People of Michigan v. William Larenzo Shoulders

STATE OF MICHIGAN
COURT OF APPEALS
PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF MICHIGAN, UNPUBLISHED
June 27, 2017
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v No. 331672
Wayne Circuit Court
WILLIAM LARENZO SHOULDERS, LC No. 15-003289-01-FH
Defendant-Appellee.
Before: STEPHENS, P.J., and K. F. KELLY and MURRAY, JJ.
PER CURIAM.
Following a bench trial, the trial court found defendant guilty of operating a motor
vehicle while intoxicated (OWI) causing death, MCL 257.625(4), and OWI causing a serious
impairment of a body function, MCL 257.625(5). Although the sentencing guidelines
recommended a minimum sentence range of 43 to 86 months, the trial court sentenced defendant
to four years’ probation, subject to various conditions, one of which was that he spend a week in
jail three times a year each year during his probationary period. Plaintiff appeals defendant’s
sentence as of right. We vacate defendant’s sentence and remand for resentencing.
Defendant was charged with OWI causing death and OWI causing serious impairment as
a result of a February 8, 2015 motor vehicle accident. According to the record, defendant was
driving at a high rate of speed, ran a red light, and collided with a truck. He continued through
the intersection and was involved in a “secondary collision” with the victims’ vehicle. One
victim was killed instantly and another was taken to the hospital, where she was “listed in critical
condition,” but survived. At trial, defendant testified that shortly before the accident, he was
involved in a fight with other patrons at an adult entertainment club. Defendant claimed that as
he was leaving the club, the men he had fought approached him with guns. Defendant drove off
in his vehicle, but his assailants got into another vehicle and started chasing him. In his attempt
to escape them, he did not see a red light and was involved in the accident. The trial court
believed that the incident at the club happened as reported and that defendant sped away because
he justifiably feared the men who were chasing him, but found that defendant was “driving
above the legal limit” when he got into the accident, and thus was guilty of the OWI offenses.
At sentencing, the prosecutor requested a sentence within the sentencing guidelines range
of 43 to 86 months, but at the low end. The trial court observed that defendant had no prior
criminal history, was gainfully employed, was genuinely remorseful for his actions, and was a
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good candidate for rehabilitation. It sentenced defendant to four years’ probation, subject to
several conditions, including that he spend a week in jail three times a year each year during his
probationary period.
On appeal, plaintiff recognizes that in People v Lockridge, 498 Mich 358, 364; 870
NW2d 502 (2015), our Supreme Court held that Michigan’s sentencing guidelines are
unconstitutional to the extent that they “require judicial fact-finding beyond facts admitted by
the defendant or found by the jury to score offense variables . . . that mandatorily increase the
floor of the guidelines minimum sentence range[.]” To remedy that violation, the Court held that
the guidelines are to be deemed advisory only, and that a sentencing court may “exercise its
discretion to depart from th[e] guidelines range without articulating substantial and compelling
reasons for doing so.” Id. at 391-392. Plaintiff argues, however, that Lockridge was wrongly
decided and that the guidelines are, in fact, constitutional. Therefore, plaintiff argues, the trial
court erred by failing to impose a sentence within the guidelines range without articulating a
substantial and compelling reason for departing from that range.
We are not at liberty to reject the Supreme Court’s decision in Lockridge. Paige v
Sterling Hts, 476 Mich 495, 524; 720 NW2d 219 (2006). Thus, pursuant to Lockridge, the trial
court had the discretion to impose a sentence that was not within the guidelines range, and it was
not required to articulate a substantial and compelling reason in support of its departure decision.
Plaintiff further argues that, even under Lockridge, the trial court erred in imposing a
probationary sentence for defendant’s convictions because such a sentence is disproportionately
lenient considering the circumstances of the offense. We conclude that the trial court did not
articulate the relevant factors to this decision, so we vacate defendant’s sentence and remand for
resentencing.
Before the legislative guidelines were adopted, a sentence was reviewed for
proportionality, which required that sentences imposed by the trial court “be proportionate to the
seriousness of the circumstances surrounding the offense and the offender.” People v Milbourn,
435 Mich 630, 636; 461 NW2d 1 (1990). When the legislative sentencing guidelines were
enacted, they required a court to impose a minimum sentence within the guidelines range
calculated for a particular defendant, unless the court found a substantial and compelling reason
to depart from that range. MCL 769.34(2) and (3). Pursuant to our Supreme Court’s decision in
Lockridge, the guidelines are now advisory rather than mandatory; the trial court must consider
the guidelines, but it need not provide a substantial and compelling reason for departing from
them. Lockridge, 498 Mich at 392. If the trial court does depart from the guidelines, the
sentence is to be reviewed “for reasonableness.” Id. “Resentencing will be required when a
sentence is determined to be unreasonable.” Id.
In Lockridge, the Supreme Court did not specify the appropriate procedure for
considering the reasonableness of a departure sentence. This Court resolved that issue in People
v Steanhouse, 313 Mich App 1, 42-48; 880 NW2d 297 (2015), lv gtd 499 Mich 934 (2016),
where this Court rejected the standard applied by federal courts whereby the reasonableness of a
sentence is guided by the factors listed in 18 USC 3553(a). Instead, this Court reinstated the
Milbourn proportionality standard “as the means of determining the reasonableness of a
sentence,” and thus held that “a sentence that fulfills the principle of proportionality under
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Milbourn, and its progeny, constitutes a reasonable sentence under Lockridge.” Id. at 46-48. As
this Court observed in Steanhouse, 313 Mich App at 46:
Factors previously considered by Michigan courts under the
proportionality standard included, among others, (1) the seriousness of the
offense; (2) factors that were inadequately considered by the guidelines; and (3)
factors not considered by the guidelines, such as the relationship between the
victim and the aggressor, the defendant’s misconduct while in custody, the
defendant’s expressions of remorse, and the defendant’s potential for
rehabilitation[.] [Citations omitted.]
Here, the trial court focused exclusively on the circumstances of the offender and
articulated no consideration of the circumstances of the offense and the recommended minimum
sentence range under the guidelines. Defendant was a good candidate for rehabilitation, given
that he had no criminal record and was otherwise a solid citizen who was genuinely remorseful
for his actions. However, defendant’s lack of a criminal record is considered by the guidelines
and the trial court did not find that this factor was not given adequate consideration. The trial
court did not speak to the seriousness of the offense, which left one person injured and another
dead. Even though the trial court accepted defendant’s explanation that he was fleeing from a
dangerous situation when he collided with the victims’ vehicle, that did not absolve him from the
obligation to exercise due care while operating his vehicle. The drastic departure from the
guidelines was not, without further explanation by the trial court on all relevant factors,
proportionate to both the circumstances of the offender and the offense, and thus the sentence
imposed by the trial court was not reasonable. Accordingly, we vacate defendant’s probationary
sentence and remand for resentencing. Lockridge, 498 Mich at 392.
Vacated and remanded for resentencing. We do not retain jurisdiction.
/s/ Cynthia Diane Stephens
/s/ Kirsten Frank Kelly
/s/ Christopher M. Murray
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