Colin Mulhall, as of the Estate of Carol Mulhall v. Sunrise Senior Living Management, Inc.

RENDERED: OCTOBER 20, 2023; 10:00 A.M.
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED
Commonwealth of Kentucky
Court of Appeals
NO. 2022-CA-0669-MR
COLIN MULHALL, AS EXECUTRIX
OF THE ESTATE OF CAROL
MULHALL APPELLANT
APPEAL FROM JEFFERSON CIRCUIT COURT
v. HONORABLE AUDRA J. ECKERLE, JUDGE
ACTION NO. 16-CI-005102
SUNRISE SENIOR LIVING
MANAGEMENT, INC.; AND
SUNRISE SENIOR LIVING
SERVICES, INC. APPELLEES
OPINION
AFFIRMING
** ** ** ** **
BEFORE: THOMPSON, CHIEF JUDGE; EASTON AND KAREM, JUDGES.
EASTON, JUDGE: The Appellant, Colin Mulhall (“Colin”), as Executrix of the
Estate of Carol Mulhall, appeals from the Jefferson Circuit Court’s Order granting
Summary Judgment to the Appellee, Sunrise Senior Living Management, Inc.
(“Sunrise”). The circuit court held that Colin did not have qualified expert
testimony to establish the relevant standard of care, breach of duty, or causation of
injury leading to the damages claimed; therefore, Sunrise was entitled to summary
judgment as a matter of law. Having reviewed the record and the applicable law,
we affirm.
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
Carol Mulhall (“Carol”) was Colin’s mother. Carol was diagnosed
with vascular dementia in 2012. Soon after, Carol executed a Durable Power of
Attorney and a Healthcare Power of Attorney, designating Colin as her Health
Care Surrogate. In 2015, Carol began showing increasing symptoms of her
vascular dementia, including anxiety, agitation, and short-term memory loss.
Carol became a resident of Sunrise on December 18, 2015.
Sunrise is a Personal Care Home (“PCH”). A PCH is a statutory
creation in Kentucky, governed by KRS1 216.597. It is like an Assisted Living
Community but has fewer licensing requirements. A PCH “means an
establishment located in a permanent building that does not comply with the
physical plant requirements of KRS 194A.703,[2] has resident beds, and provides:
1) Supervision of residents; (2) Basic health and health-related services; (3)
1
Kentucky Revised Statutes.
2
Statute governing Assisted Living Communities.
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Personal care services; (4) Residential care services; and (5) Social and
recreational activities.” KRS 216.597(1)(b). Sunrise had a dedicated memory care
unit, which was where Carol resided.
Colin and her brother, Sean Mulhall (“Sean”), testified in their
depositions that Sunrise’s Director, Brandie Windsor (“Windsor”), advised the
family not to visit for the first few weeks to allow Carol to adjust. Both testified
this was surprising advice to them, as they typically visited Carol almost every day.
Colin further testified that they did initially stay away from Sunrise but that she
called daily asking for updates on Carol.
Colin learned Carol was exhibiting aggressive behavior, increasing
agitation, and was refusing to take her medication. Windsor also informed Colin
that Carol had a “boyfriend,” a fellow resident in Sunrise’s memory care unit.
Colin testified Windsor told her that Carol and this male resident sat together and
held hands. Colin further stated Windsor informed her it was more of a “love
triangle,” as this male resident also appeared to have a relationship with another
female resident. Colin testified this information concerned her, so she decided to
visit Carol at Sunrise soon after.
Colin stated when she visited Sunrise, she found Carol in this male
resident’s room, with the door closed. She further testified that Carol told her that
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this resident slept in her bed at night. Colin stated this troubled her greatly, so she
spoke with Windsor about it.
Colin believed her mother did not have the capacity to consensually
engage in this type of relationship. She addressed her concerns with Windsor, who
agreed that Carol probably did not have the cognitive ability to make this decision,
but there was “nothing she could do about it.” Windsor testified in her deposition
that the relationship did not concern her, as the interactions between Carol and this
male resident appeared to be consensual.
Further progress notes indicate that Carol became more aggressive
and agitated. She pushed another resident, slammed doors, and hit other residents
and a nurse. Colin was also informed that Carol had been refusing medication.
For example, as of approximately January 21, 2016, Carol had missed eight out of
her last twenty doses of Xanax because she refused to take them.
