Douglass v. Riggin

The appellants and the appellee are the owners of adjacent properties fronting on the south side of Main Street in Crisfield. Upon the lot of the appellants is a structure known as Odd Fellows' Hall, and that of the appellee is improved with a dwelling house and millinery store. Between the buildings, of the respective parties, is a vacant space twenty feet in width extending from the street to the rear limits of the lots, a distance of one hundred feet. The appellee claims the right to use this space as an alley in connection with her property, and in this proceeding seeks to have the appellants restrained by injunction from obstructing such use by continuing certain work which was in progress at the time of the filing of the bill.

In 1876 James K. Rayfield, who was then the holder of the record title to all of the block of which the lots and disputed ground form a part, conveyed by deed, to Purnell Johnson, a lot fronting seventy-six and a half feet on the south side of Main Street, bounding one hundred feet on the east side of Fifth Street and described as covering half the width of the whole lot then owned by the grantor "except ten feet, which," as the deed provided, "is to be used with an additional ten feet, making a twenty-foot street through the entire lot." Prior to the execution of this deed the grantor had sold, but had not conveyed, to Thomas S. Hodson, the eastern half of the block to the depth of one hundred feet from Main Street, reserving to the grantor, as the proof shows, and as the deed subsequently given recites, "the right to ten feet on the southwest side for a street whenever he may desire to open the same." In the deed from Rayfield to Johnson it is stipulated that the street for which it makes provision "is to be used in common between the aforesaid lot and Hon. T.S. Hodson's lot on the east side of said twenty foot street." By deed dated July 3rd, 1885, the appellee acquired from Purnell Johnson the portion of his lot fronting thirty-six feet on Main Street, and binding on the "twenty-foot street," to the depth of one hundred feet, together with all the grantor's interest in the street thus defined. The appellants hold title to the Odd Fellows' Hall property under a deed executed in 1892, which describes their lot by reference to the conveyance from James K. Rayfield to Thomas S. Hodson.

It was the evident intent and effect of the grants and reservations thus mentioned to establish a way twenty feet wide between the lots in question for use in common by the owners as appurtenant to their respective properties. The proof in the record shows that the area thus set apart has in fact been used for many years by the appellee as an alleyway from the street to the rear of her premises for general purposes of ingress and egress including the hauling and delivery of fuel and merchandise.

The deeds under which the appellants claim conveyed the fee in the eastern half of the way subject to the reservation quoted. There was no corresponding conveyance of the fee in the western half of the street space by the deed under which the appellee obtained title, but the grant of an easement in the street as appurtenant to her own and the opposite premises is clear and explicit. In December, 1911, the appellants acquired the fee in the western half of the area in controversy from the successors in title of James K. Rayfield. Several months later they began the construction of a concrete pavement across and within the northern end of the alley adjacent to Main Street. The pavement thus projected, and partly completed, was on a level with the existing sidewalk on Main Street, but as it extended into the alley space its surface was at an elevation of eighteen inches to two feet above the ground, and it consequently prevented the use of the alley for the passage of teams.

The appellants contend that the appellee has no interest in the vacant area between the two properties and that she is, therefore, not entitled to object to the improvement they have undertaken as the owners of the fee. Their denial of the appellee's right to an easement in the reserved space is basd upon the theory, first, that the purpose of the reservation was merely to retain in the original grantor the privilege to open astreet upon the described location and that this right was never exercised; and, secondly, that even if an easement to use the vacant area as an alley was conveyed by the common grantor to the appellee's predecessor in title, it was a mere personal right which could not be transferred to the appellee by the deed under which she claims. In view of the plain terms and purpose of the deeds by which the interests of the parties are to be ascertained, we are unable to sustain either of the contentions just stated. The deed from Rayfield to Johnson was executed and delivered at a time when the grantor held title of record to all of the ground involved in this suit. By that deed he vested in the grantee, as appurtenant to the lot conveyed, an easement in the strip of land described as a street in common with the owner of the lot on the opposite side. Whether the space thus defined can be properly characterized as a street is not a question of vital importance. The designation of the way as an "alley" would have been more correct, as it is only twenty feet wide and is located in a narrow block midway between existing public thoroughfares. But regardless of the name applied to the reserved ground, it was the manifest intent of the grant to confer upon the abutting proprietors the right to use it for the purposes of ingress and egress in connection with their respective premises. The interest thus conveyed was not made dependent upon any future action by the grantor in reference to the opening of the street. It was an absolute grant vesting an unconditional right to the use of the area in common by the owners of the adjacent lots. The fact, as shown by the proof, that the portion of the described way extending through the block southwardly from the lots of the present parties has not been used in that direction, but is closed for the greater part of its course by fences and buildings, cannot affect the appellee's right to continue the exercise of her easement in the alley adjoining her property according to the terms of the grant. Her right to use the way as an available means of access to the street on the north is not to be denied merely because the purpose to extend it to the south has not been given effect.

