DocketNumber: Docket No. 301458
Citation Numbers: 296 Mich. App. 643
Judges: Connell, Krause, Sawyer
Filed Date: 5/24/2012
Status: Precedential
Modified Date: 9/9/2022
The central issue in this case is whether, under the felony-murder statute,
Defendant’s wife, Ella, died on October 11, 2009. On a number of occasions before her death she needed medical attention for a variety of injuries. On July 31, she was admitted to the Metropolitan Hospital inten
Thereafter, in September, Mary visited her parents and observed bruises on the victim. When she asked defendant about them, he became angry and assaulted her. Both Mary and their other daughter contacted Adult Protective Services (APS). A few days later, during a follow-up medical visit with Dr. Chandini Valeeswarah, Valeeswarah observed multiple bruises on the victim’s body. Defendant explained that the victim had fallen recently. Valeeswarah did not believe that the injuries were consistent with defendant’s account and directed his staff to contact APS. A referral to APS also was made by the rehabilitation center that treated the victim after her physical therapist observed suspicious bruises.
While the APS investigation was pending, paramedics were summoned to the Cornelias’ home on October 9 because the victim was injured and unconscious. The victim was taken to the hospital, where she was admitted for a subdural hematoma. The victim died on October 11. Following an autopsy, the medical examiner determined that the cause of death was blunt-force impact to the head and that the manner of death was homicide. Defendant was thereafter convicted of first-degree felony murder and sentenced to the mandatory term of life in prison without the possibility of parole. He now appeals, and we affirm.
On appeal, defendant raises a number of arguments to support his claims that there was insufficient evidence to support his conviction and that he received
MCL 750.316(l)(b) defines first-degree felony murder as
[mjurder committed in the perpetration of, or attempt to perpetrate, arson, criminal sexual conduct in the first, second, or third degree, child abuse in the first degree, a major controlled substance offense, robbery, carjacking, breaking and entering of a dwelling, home invasion in the first or second degree, larceny of any kind, extortion, kidnapping, vulnerable adult abuse in the first and second degree under [MCL 750.145n], torture under [MCL 750.85], or aggravated stalking under [MCL 750.411Í],
The basis for defendant’s argument lies in the fact that, with the exception of the reference to vulnerable-adult abuse, the statute uses the disjunctive word “or.” This is true both in regard to the list of crimes as a whole and the references to the other two crimes with multiple degrees that satisfy the felony-murder rule (i.e., criminal sexual conduct and home invasion). Yet when the Legislature
Questions of statutory interpretation are reviewed de novo.
Our overriding goal for interpreting a statute is to determine and give effect to the Legislature’s intent. The most reliable indicator of the Legislature’s intent is the words in the statute. We interpret those words in light of their ordinary meaning and their context within the statute and read them harmoniously to give effect to the statute as a whole. Moreover, “every word should be given meaning, and we should avoid a construction that would render any part of the statute surplusage or nugatory.” If the statutory language is unambiguous, no further judicial construction is required or permitted because we presume the Legislature intended the meaning that it plainly expressed. [People v Peltola, 489 Mich 174, 181; 803 NW2d 140 (2011), quoting AFSCME v Detroit, 468 Mich 388, 399-400; 662 NW2d 695 (2003).]
In the context of this statute, we do not believe that the Legislature intended the literal meaning of the word “and” in the reference to vulnerable-adult abuse in the first and second degrees.
As this Court explained in People v Humphreys,
The primary goal of statutory interpretation is to ascertain and give effect to the legislative intent. Root v Ins Co*649 of North America, 214 Mich App 106, 109; 542 NW2d 318 (1995). In this case, the use of the disjunctive “or” gives rise to an ambiguity in the statute because it can be read as meaning either “and” or “or.” Accordingly, we must construe the word to give effect to the Legislature’s intent. Id. The Court in Root, [214 Mich App] at 109, discussed the often double meaning of the word “or”:
“The popular use of ‘or’ and ‘and’ is so loose and so frequently inaccurate that it has infected statutory enactments. While they are not treated as interchangeable, and should be followed when their accurate reading does not render the sense dubious, their strict meaning is more readily departed from than that of other words, and one read in place of the other in deference to the meaning of the context.”
Similarly, in People v Gatski,
Reading the word “and” literally in the vulnerable-adult-abuse portion of the felony-murder statute would render it dubious. First, there is no obvious reason why the Legislature would require a defendant to commit both first- and second-degree vulnerable-adult abuse in order to be guilty of felony murder. It would be the only circumstance under which a defendant would have to commit two predicate felonies in order to be guilty of felony murder. Second, and more importantly, to read the statute as requiring both first- and second-degree vulnerable-adult abuse would render that portion of the statute meaningless because it is impossible to commit both in the same act.
