Williams v. Morrison

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT EASTERN DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN SOUTHERN DIVISION DARRIUS Z. WILLIAMS, Petitioner, Case Number 22-13024 v. Honorable David M. Lawson BRYAN MORRISON, Respondent. ________________________________________/ OPINION AND ORDER GRANTING MOTION TO STAY PROCEEDINGS AND HOLDING PETITION IN ABEYANCE On December 14, 2022, the petitioner, Darrius Z. Williams, presently confined at the Lakeland Correctional Facility in Coldwater, Michigan, filed his pro se petition for a writ of habeas corpus under 28 U.S.C. § 2254. On the same date, he also filed a motion to stay the proceedings and hold the petition in abeyance, so that he might return to state court to exhaust additional claims. The Court now finds that the request for a stay is lawful and should be granted. I. After a jury trial in the Wayne County, Michigan circuit court, the petitioner was convicted on charges of manslaughter, being a felon in possession of a firearm, and possessing a firearm during the commission of felony. The charges arose from an incident in May 2017 when the petitioner shot and killed Orlando Ross, the brother of his then girlfriend. The shooting occurred during a confrontation between Ross and the petitioner following a heated dispute that arose between petitioner and his girlfriend after she discovered his affair with another woman. The petitioner appealed his conviction raising claims that (1) the indictment was invalid because it was not signed by the prosecutor; (2) the petitioner’s trial counsel was ineffective by failing to raise certain objections, failing to request a jury instruction to the effect that the petitioner had no “duty to retreat” from a sudden attack that occurred on the premises of his home, advising the petitioner not to testify at trial, and failing to present evidence of power company records showing that the home where the shooting occurred was the petitioner’s residence; and (3) the trial court abused its discretion by refusing to admit evidence of the victim’s character consisting of his previous conviction for armed robbery. Those arguments were rejected when the convictions were affirmed by the Michigan Court of Appeals on April 23, 2020. People v. Williams, No. 345490, 2020 WL 1968444, at *14 (Mich. Ct. App. Apr. 23, 2020). Although the court of appeals affirmed the convictions, it also addressed a cross-appeal by the prosecution challenging the trial court’s decision to amend the judgment of sentence, and it remanded with instructions to reinstate the original judgment. The Michigan Supreme Court denied the petitioner’s application for leave to appeal on September 8, 2021. People v. Williams, 508 Mich. 924, 963 N.W.2d 360 (2021). The petitioner now asks the Court to stay the proceedings and hold the petition in abeyance so that he can return to state court to exhaust additional claims that his trial counsel was ineffective by failing adequately to prepare for trial and failing to investigate certain evidence and witnesses. Those claims were not previously presented to the state courts. II. The doctrine of exhaustion of state remedies requires state prisoners to “fairly present’ their claims as federal constitutional issues in the state courts before raising those claims in a federal habeas corpus petition. See 28 U.S.C. § 2254(b)(1)(A), (c); O’Sullivan v. Boerckel, 526 U.S. 838, 844 (1999); McMeans v. Brigano, 228 F.3d 674, 680-81 (6th Cir. 2000); Rust v. Zent, 17 F.3d 155, 160 (6th Cir. 1994). The exhaustion requirement is satisfied if a prisoner invokes one complete round of the state’s established appellate review process, including a petition for discretionary review to a state supreme court. See O’Sullivan, 526 U.S. at 845, 847. A prisoner “‘fairly presents’ his claim to the state courts by citing a portion of the Constitution, federal decisions using constitutional analysis, or state decisions employing constitutional analysis in similar fact patterns.” Levine v. Torvik, 986 F.2d 1506, 1516 (6th Cir. 1993); see also Prather v. Rees, 822 F.2d 1418, 1420 (6th Cir. 1987) (“Ordinarily, the state courts must have had the opportunity to pass on defendant’s claims of constitutional violations”). A Michigan petitioner must present each ground to both Michigan appellate courts before seeking federal habeas corpus relief. Wagner v. Smith, 581 F.3d 410, 414 (6th Cir. 2009); Mohn v. Bock, 208 F. Supp. 2d 796, 800 (E.D. Mich. 2002); see also Hafley v. Sowders, 902 F.2d 480, 483 (6th Cir. 1990). The petitioner bears the burden of showing that her state court remedies have been exhausted. Rust, 17 F.3d at 160. The Supreme Court has held that the filing of a federal habeas corpus petition does not suspend the running of the one-year limitations period under 28 U.S.C. § 2244(d)(2). See Duncan v. Walker, 533 U.S. 167, 181-82 (2001). However, the Supreme Court’s decision in Duncan does not prevent district courts from “retain[ing] jurisdiction over a meritorious claim and stay[ing] proceedings pending the complete exhaustion of state remedies,” or from “deeming the limitations period tolled for [a habeas] petition as a matter of equity.” Id. at 182-83 (Stevens, J., concurring). The Supreme Court nonetheless has cautioned that a stay is “available only in limited circumstances,” such as “when the district court determines there was good cause for the petitioner’s failure to exhaust his claims first in state court,” the unexhausted claims are not “plainly meritless,” and the petitioner is not “engage[d] in abusive litigation tactics or intentional delay.” Rhines v. Weber, 544 U.S. 269, 277-78 (2005). The Sixth Circuit has advised that it is preferable for a district court to dismiss the unexhausted claims, retain jurisdiction over the exhausted claims, and stay proceedings pending exhaustion where to do otherwise would jeopardize the timeliness of a subsequent petition. See Griffin v. Rogers, 308 F.3d 647, 652 & 652 n.1 (6th Cir. 2002); see also Palmer v. Carlton, 276 F.3d 777, 781 (6th Cir. 2002) (finding it “eminently reasonable” to dismiss unexhausted claims in a habeas petition and stay proceedings on the remaining claims pending exhaustion of state court remedies). The court of appeals reiterated this point in its decision in Cunningham v. Hudson, 756 F.3d 486 (6th Cir. 2014): “[I]f the petitioner had good cause for his failure to