In Re Cox's Estate

Emma M. Cox, a spinster, died on September 11, 1932, leaving an estate appraised at approximately $50,000. Her will, duly admitted to probate, contained a number of specific bequests. The residue of the estate was left to trustees for the benefit of relatives, strangers and various charities. The clause in the will which gives rise to the present controversy is as follows:

"There shall be paid out of the income from said trust fund the sum of $10 a week to my Aunt Addie A. Larrabee of Portland, Maine, for a period of not to exceed four years, or until such time as she can be admitted to the Home, at which time there is to be paid out of said income for her benefit such sum not exceeding $1,000 as it will be necessary to deposit with said Home to gain her admission thereto. If there is required less than the sum of $1,000 for that purpose, the difference shall be paid direct to my said aunt."

An order of the probate court, determining the inheritance tax on the statement prepared by the State inheritance tax examiner, found that Addie A. Larrabee received a definite bequest of $3,080, and fixed the tax accordingly. The court must have assumed that the bequest was a fixed and definite amount of $10 a week for four years, plus an additional $1,000. The estate paid an inheritance tax based on this amount. When the coexecutors filed their final account on August 30, 1933, they petitioned to be instructed as to how to charge this tax against the beneficiary. Beneficiaries other than Addie A. Larrabee filed objections to the final account. Their petition stated that the interest of Addie A. Larrabee was fixed and definite and that the inheritance tax was chargeable against the amounts to be paid to her. The probate court signed an order allowing the final account, and provided that the tax on the bequest to Addie A. Larrabee would be in the amount formerly fixed and was to be charged against and deducted from that bequest. There was no appeal taken from this order.

Addie A. Larrabee died on April 3, 1935. $146.30 had been previously charged to her on account of the inheritance tax reckoned on the basis hereinbefore stated. $1,153.70 had been paid to her so that in all, $1,300 had been paid covering a period of 130 weeks. She had survived the testatrix 133 weeks. She never went to live in any institution. In their second annual account, filed April 14, 1936, after Miss Larrabee's death, the cotrustees under the will of Emma M. Cox raised the question of whether any further payment was due on the Addie A. Larrabee bequest. The probate court determined that the sum of $10 a week had been granted to the beneficiary for 4 years and that the special administrator of her estate was entitled to collect all sums in arrears and all future payments as they should become due. Appeal was taken by the cotrustees to the circuit court and in a well-reasoned opinion, the court held that all rules of construction must yield to the intent of the testatrix, citing Union Trust Co. v. Fisher, 240 Mich. 68, and that there was no intention on the part of testatrix to pay more than would take care of the beneficiary during her lifetime. He held that upon the beneficiary's death, the legacy lapsed, and her estate was only entitled to the $30 remaining unpaid at that time. In a very able brief, attorney for Miss Larrabee's estate claims error. He maintains that when the probate court approved of the final account, showing payment of inheritance taxes based upon a construction of the will giving Addie A. Larrabee a fixed and definite bequest of $3,080, the question became res judicata.

It is true, that in fixing the inheritance tax, the probate court must have assumed that the will provided for a fixed and definite bequest to Addie A. Larrabee. Nevertheless, such an adjudication is not a final construction of the will for all purposes. As far as this particular legacy was concerned, the court was concerned solely with the question of the amount of, and liability for, the inheritance tax. It was a final adjudication of that issue alone. The probate court is granted power to determine all questions arising under the provisions of the inheritance tax act by 1 Comp. Laws 1929, § 3682 (Stat. Ann. § 7.571). This section closely follows the wording of the New York statute (59 McKinney's Consol. Laws of N.Y. Ann., art. 10, § 228), except that the latter statute places these powers in the surrogate's court. In Trustees of Amherst College v.Ritch, 151 N.Y. 282 (45 N.E. 876, 37 L.R.A. 305), it was held that the surrogate's adjudication was final only on the tax questions involved. In the case of In re Burger's Estate,123 Misc. 308 (205 N.Y. Supp. 220), it was held that the proceedings to fix the tax were not conclusive as to the construction of the will and that the parties were not bound thereby. Since our inheritance tax statute is substantially a copy of the New York act, the construction placed upon it by that court should be adopted. Stellwagen v. Wayne ProbateJudge, 130 Mich. 166. The construction of the will adopted by the probate court is not res judicata as to this action.

Appellant contends that even if the construction adopted by the probate judge is not res judicata, it nevertheless was correct. His claim is that the will provides for weekly payments for a period of four years, and that in the absence of words limiting the bequest to a life estate, such a construction may not be adopted. However, the weekly payments were not to run for four years in any case. The payments were to run for a period not to exceed four years, or until such time as Addie A. Larrabee might be admitted to a home. It is the latter provision which indicates that the intention of the testatrix was to provide for the support of Addie A. Larrabee and nothing more. The payments being only for the purpose of maintenance, it could not have been intended that they should continue after the death of the beneficiary. We cannot escape the conclusion from the wording of the will that the bequest was simply for the support of the beneficiary during her lifetime.

The trial court allowed Addie A. Larrabee's estate only $30, being the amount of three weekly payments due at her death. In view of the fact that she paid an inheritance tax on a sum in excess of that she received, there is some question whether her estate is not entitled to a refund of the amount of the tax for which she was overcharged. The probate court is ruled by equitable principles. See In re McLouth's Estate, 281 Mich. 191 . Inasmuch as the beneficiary was overcharged to an amount in the neighborhood of $85 for inheritance taxes, without the statutory notice to her as provided by 1 Comp. Laws 1929, § 3685 (Stat. Ann. § 7.574), and inasmuch as it would be against equity and good conscience to exact such overcharge, that amount should be paid to her estate in addition to the $30 due.

The judgment of the lower court is modified to the extent of the difference between the tax paid and that properly chargeable, and the case is remanded to the lower court to ascertain the correct figure, and, in turn, to remand to the probate court with instructions. Appellee will recover costs.

WIEST, C.J., and BUSHNELL, SHARPE, POTTER, CHANDLER, NORTH, and McALLISTER, JJ., concurred.