.E. was afraid of Mother. In fact, Father agreed that A.E. should not return to Mother's
house. Moreover, Mother agreed that A.E. was a child in need of care because she was
unable to provide for A.E.'s physical, mental, or emotional health. A.E.'s guardian ad
litem stipulated that A.E. was a child in need of care, and the district court heard evidence
that Mother hit A.E. and A.E. was afraid to return to Mother's home. There was clear and
convincing evidence—that is, evidence that establishes that the truth of the asserted facts
are highly probable—to support the district court's adjudication of A.E. as a child in need
of care. See In re B.D.Y., 286 Kan. at 705-06. The undisputed facts demonstrate it is
highly probable that A.E. was: (1) without adequate parental care, control, or
subsistence; (2) without care or control necessary for her physical, mental, or emotional
health; and (3) physically, mentally, or emotionally abused or neglected. See K.S.A. 2020
Supp. 38-2202(d)(1)-(3).
II. The district court did not err in placing A.E. in the custody of the State.
Unlike the review of the adjudication phase of the proceedings, this court reviews
the district court's dispositional decision for an abuse of discretion. In re P.J., 56 Kan.
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App. 2d 461, 465-66, 430 P.3d 988 (2018). In other words, this court will only disturb the
district court's dispositional decision if (1) no reasonable person would take the same
view adopted by the district court; (2) its decision is based on an error of law; or (3) its
decision is based on an error of fact. 56 Kan. App. 2d at 466. Father carries the burden to
demonstrate that the district court abused its discretion in placing A.E. in the custody of
the State with physical placement with her paternal aunt. In making this determination,
this court will not reweigh the evidence or reassess the district court's credibility
determinations. See In re K.E., 294 Kan. 17, 23, 272 P.3d 28 (2012) (petitioner carries
the burden of proof); In re B.D.Y., 286 Kan. at 705 (explaining the well-established
principle that the appellate court does not reweigh evidence).
On appeal, Father fails to identify the applicable standard of review for his
dispositional argument that "A.E. should not have been placed in DCF custody," but
conflates this argument with his claim that A.E. was not a CINC. Nonetheless, he argues
that the district court erred in the disposition of A.E. Father contends that A.E. has strong
family support and "there is simply nothing in the record to indicate that a placement
would have been inappropriate." Mother refused to speak to the social worker and did not
provide any physical or legal placement options. The court placed A.E. in the legal
custody of DCF who then found her a physical placement with family. Father supports
the physical placement location, but without factual or legal support disputes the district
court's decision to place legal custody with DCF. Father does not contend that the district
court relied on an error of fact or an error of law, and this court finds none. Additionally,
this court cannot say that no reasonable person would agree with the district court's
disposition decision.
CONCLUSION
The district court's adjudication of A.E. as a child in need of care and dispositional
placement is affirmed.
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