First-degree vulnerable-adult abuse occurs when “the caregiver intentionally causes serious physical
It must also be remembered that vulnerable-adult abuse is a recent addition to the felony-murder statute, having been added by 2004 PA 58. It would seem more plausible that when the Legislature added these two offenses to the list of underlying felonies, it did so with the intent to add both first- and second-degree violations to the list, not to add a single requirement of an offense that violated both provisions of the vulnerable-adult-abuse statute, which represents an impossibility. That is, it is more likely that the Legislature in drafting the amendatory act inadvertently made use of the conjunctive word “and” while overlooking the fact that
For these reasons, we conclude that the requirements for felony murder are satisfied by committing either first-degree vulnerable-adult abuse or second-degree vulnerable-adult abuse. Accordingly, we conclude that defendant’s arguments that there was insufficient evidence to prove first-degree vulnerable-adult abuse and that he was deprived of effective assistance of counsel by his counsel’s failing to request an instruction that the prosecutor had to prove first-degree vulnerable-adult abuse is without merit because first-degree vulnerable-adult abuse was not, and need not have been, part of the prosecutor’s theory of the case.
Defendant also argues that there was insufficient evidence on the element of malice. We disagree. We review a sufficiency issue by considering the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution and determining whether a rational trier of fact could find each element of the offense proved beyond a reasonable doubt.
There was testimony that the victim was in a weakened physical condition because of her various medical problems and that defendant was aware of her condition. Furthermore, defendant admitted when interviewed by detectives that he had hit and pushed the victim on multiple occasions. He further admitted that on one occasion he might have hit her head on the kitchen countertop. On another occasion, according to defendant, he “could of kinda slam [sic] her into the wall.” The wall was a bathroom tile wall and “she kinda like bounced off,” falling to the floor and hitting her head on the floor. The medical examiner testified that the cause of death was blunt cranial cerebral trauma.
In light of the victim’s medical condition, a reasonable trier of fact could conclude that defendant knew that slamming the victim into a tile wall with sufficient force to cause her to fall to the floor and hit her head was likely to cause death or great bodily harm. We are satisfied that there was sufficient evidence of malice to support defendant’s conviction.
Defendant also raises additional claims of ineffective assistance of counsel. Specifically, he argues that counsel was ineffective for failing to move to suppress statements made during a custodial interview before defendant had been read his Miranda
In order to establish ineffective assistance of counsel for failure to move to suppress a custodial statement made before the Miranda warnings were given, the
Similarly, in the case at bar, there are arguments both in favor of finding a custodial environment and against it. In favor of finding a custodial environment, defendant argues that multiple officers were involved in the interview, that defendant stayed in the conference room where the interviews took place between the first
With these points in mind, we must reach the same conclusion that our colleagues did in Mayes, namely, that “we are not convinced that defense counsel was ineffective for failing to argue that defendant’s confession should have been suppressed, because it is unclear whether defendant would have prevailed on the issue.”
Finally, defendant argues that counsel was ineffective for failing to object to improper comments by the prosecutor during closing argument. Specifically, defendant argues that various comments by the prosecutor that the victim had been beaten were not supported by the record, nor were numerous comments that defendant claims disparagingly described him as “a detail man” and as “controlling.”
With respect to the comments regarding the victim’s having been beaten, a prosecutor is entitled to argue the evidence and reasonable inferences from the evidence.
In short, there was an adequate basis for the prosecutor to make these arguments. Because there was no prosecutorial misconduct, there was no basis for defense counsel to object. And it is not ineffective assistance of counsel to fail to make a meritless objection.
Affirmed.
MCL 750.316(l)(b).
MCL 750.145n.
People v Peltola, 489 Mich 174, 178; 803 NW2d 140 (2011).
People v Humphreys, 221 Mich App 443, 451-452; 561 NW2d 868 (1997).
People v Gatski, 260 Mich App 360, 365-366; 677 NW2d 357 (2004).
MCL 750.145n(l).
MCL 750.145n(2).
Random House Webster’s College Dictionary (2000).
People v Carines, 460 Mich 750, 757; 597 NW2d 130 (1999).
Id. at 758.
Miranda v Arizona, 384 US 436; 86 S Ct 1602; 16 L Ed 2d 694 (1966).
People v Mayes (After Remand), 202 Mich App 181, 191; 508 NW2d 161 (1993).
Id. at 190-191.
Id. at 190.
Id. at 190-191.
Id. at 191.
Id.
People v Unger, 278 Mich App 210, 236; 749 NW2d 272 (2008).
People v Ericksen, 288 Mich App 192, 201; 793 NW2d 120 (2010).