Sandra Kay Huggler v. Wayne Arthur Huggler

If this opinion indicates that it is “FOR PUBLICATION,” it is subject to
revision until final publication in the Michigan Appeals Reports.
STATE OF MICHIGAN
COURT OF APPEALS
SANDRA KAY HUGGLER, UNPUBLISHED
June 25, 2019
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v No. 343904
Alpena Circuit Court
WAYNE ARTHUR HUGGLER, Family Division
LC No. 16-007292-DO
Defendant-Appellee.
Before: METER, P.J., and JANSEN and M. J. KELLY, JJ.
PER CURIAM.
Plaintiff, Sandra Huggler,1 appeals by right the trial court’s judgment of divorce
dissolving the parties’ marriage and distributing the marital property. Because there are no
errors warranting reversal, we affirm.
I. BASIC FACTS
The parties were married in 1992, and Sandra filed for divorce in July 2016. The marital
estate was valued at $806,004.46, and the parties agreed to an equal distribution of the assets.
From the parties’ real estate, investment and banking assets, titled assets, and personal property,
Sandra would receive $71,488.11 and defendant, Wayne Huggler, would receive $384,928.56.
From retirement assets, Sandra would receive $273,896.17 and Wayne would receive
$71,488.11. To equalize the division of real estate, investment and banking assets, titled assets,
and personal property, Wayne would pay Sandra $154,618.47 in “Non Retirement Assets.”
Similarly, to equalize the division of retirement assets, Sandra would provide Wayne with a
Qualified Domestic Relations Order (QDRO) for $101,204.03 from her retirement assets.
Despite their agreement to the above, the parties disputed the method for completing the
equalizing payments. Sandra proposed that the $154,618.47 owed to her be paid in full and in
1
For ease of reference, we will refer to the parties by their first names.
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cash. However, Wayne submitted that he pay $54,618.47 in cash and, for the other $100,000,
offset this from the $101,204.03 owed to him by Sandra, such that Sandra would owe him only
$1,204.03 from her retirement assets. Sandra challenged Wayne’s proposal, arguing that as a
result of tax consequences the $100,000 offset was not equal to $100,000 paid to her in cash
because once she withdrew the $100,000 from her retirement accounts she would have to pay
taxes and, if she withdrew the funds early, she would also incur a penalty for early withdrawal.
In lieu of a trial and hearing, the parties submitted briefs to the trial court. The trial court
ruled in favor of Wayne’s distribution proposal, concluding that it would not consider the tax
consequences of the distribution. In doing so, the court rejected Sandra’s argument that she
would “incur predicable and foreseeable tax penalties to cash in the retirement funds,” and ruled
that, if it accepted Sandra’s argument, “it would be forced to speculate when—or even if—she
would cash in the accounts.” The trial court found Wayne’s “position to more accurately and
equitably divide the present value of the estate.” Sandra moved for reconsideration, asserting in
an affidavit that she intended to immediately withdraw the retirement funds. The court denied
the motion, and this appeal follows.
II. PROPERTY DIVISION
A. STANDARD OF REVIEW
Sandra argues that the trial court erred by declining to consider the possible tax
consequences arising from the selected distribution method. The trial court’s factual findings on
the marital property’s division are reviewed for clear error. Hodge v Parks, 303 Mich. App. 552,
554; 844 NW2d 189 (2014). Clear error occurs “when this Court is left with the definite and
firm conviction that a mistake has been made.” Id. at 555 (quotation marks and citation
omitted). “If the findings of fact are upheld, the appellate court must decide whether the
dispositive ruling was fair and equitable in light of those facts.” Sparks v Sparks, 440 Mich. 141,
151-152; 485 NW2d 893 (1992). Because the trial court’s “dispositional ruling is an exercise of
discretion . . . the ruling should be affirmed unless the appellate court is left with the firm
conviction that the division was inequitable.” Id. at 152.
B. ANALYSIS
“The overarching goal of a trial court’s property distribution in a divorce action is
equity.” Elahham v Al-Jabban, 319 Mich. App. 112, 121; 899 NW2d 768 (2017). Although the
trial court is not required to divide the marital property equally, the property “must be divided
equitably in light of a court’s evaluation of the parties’ contributions, faults and needs.” Id.
(quotation marks and citation omitted).