Sean testified that he spoke with an employee at Sunrise, who
informed him Carol and another female resident had several altercations. He was
told the other resident was the woman who was also in a relationship with the male
resident Carol was spending time with. This employee told Sean that any time this
male resident would pay attention to anyone other than Carol, Carol would get
jealous. Carol and the other female resident had been in several physical and
verbal altercations regarding the male resident.
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On January 26, 2016, Colin was advised by Windsor that Carol
required in-patient psychiatric hospitalization. Windsor and Colin arranged for
Carol to be taken to The Brook.3 Prior to leaving Sunrise to transport Carol to The
Brook, Colin witnessed the male resident kiss Carol. She also testified that this
male resident was wearing Carol’s pants.
Carol spent approximately three weeks at The Brook. There was no
evidence offered of any interpersonal relationship for Carol at that facility. Yet
during Carol’s stay there, she became increasingly agitated and aggressive, leading
her to be given Ativan. Colin testified the Ativan sedated Carol to the point of her
being unresponsive. Colin further testified that Carol declined significantly while
at The Brook. She became incontinent and began to need assistance with activities
of daily living which she was previously able to do independently. Carol did not
return to Sunrise after her discharge from The Brook. She lived with Colin for a
while, had another psychiatric hospitalization, and then eventually was placed in a
skilled nursing facility in Indiana.
Colin filed a Complaint against Sunrise in the Jefferson Circuit Court
on October 13, 2016, alleging negligence, medical negligence, corporate
3
A psychiatric hospital located in Louisville.
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negligence, violations of Kentucky’s Long Term Care Residents’ Rights statute,4
and separate causes of actions against Windsor as administrator.
On March 30, 2020, Carol passed away. Colin filed a motion to
revive the action and substitute the estate as the plaintiff, which the circuit court
granted. The circuit court additionally granted Sunrise’s motion to enforce a jury
trial waiver that Colin signed as part of Carol’s admission paperwork. In October
2021, the circuit court granted partial summary judgment to Sunrise, dismissing
Colin’s claims based on negligence per se under all federal statutes and under KRS
216B.072. This order also dismissed all claims against Windsor as the
administrator. The circuit court allowed the negligence claims based on KRS
216.515 and KRS 209.005 et seq. to proceed.
When setting the trial date for this case, the circuit court established
deadlines for the disclosure of experts. In compliance with this directive, Colin
disclosed two expert witnesses: Byron Arbeit, a former nursing home
administrator and long-term care industry expert and Dr. Thomas Sullivan, a
neuropsychologist. Sunrise disclosed as their experts Dr. G. Paul Eleazer and RN5
Janine Lehman. Because of the deadline applied, the circuit court was authorized
to evaluate summary judgment based on the expert opinions timely disclosed. See
4
KRS 216.515.
5
Registered Nurse.
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Blankenship v. Collier, 302 S.W.3d 665, 675 (Ky. 2010). The deposition
testimony of the experts is summarized below.
Byron Arbeit (“Arbeit”) testified it was a violation of the standard of
care for Sunrise to allow Carol to be involved in an intimate relationship with
another resident without the consent and permission of Carol’s healthcare
representative. He stated Carol did not have the capacity to consent to such a
relationship. Arbeit testified Sunrise failed to provide adequate supervision and
monitoring of the residents.
Arbeit further testified it was a breach of care for Windsor to fail to
inform Colin of Carol’s increasing agitation and aggression, and that she should
have asked for assistance from the family. He claimed Sunrise failed to properly
document Carol’s changes in condition and failed to advise her family. Arbeit
stated Sunrise failed to follow physician orders regarding Carol’s medication,
specifically, her Xanax prescription. He testified their failure to provide Carol
with her anti-anxiety medication as prescribed constituted physical and mental
abuse. He further testified he believed there was a strong possibility of drug
diversion, as there was inconsistency in the medication records.
Dr. Sullivan is a neuropsychologist. He testified he regularly treats
patients with vascular dementia. He testified because Carol and the male resident
were cognitively impaired, Sunrise had a duty to intervene. He stated it was “poor
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judgment” for the facility to allow the relationship because of the strong emotions
it raised for Carol. He stated Carol’s quick deterioration during her short residency
at Sunrise was not typical for her medical condition. Dr. Sullivan also opined that
Sunrise’s advice to Carol’s family to not visit was a cause of her decline and likely
exacerbated her emotional and behavioral problems. He testified Carol should
have been given Xanax twice daily to ease her transition, and that the failure to
administer the Xanax led to her increased anxiety and agitation. Dr. Sullivan also
stated it was “unusual” that Carol required an in-patient hospitalization in a
psychiatric facility.