It is urged that while the deed from Rayfield to Johnson upon which the appellee relies was prior in date to that given Mr. Hodson for the lot now owned by the appellants, yet the Johnson deed was subsequent to the sale and delivery of possession of the latter lot to Mr. Hodson, and is subordinate to the terms of his agreement of purchase, which simply reserved to the vendor the right to use ten feet of the western side of the lot, to open a street whenever he desired to do so, and that the privilege thus reserved was never exercised by the opening of the way as a street. If it be assumed that Mr. Johnson received his conveyance with actual or imputed knowledge that Mr. Hodson was the equitable owner of the fee in the ten feet of ground along the western margin of his lot, subject to the reservation stated, and that the Johnson deed must be held to be subject to the Hodson purchase, we fail to find any conflict between the deed and the terms of the prior reservation as to the use of the area to which it refers. In the sale to Mr. Hodson the right reserved to the vendor was to appropriate ten feet along the western side of his lot for a street, while in the deed to Mr. Johnson the grantor actually makes such an appropriation in connection with a corresponding strip of ground adjacent to the lot then being conveyed. It is declared in the deed that the area thus contributed equally from the two lots should be used as part of a street twenty feet wide through the entire block. This was undoubtedly intended as an exercise of the right retained by the common owner of the lots to devote the reserved portion to the purposes of a street or way for the benefit of the adjacent properties. It constituted an opening of the street for the use of the lots according to the evident sense in which the term "open" was used in the reservation under the agreement of sale. It was plainly employed in this connection as equivalent to the "laying out" of the proposed street, and this has been defined to mean "the adoption of outlines or locations and not the work of construction or improvement." Oberheim v.Reeside, 116 Md. 273; 5 Words and Phrases, 4037.

The contention that the right to the use of the way was personal to the first grantee and could not be transferred to the appellee by the succeeding conveyance is answered by the terms of the prior deed which, as already indicated, expressly make the easement appurtenant to the abutting land. Where such an intent appears from the grant it is well settled that the right thus created will pass to subsequent grantees of the dominant estate.Ross v. McGee, 98 Md. 395; Halle v. Newbold, 69 Md. 270.

The final point made by the appellants is that even if the appellee has a right to the use of the alley in question, yet the obstruction of which she complains does not cause such irreparable injury as to entitle her to an injunction. It is not denied that the work in progress at the time the bill was filed did in fact prevent the appellee from making use of the way in the accustomed manner, but it is suggested that the bed of the alley could be regraded so that the new concrete pavement would no longer be an obstacle. The right of the appellee, however, to continue the use of the way is vigorously disputed. It is not a case in which the owners of the fee in the ground are attempting to improve it with due regard for the rights of the party entitled to an easement. The appellants were proceeding with the work upon the distinct theory that the appellee has no interest in the premises which they are required to recognize. As their action was in direct opposition to her right and was effectually preventing her customary use of the way, the case properly admits of relief by injunction. White v. Flannigain, 1 Md. 543;Baltimore Belt R. Co. v. Lee, 75 Md. 600; Schaidt v.Blaul, 66 Md. 147; Long v. Ragan, 94 Md. 464; Oberheim v.Reeside, 116 Md. 275.

Decree affirmed, with costs.