Sandra argues that the trial court erred by failing to consider the tax consequences of the
distribution of property. However, “an abuse of discretion per se does not occur where a trial
court declines to consider tax consequences in the distribution of marital assets.” Nalevayko v
Nalevayko, 198 Mich. App. 163, 164; 497 NW2d 533 (1993). Accordingly, in the present case,
the trial court could, but was not required to consider the tax consequences of the property
division. In the proceedings below, Sandra initially stated that she intended to withdraw funds
from her retirement accounts sometime in the future, and she submitted evidence showing
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potential tax penalties arising from the withdrawal of funds from her retirement accounts. Yet,
based on the evidence presented, the trial court determined that Sandra had not established that
the tax consequences were reasonably likely to occur and were not merely speculative. Given
the record before the court, its decision was a reasonable and principled outcome and not an
abuse of discretion.
Moreover, even if the court abused its discretion by declining to consider the tax
consequences, reversal is nevertheless not warranted because we are not “left with the firm
conviction that the division was inequitable.” See Sparks, 440 Mich. at 152. Under the trial
court’s distribution, the $154,618.47 would be offset by $100,000 from the amount owed to
Wayne, i.e., the $101,204.03 in retirement assets. The amount Sandra owed to Wayne, therefore,
would be $1,204.03, and Wayne would only need to pay Sandra $54,618.47 in cash, resulting in
a perfectly equal distribution of the parties’ stipulated assets. If Sandra chooses to immediately
withdraw the entire $101,204.03 from her retirement accounts, by her own calculations, she
would incur approximately $39,469.57 in taxes and penalties. This would result in a property
division that is not equal, but that does not also mean it is unequitable.
This is apparent when the trial court’s decision is contrasted with Sandra’s proposal.
Under Sandra’s proposal Wayne would pay her the $54,618.47 and, to offset the remaining
$100,000 owed to her, Wayne would waive the entire $101,204.03 amount that Sandra owed to
him. Wayne would then pay Sandra an additional $63,796 from his “American Funds account,”
resulting in a disparity of $130,000.06 in the parties’ net awards. Even assuming that Sandra
chose to immediately withdraw funds from her retirement accounts and incurred the taxes and
penalties that she estimated, this would still result in a significantly higher deficit for Wayne than
the alleged $39,469.57 deficit that would result from the trial court’s chosen distribution method
if Sandra immediately withdrew funds from her retirement account.
For these reasons, we are unpersuaded that the division was inequitable and unfair so as
to require reversal of the trial court’s discretionary ruling. Again, there is no requirement for the
division to be equal; it only need be equitable. Elahham, 319 Mich. App. at 121.
III. RECONSIDERATION
A. STANDARD OF REVIEW
Sandra also contends that the trial court abused its discretion by denying her motion for
reconsideration. We review for an abuse of discretion a trial court’s decision on a motion for
reconsideration. Corporan v Henton, 282 Mich. App. 599, 605; 766 NW2d 903 (2009). A trial
court abuses its discretion “when the decision results in an outcome falling outside the range of
principled outcomes.” Id. at 605-606 (quotation marks and citation omitted).
B. ANALYSIS
“Ordinarily, a trial court has discretion on a motion for reconsideration to decline to
consider new legal theories or evidence that could have been presented when the motion was
initially decided.” Yoost v Caspari, 295 Mich. App. 209, 220; 813 NW2d 783 (2012); MCR
2.119(F). Although the trial court may “give a litigant a ‘second chance’ even if the motion for
reconsideration presents nothing new,” this power rests in the trial court’s discretion. Yoost, 295
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Mich App at 220. Here, Sandra presented new evidence in support of her motion for
reconsideration. She argues that, with that evidence, the rationale for the court’s decision to not
consider the tax consequences is no longer valid. However, the trial court was not obligated to
consider her newly submitted affidavit because it could have been produced at any point prior to
the trial court’s initial order. See Woods v SLB Prop Mgt, LLC, 277 Mich. App. 622, 630; 750
NW2d 228 (2008) (quotation marks and citation omitted) (“We find no abuse of discretion in
denying a motion resting on a legal theory and facts which could have been pled or argued prior
to the trial court’s original order.”). Accordingly, we discern no abuse of discretion in the trial
court’s decision to deny reconsideration.
Affirmed. Wayne may tax costs as the prevailing party. MCR 7.219(A).
/s/ Patrick M. Meter
/s/ Michael J. Kelly
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