Dr. G. Paul Eleazer testified for Sunrise. He opined that Sunrise met
the applicable standard of care and that no act or omission by the staff caused
Carol any injury within a reasonable degree of medical probability. He further
testified there was no evidence of any abuse. Regarding Carol’s relationship with
the male resident, he stated there was really no way to stop the relationship from
occurring, short of recommending that one of them leave the facility. He also
testified that any attempt to intervene in the relationship would “likely have made
things worse.”6
Janine Lehman was Sunrise’s second expert to testify. Ms. Lehman is
a registered nurse who is a nursing standard of care expert. She testified Sunrise
6
Dr. Paul Eleazer Deposition, January 5, 2022.
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met the applicable standard of nursing care in its care and treatment of Carol. She
also testified she saw no evidence of abuse. Further testimony will be discussed
below.
On December 22, 2021, Sunrise again filed a Motion for Summary
Judgment on Colin’s remaining claims, on the basis that Colin could not present
any genuine issue of material fact, as she provided no expert testimony that could
show breach of a duty of care or causation of any injury to Carol. The circuit court
heard oral arguments on April 25, 2022. It entered a written order on May 12,
2022, granting summary judgment to Sunrise. The circuit court found neither of
Colin’s expert witnesses qualified to testify about the applicable standard of care or
medical causation.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
“The standard of review of a trial court’s granting of summary
judgment is whether the trial court correctly found that there were no genuine
issues as to any material fact and that the moving party was entitled to judgment as
a matter of law. Summary judgment is proper when it appears that it would be
impossible for the adverse party to produce evidence at trial warranting a judgment
in its favor.” Andrew v. Begley, 203 S.W.3d 165, 169 (Ky. App. 2006) (internal
quotation marks and citations omitted). “Because summary judgment involves
only legal questions and the existence of any disputed material issues of fact, an
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appellate court need not defer to the trial court’s decision and will review the issue
de novo.” Jenkins v. Best, 250 S.W.3d 680, 688 (Ky. App. 2007).
“In reviewing the exclusion of expert witness testimony, this Court
applies an abuse of discretion standard.” Jackson v. Ghayoumi, 419 S.W.3d 40, 43
(Ky. App. 2012). “The trial court has discretion to control the presentation of
evidence. In the absence of any abuse, the reviewing court will not reverse the
decision of the trial judge.” Pendleton v. Commonwealth, 685 S.W.2d 549, 554
(Ky. 1985). “The test for abuse of discretion is whether the trial judge’s decision
was arbitrary, unreasonable, unfair or unsupported by sound legal principles.”
Woodard v. Commonwealth, 147 S.W.3d 63, 67 (Ky. 2004).
ANALYSIS
The allegations against Sunrise that survived the circuit court’s
granting of partial summary judgment in October 2021 are 1) Sunrise breached the
standard of care by failing to obtain Colin’s consent for Carol to be in an intimate
relationship with another resident, which caused her emotional distress; 2) lack of
supervision (specifically regarding the relationship between Carol and another
resident); 3) lack of adequate intervention and care planning; 4) failure to follow
physician orders regarding medication and possible drug diversion; and 5) other
violations of the Kentucky Residents’ Rights Act.
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Colin argues that as Carol’s healthcare representative, Sunrise should
have sought Colin’s consent to allow Carol to engage in an intimate relationship
with another resident. Colin claims Carol did not have the cognitive capacity to
consent to this relationship, and it caused Carol emotional distress. Colin asserts
this was a direct cause of Carol’s agitation and aggression, which led to her being
hospitalized at The Brook.
Colin additionally alleges Sunrise failed to follow Carol’s doctor’s
orders regarding Carol’s prescription of Xanax. Colin claims that allowing Carol
to refuse multiple doses of Xanax caused her increased anxiety and mental decline.
Finally, Colin alleges Sunrise violated the Kentucky Residents Rights’ Act by
failing to keep Carol’s family informed of her condition. Colin argues the family
would have been able to assist with Carol’s care and prevent the eventual
hospitalization.
