People v. Benson

180 Mich. App. 433 (1989) 447 N.W.2d 755

PEOPLE
v.
BENSON

Docket No. 101031.

Michigan Court of Appeals.

Decided March 10, 1989.

Frank J. Kelley, Attorney General, Louis J. Caruso, Solicitor General, John D. O'Hair, Prosecuting Attorney, Timothy A. Baughman, Chief of Research, Training and Appeals, and Janice M. Joyce-Bartee, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for the people.

Charles T. Burke, for defendant.

Before: SAWYER, P.J., and BEASLEY and A.L. GILBERT,^[*] JJ.

PER CURIAM.

Defendant, Charles Jerome Benson, was convicted by a jury of armed robbery, MCL 750.529; MSA 28.797. Defendant was sentenced to serve not less than one hundred nor more than two hundred years in prison. Defendant appeals as of right, raising four issues.

First, defendant claims that the trial court committed error in refusing to instruct the jury on unarmed robbery. At the close of proofs, but prior to final arguments, defense counsel requested the court to instruct the jury on the lesser included offense of unarmed robbery. The following exchange occurred:

The Court: What do you want, Mr. Courtney?

Mr. Courtney: I'd like robbery not armed.

The Court: How?

Mr. Courtney: If the jury — the testimony, I think, varies significantly from one point to another. That the individual behind him had a gun that he passed to Mr. Benson is what he said here. Then at the exam he said ...

The Court: Wait a minute.

Mr. Courtney: At the preliminary examination.

The Court: That's not substantive evidence that can be used at trial.

Mr. Courtney: I think I impeached him to the point that the jury can reasonably believe that Mr. Benson did not have a weapon at the time of the robbery, and consequently I request robbery not armed.

The Court: Maybe the felony firearm count is not a problem. It does become a question of fact, doesn't it?

Mr. Courtney: That's true.

The Court: Anything else?

Whereupon defense counsel requested a jury instruction regarding the effect of conflicting testimony, which the trial judge declined to give.

Defendant argues that, pursuant to the above colloquy, the trial court denied defendant's request. The prosecution argues that the trial court did not deny the request but, in fact, implied concurrence with defendant in giving the instruction.

If the trial court in fact denied defendant's request, then, pursuant to People v Garrett,^[1] defendant has a point. On the other hand, if the trial court had intended to give the instruction on unarmed robbery as requested by defense counsel and inadvertently neglected to do so, then defense counsel's failure to object to its omission precludes appellate review unless a miscarriage of justice resulted.^[2] As a matter of fact, defense counsel did not object to the omission of the unarmed robbery instruction. In fact, when later asked if he was satisfied with the instructions, defense counsel responded, "Yes, sir."

Review of the conversation between defense counsel and the court leads us to agree with the prosecutor that the court granted defense counsel's request to instruct the jury on unarmed robbery. The court did not clearly deny the requested instruction, as it did in regard to defendant's only other instruction request. Instead, the court agreed that it became a question of fact. That defense counsel also believed his request was granted is evidenced by the fact that when the judge asked if there was anything else, counsel requested an additional instruction and did not resume his argument in favor of an unarmed robbery instruction. Thus, absent manifest injustice, we believe we are precluded from reviewing the failure to give the unarmed robbery instruction.^[3] No miscarriage of justice occurred in the instant case.

Second, defendant claims that the sentence of the trial court is excessive and should shock the judicial conscience. In this case, the sentence exceeds the recommended guidelines. The trial court did state its reasons for departing from the recommended guidelines. Moreover, the court stated: "The guidelines are not applicable. Your client is being sentenced as habitual." In view of the reasons set forth in the record, all of which are appropriate objectives for a court to consider when imposing a sentence, we do not believe the sentencing court abused its discretion in imposing sentence. While we doubt that we would have imposed this sentence, our judicial conscience is not shocked.^[4]

Third, defendant claims that the trial court committed error in permitting a police officer to testify, over objection, that defendant refused to attend a lineup. Following complainant's testimony, defendant moved to preclude the use of evidence of his own refusal to participate in the lineup in the prosecutor's case in chief. The trial court denied the motion. Subsequently, the prosecution called the police officer who testified that defendant refused to cooperate in the lineup.