exhaust, his unexhausted claims are potentially meritorious, and there is no indication that the petitioner engaged in intentionally dilatory litigation tactics . . . the district court should stay, rather than dismiss, the mixed petition.” [Rhines v. Weber, 544 U.S.] at 278, 125 S. Ct. 1528. This is because “[i]n such circumstance, . . . the petitioner’s interest in obtaining federal review of his claims outweighs the competing interests in finality and speedy resolution of federal petitions.” Id.; see also Wagner, 581 F.3d at 419 (considering a mixed habeas petition and “not[ing] that Petitioner’s claims, particularly the unexhausted claims, are not ‘plainly meritless,’” so “assuming Petitioner can show good cause for failing to present these claims to the state court in the first instance, we see no reason why the district court should not grant a ‘stay and abeyance’ while Petitioner exhausts in state court, should Petitioner opt against dismissing his unexhausted claims.” (citation and footnotes omitted)). 756 F.3d at 486. The Michigan Court Rules provide a process by which the petitioner may raise his unexhausted claims. The petitioner may file a motion for relief from judgment under Subchapter 6.500 of the Michigan Court Rules, which allows the trial court to appoint counsel, seek a response from the prosecutor, expand the record, permit oral argument, and conduct an evidentiary hearing on the petitioner’s claim. The petitioner may appeal the trial court’s disposition of his motion for relief from judgment to the Michigan Court of Appeals and the Michigan Supreme Court, and he may thereafter file a petition for writ of certiorari in the United States Supreme Court. To obtain relief in state court, he will have to show cause for failing to raise the unexhausted claims on direct review and resulting prejudice or a significant possibility of innocence. See Mich. Ct. R. 6.508(D)(3). However, he would have to make a similar showing here if the Court concluded that there was no state remedy to exhaust. Gray v. Netherland, 518 U.S. 152, 161-62 (1996); Hannah v. Conley, 49 F.3d 1193, 1195-96 & 1196 n.3 (6th Cir. 1995); Rust, 17 F.3d at 160. The statute of limitations under 28 U.S.C. § 2244(d)(1) should give the petitioner cause for concern. The Michigan Supreme Court denied the petitioner’s application for leave to appeal on September 8, 2021. That decision became final on December 7, 2021, when the time during which the petitioner could have filed a petition for a writ of certiorari in the United States Supreme Court expired. The one-year limitations period commenced on the following day, December 8, 2021. See Bronaugh v. Ohio, 235 F.3d 280, 284-85 (6th Cir. 2000) (holding that the last day on which a petitioner can file a petition for a writ of certiorari in the United States Supreme Court is not counted toward the one-year limitations period applicable to habeas corpus petitions). The present petition was received and docketed by the Clerk of Court on December 14, 2022. Although the petition itself is undated, the accompanying motion to stay was signed and dated by the petitioner on December 6, 2022. Under the prison mailbox rule, the petition is deemed to have been filed on the date that the pleadings were signed by the petitioner. Miller v. Collins, 305 F.3d 491, 497–98 (6th Cir. 2002). The petition therefore effectively was filed with only one day remaining in the one-year limitations period. In light of the extremely short remainder of the limitations period, it is likely that any subsequently filed petition would be untimely by the time the state court proceedings on the new claims were concluded and the petitioner successfully tenders an amended petition to this Court raising his fully exhausted claims. The Court, therefore, will grant the petitioner’s request to hold the petition in abeyance while he returns to the state courts to exhaust his additional claims. All of the claims raised in the original petition have been exhausted, but the new claims that the petitioner describes in his motion to stay have not. The petitioner’s claims do not appear to be “plainly meritless,” Wagner v. Smith, 581 F. 3d 410, 419 (6th Cir. 2009), and he may argue that he did not previously raise these claims in the state courts due to the ineffective assistance of trial and appellate counsel. Id., at 419, n.4 & 5. It does not appear that the petitioner has engaged in “intentionally dilatory tactics.” However, even where a district court determines that a stay is appropriate pending exhaustion of state court remedies, the district court “should place reasonable time limits on a petitioner’s trip to state court and back.” Rhines, 544 U.S. at 278. Therefore, to ensure that there are no delays by the petitioner in exhausting his state court remedies, the Court will impose upon the petitioner time limits within which he must pursue post-conviction relief from the state courts. See Palmer v. Carlton, 276 F. 3d 777, 781 (6th Cir. 2002). The petitioner promptly must initiate any further proceedings in the state courts, within 56 days after the entry of this order, and he must ask this Court to lift the stay within 56 days after exhausting his state court remedies. III. Accordingly, it is ORDERED that the petitioner’s motion to stay the proceedings and hold the petition in abeyance (ECF No. 2) is GRANTED. The proceedings on the petition for a writ of habeas corpus are STAYED until further order of the Court. It is further ORDERED that the petitioner promptly must pursue any post-conviction or further appellate proceedings relating to his unexhausted claims, by properly submitting appropriate filings to the state court on or before February 10, 2023. It is further ORDERED that the petitioner must file an amended petition in this Court within fifty-six (56) days after the conclusion of the state court proceedings. If the petitioner files an amended petition, the respondent shall file an answer addressing the allegations in the petition in accordance with Rule 5 of the Rules Governing Section 2254 Cases in the United States District Courts within fifty-six (56) days thereafter. If the petitioner returns to federal court with an amended petition, following exhaustion of his state court remedies, he must use the same caption and case number as appears on this order. s/David M. Lawson DAVID M. LAWSON United States District Judge Dated: December 16, 2022