Ultimately, the surviving allegations are claims of negligence and
negligence per se pursuant to KRS 209.005 et seq. and KRS 216.515. For a “cause
of action based on negligence, a plaintiff must establish a duty on the defendant, a
breach of the duty, and a causal connection between the breach of the duty and an
injury suffered by the plaintiff.” Lewis v. B & R Corporation, 56 S.W.3d 432, 436-
37 (Ky. App. 2001) (emphasis added). In a standard medical negligence case, a
plaintiff must prove the applicable medical standard of care, a breach of that care,
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and an injury resulting from that breach of care. Blankenship, supra, at 675. To
survive summary judgment, a plaintiff must present a genuine issue of material fact
for every element. See Begley, supra, at 169.
“Under Kentucky law, a plaintiff alleging medical malpractice is
generally required to put forth expert testimony to show that the defendant medical
provider failed to conform to the standard of care.” Blankenship, supra, at 670.
KRE7 702 is the rule that applies to expert testimony. It states:
If scientific, technical, or other specialized knowledge
will assist the trier of fact to understand the evidence or
to determine a fact in issue, a witness qualified as an
expert by knowledge, skill, experience, training, or
education, may testify thereto in the form of an opinion
or otherwise, if:
(1) The testimony is based upon sufficient facts or
data;
(2) The testimony is the product of reliable
principles and methods; and
(3) The witness has applied the principles and
methods reliably to the facts of the case.
Pursuant to Stringer v. Commonwealth:
Expert opinion evidence is admissible so long as (1) the
witness is qualified to render an opinion on the subject
matter, (2) the subject matter satisfies the requirements of
Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 509 U.S.
579, 113 S. Ct. 2786, 125 L. Ed. 2d 469 (1993), (3) the
subject matter satisfies the test of relevancy set forth in
7
Kentucky Rules of Evidence.
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KRE 401, subject to the balancing of probativeness
against prejudice required by KRE 403, and (4) the
opinion will assist the trier of fact per KRE 702.
956 S.W.2d 883, 891 (Ky. 1997).
A trial court must make several findings before a party is allowed to
introduce expert testimony. It must first determine that an expert witness is
qualified to testify about a particular issue. In this case, the issue was not whether
Colin’s experts could meet the Daubert criteria as to the area about which they
offered to testify. Rather, the question was whether their respective areas of
expertise could provide the required evidence for the negligence claims asserted in
this case in which damages were sought for medical or psychiatric treatment. The
circuit court in this instance found Colin’s experts were unqualified to testify
regarding the medical standards of care in a PCH and causation of Carol’s claimed
injury and damages.
Colin’s first expert witness was Arbeit. Colin claimed Arbeit could
testify as to the standards of care in a PCH. Colin asserted Arbeit was an expert in
long-term care facilities, including PCHs such as Sunrise. The circuit court
disagreed and ruled that because Arbeit could not testify as to any nursing or other
medical standards of care, he is unqualified. Colin asserts the negligence in this
action is not due to medical negligence, but administrative negligence on the part
of Sunrise.
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Arbeit was previously an administrator of several long-term care
homes in the 1980s and 1990s. His most recent year as a director of a nursing
home was in Indiana in 1997. He has never worked as an administrator in
Kentucky. Arbeit testified that a PCH is a creation of statute in Kentucky, and it is
not covered by Medicare or Medicaid regulations. They are not covered by any
federal statute or regulation.
Arbeit has never worked in any capacity in a PCH. He has no medical
training as a physician or as a nurse. He specifically states in his deposition, “I
would not be providing any medical opinion whatsoever.”8 He further stated, “I’m
going to give no opinions about any physician in this case. Any opinion that may
deal with a nurse would be – I don’t give any opinions that would be strictly within
the nursing province of care. I will be giving opinions that can involve nursing
dealing with the administration of personal care homes because those nurses are
employed by the administrator. . . .”9
The circuit court believed Arbeit was criticizing Sunrise for issues in
the realm of nursing standards, not simply administration issues. Arbeit has been
determined by other courts as not qualified to give opinions relating to medical
8
Deposition of Byron Arbeit, December 3, 2021.
9
Id.-14-
negligence.10 Ultimately, our analysis need not turn on Arbeit’s testimony
regarding an administrative standard of care. We need not delve into the difficult
question of whether and when a PCH should intervene in the personal relationships
of those with dementia. Regardless of any violation of administrative duties that
may have occurred here, Colin still must show that any breach of a standard of care
(administrative or otherwise) caused Carol’s claimed injury to survive summary
judgment.