A suspect has a right to be represented by counsel at a police lineup, but is not entitled to assert the privilege against self-incrimination.^[5] The Fifth Amendment^[6] is not implicated by appearance in a lineup; thus, evidence of the refusal to appear in the lineup did not violate defendant's right against self-incrimination.^[7] In People v Barnes,^[8] we stated that physical differences between a suspect and other lineup participants do not, in and of themselves, constitute impermissible suggestiveness, noting:

"Lineups are conducted in police stations, and the persons who participate in the lineup are taken from those who are being held in custody. It would be unusual indeed if the police had five persons with similar physical characteristics locked up in the same jail. Moreover, the purpose of a lineup is identification. If the defendant is the tallest man in the lineup, and if he believes that this impairs the validity of the identification, he should see that the jury is apprised of that fact. This is a question of the weight to be given the lineup identification, not its admissibility. It presents no basis for a new trial." People v Lloyd, 5 Mich. App. 717, 724-725; 147 NW2d 740 (1967).

The burden rests with the defendant to factually support a claim that a lineup was impermissibly suggestive when counsel was present.^[9] There is no authority requiring the police to make endless efforts to attempt to arrange a lineup.^[10]

In the within case, complainant went to the police station to view a lineup. Defendant complained that he was much taller than the other lineup participants and refused to attend a stand-up or sit-down lineup and, instead, asked to be transported to the county jail for a lineup. Defendant refused to cooperate in a lineup despite having counsel present and despite police efforts to conduct a sit-down lineup to make the lineup fair under the circumstances. Under these circumstances, we do not believe it was error requiring reversal for the trial court to permit testimony of defendant's refusal to participate in a police lineup.

Fourth, defendant claims that the trial court committed error in refusing to give his theory of the case to the jury. MCR 2.516(B)(3) stated in part at times relevant to this appeal:

(3) After the arguments are completed, the court shall instruct the jury on the applicable law, the issues presented by the case, and, if a party requests as provided in subrule (A)(2), that party's theory of the case.

In general, a trial judge is required to give instructions on the theories of the parties if they are requested and supported by some evidence.^[11] In the within case, the trial judge reviewed defendant's theory and declined to read it, saying he found it to be argumentative and not supported by the evidence. We are inclined to agree. Defendant's proposed theory does not appear to be supported by the evidence, and it is argumentative. We do not find error in the trial court's declining to read defendant's theory to the jury. Furthermore, the jury instructions, as a whole, fairly presented the issues to be tried and sufficiently protected the rights of defendant. The court instructed the jury to judge the credibility of witnesses, including complainant. The court informed the jury regarding defendant's claim of an alibi. Also, the court cautioned the jury to consider a witness' identification testimony carefully, since identification of defendant as a perpetrator of the crime was at issue.^[12]

Affirmed.

NOTES

[*] Circuit judge, sitting on the Court of Appeals by assignment.

[1] 161 Mich. App. 649; 411 NW2d 812 (1987), lv den 430 Mich. 856 (1988).

[2] MCR 2.516(C); People v Lipps, 167 Mich. App. 99, 105; 421 NW2d 586 (1988); People v Burgess, 153 Mich. App. 715, 726; 396 NW2d 814 (1986), lv den 428 Mich. 868 (1987).

[3] See 3 Martin, Dean & Webster, Michigan Court Rules Practice, Rule 2.516, comment 5, illustrations 1-3, p 262.

[4] People v Coles, 417 Mich. 523; 339 NW2d 440 (1983).

[5] People v Gunter, 14 Mich. App. 758, 759; 166 NW2d 33 (1968).

[6] US Const, Am V.

[7] O'Brien v Wainwright, 738 F2d 1139, 1143 (CA 11, 1984).

[8] 107 Mich. App. 386, 389-390; 310 NW2d 5 (1981), lv den 413 Mich. 867 (1982).

[9] People v Horton, 98 Mich. App. 62, 68; 296 NW2d 184 (1980).

[10] People v Melvin Davis, 146 Mich. App. 537, 547; 381 NW2d 759 (1985).

[11] People v Walker, 167 Mich. App. 377, 380-381; 422 NW2d 8 (1988), lv den 431 Mich. 882 (1988).

[12] Burgess, supra, p 726.