The circuit court determined Dr. Sullivan was not qualified to testify
regarding medical causation. Dr. Sullivan is a neuropsychologist. He is not a
physician or a nurse, and he cannot prescribe medication. He specifically
answered in his deposition that he would not be able to offer any opinions on the
standard of care for a nurse or regarding the practice of medicine. He stated he
would not be offering any opinions on whether any medication at any dose caused
any patient behavior. He additionally testified he could not state that any omission
of care at Sunrise was the cause for Carol needing in-patient psychiatric care. He
stated he could not say that if Carol had been given more doses of Xanax, she
would not have had the incidents and altercations. He testified her symptoms –
aggression, paranoia, agitation, anxiety, and mental decline – were all symptoms of
10
See Husby v. South Alabama Nursing Home, Inc., 712 So.2d 750 (Ala. 1998); Barker v. Glen
Meadows Nursing Home, No. CA2008-06-145, 2009 WL 1581137 (Ohio Ct. App. Jun. 8, 2009).
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vascular dementia, and he could not say with any degree of certainty that she
would not have had these experiences without the care she received at Sunrise.
An expert opinion on causation “must be based ‘on reasonable
medical probability and not speculation or possibility.’” Morris v. Boerste, 641
S.W.3d 688, 698 (Ky. App. 2022) (quoting Sakler v. Anesthesiology Associates,
P.S.C., 50 S.W.3d 210, 213 (Ky. App. 2001)). Neither of Colin’s proposed experts
could state that Carol’s decline was caused by any action or inaction on the part of
anyone at Sunrise.
On the other hand, Sunrise’s experts – a physician and a nurse –
testified that all actions taken by Sunrise staff met the standard of care and that no
action or inaction caused Carol’s cognitive decline. Regarding the Xanax
prescription, Lehman testified that the staff at Sunrise could not force Carol to take
her medication. Significantly, the prescription of Xanax was “PRN”11 or as
needed. Lehman testified “everybody thinks, well, now we can put them in a
nursing home and – and one of the things that upsets me a lot is the family was
inferring that they could hide her medications in food, and in drink, and things like
that. You cannot do that. It is the resident’s right to know that you’re giving them
medications. So, if you’re going to hide it in other food, that is specifically
11
Latin term pro re nata, translated “as the thing is needed.”
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something that is not appropriate. You are not giving that resident the right to
refuse.”12
Negligence cannot be assumed merely from a poor outcome of a
patient. Meador v. Arnold, 94 S.W.2d 626, 631 (Ky. 1936). Negligence cannot
simply be inferred from an “undesirable result,” and expert testimony is required.
Perkins v. Hausladen, 828 S.W.2d 652, 655 (Ky. 1992). Dr. Sullivan stated it was
unusual that Carol’s condition declined so quickly in the five weeks she was at
Sunrise. Dr. Sullivan also testified that he could not state that Carol’s
hospitalization would not have occurred without any actions taken by staff
members at Sunrise. He additionally testified that Carol had documented incidents
of aggression and paranoia both before and after her residency at Sunrise. It is
perhaps not coincidental that decline was separately noted at The Brook, where
there was no report of inadequate administrative care such as that alleged against
Sunrise.
Colin’s primary allegation of negligence involving Carol’s care
revolved around the relationship Carol had with another resident. Both Arbeit and
Dr. Sullivan testified that this relationship should not have been allowed. Arbeit
testified he believed Sunrise’s failure to stop this relationship was a breach of an
administrative standard of care. But the circuit court correctly held that Colin
12
Deposition of Janine Lehman, January 18, 2022.
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lacked the authority to restrict Carol’s intimate relationship with another resident
because she did not have guardianship of Carol. Both Sunrise and the circuit court
point to KRS 216.515(11), which states: “Residents may associate and
communicate privately with persons of their choice and send and receive personal
mail unopened.”
It is undisputed that Colin did not have guardianship over Carol. It is
also undisputed that Colin did have a valid durable power of attorney and
healthcare power of attorney executed by Carol. Colin argues that because she
possesses these power of attorney documents, that Colin must be the one to
consent to this type of relationship. We find this argument to be without merit.
KRS 311.621(8) defines health care decision as “consenting to, or
withdrawing consent for, any medical procedure, treatment, or intervention.”
Colin argues that this gives her the authority to govern whether Carol is permitted
to engage in an intimate relationship with another resident. The circuit court did
not believe that this decision was within the realm of a “medical decision.”
Neither do we. Colin cites no authority for the proposition that the ability to have a
relationship with another resident in a PCH is a medical decision. Nor was this
Court able to find such authority.
Sunrise argued, and the circuit court agreed, that KRS 216.515(11)
mandates the opposite of what Colin is arguing, that Sunrise prohibiting the
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relationship may be a violation of law. We agree with this finding by the circuit
court. KRS 216.515(17) states “if the resident is adjudicated mentally disabled in
accordance with state law, the resident’s guardian shall act on the resident’s behalf
in order that his rights be implemented.” Again, it is undisputed that Carol had not
been deemed legally disabled. Nowhere in Carol’s Power of Attorney documents
does it state that Carol gives Colin the right to decide who she may associate with.
Colin is asking this Court to elevate a power of attorney to the level of a
guardianship, which is contrary to law.13 A power of attorney can be revoked at
any time by the principal. A guardianship gives the guardian authority to make the
types of decisions Colin was seeking in this case, while having the safeguards of a
legal proceeding to prevent abuse.
Colin additionally asserted claims of negligence per se pursuant to
KRS 216.515, also known as the Kentucky Residents’ Rights Act. “Negligence
per se ‘is merely a negligence claim with a statutory standard of care substituted
for the common law standard of care.’” Young v. Carran, 289 S.W.3d 586, 588-89
(Ky. App. 2008). Colin made allegations of violations of several rights in her
Complaint, which include “(18) Each resident shall be treated with consideration,
respect, and full recognition of his dignity and individuality, including privacy in
13
Nor is it necessary. KRS 387.740 sets out the process for seeking emergency guardianship,
which requires a review not more than one week after a petition is filed. KRS 387.740(3).
Nothing prevented Colin or someone with Sunrise for that matter obtaining guardianship powers.
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treatment and in care for his personal needs”; “(19) Every resident and the
responsible party or his responsible family member or his guardian has the right to
be fully informed of the residents’ medical condition unless medically
contraindicated and document by a physical in the resident’s medical record”; and
“(22) The resident’s responsible party or family member or his guardian shall be
notified immediately of any accident, sudden illness, disease, unexplained absence,
or anything unusual involving the resident.”
We must first note that many of the rights set forth in KRS 216.515
are more specific assertions of a common law personal injury action, and therefore
they do not create any new theory of liability. Overstreet v. Kindred Nursing
Centers Limited Partnership, 479 S.W.3d 69, 75 (Ky. 2015). Others, however, do
not correspond with a common law personal injury. Therefore, those rights exist
independent of any claim for personal injury. Id.The Kentucky Supreme Court has determined “to the extent that the
claims are based upon liabilities created by KRS 216.515, and are not simply
restatements of the common law personal injury action, KRS 411.140 does not
provide for their survival beyond the death of the resident.” Id. at 77. These are
rights personal to the resident, not a source of damages for heirs. At the time
Sunrise sought summary judgment, Carol had passed away. Sunrise was therefore
entitled to summary judgment on these claims.
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The circuit court did not specifically address Colin’s claims of
negligence regarding KRS 209.005 et seq. These statutes deal specifically with
adult abuse, neglect, or exploitation. There was no testimony or evidence
presented that Sunrise abused, neglected, or exploited Carol in any way. The
circumstances of the personal relationship allowed do not constitute abuse or
neglect. Sunrise is entitled to summary judgment on this claim as well. Because
Colin is unable to present any evidence that Sunrise was the proximate cause of
Carol’s purported injury, Carol’s estate is not entitled to any damages.
CONCLUSION
Because of the lack of qualified expert testimony regarding the
applicable standard of care and medical causation, the Appellant is unable to create
a genuine issue of material fact, and the Appellees were entitled to summary
judgment as a matter of law. The Jefferson Circuit Court is AFFIRMED.
ALL CONCUR.
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BRIEFS FOR APPELLANT: BRIEF FOR APPELLEE SUNRISE
SENIOR LIVING MANAGEMENT,
S. Wade Yeoman INC.:
Corey Ann Finn
Louisville, Kentucky Michael F. Sutton
Kevin M. Murphy
Louisville, Kentucky
ORAL ARGUMENT FOR
APPELLANT:
ORAL ARGUMENT FOR
Corey Ann Finn APPELLEE:
Louisville, Kentucky
Michael F. Sutton
Louisville, Kentucky
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