Kim Marie Robberstad v. State of Minnesota

This opinion will be unpublished and
may not be cited except as provided by
Minn. Stat. § 480A.08, subd. 3 (2014).
STATE OF MINNESOTA
IN COURT OF APPEALS
A15-0385
Kim Marie Robberstad, petitioner,
Appellant,
vs.
State of Minnesota,
Respondent.
Filed January 25, 2016
Affirmed
Smith, Judge
Washington County District Court
File No. 82-CR-09-7341
Cathryn Middlebrook, Chief Appellate Public Defender, Carol Comp, Special Assistant
Public Defender, St. Paul, Minnesota (for appellant)
Lori Swanson, Attorney General, St. Paul, Minnesota; and
Pete Orput, Washington County Attorney, Peter S. Johnson, Assistant County Attorney,
Stillwater, Minnesota (for respondent)
Considered and decided by Ross, Presiding Judge; Hooten, Judge; and Smith, Judge.
UNPUBLISHED OPINION
SMITH, Judge
We affirm the postconviction court’s denial of appellant’s petition for
postconviction relief because appellant’s petition was untimely and she fails to satisfy any
exception to the statute of limitations.
FACTS
On August 14, 2009, drug enforcement agents and police officers executed a search
warrant at a residence in the City of St. Paul Park. Several individuals, including appellant
Kim Marie Robberstad, were present at the residence. During a search of the residence,
agents discovered, among other drug paraphernalia, a plastic container and a small bag,
each containing a crystal substance. The plastic container was found in a zippered case
and the bag was found in a safe. The St. Paul Police Department Crime Lab (SPPDCL)
later tested the crystal substance and identified the substance as methamphetamine.
During a Mirandized interview, Robberstad stated that she and her mother, husband,
and three children lived at the residence. She admitted to using methamphetamine in the
past, but stated that she had recently stopped. Robberstad also stated that she knew the
contents of the safe and admitted that the zippered case belonged to her. Further, she
admitted that a piece of paper with notes indicating the sale of drugs belonged to her.
During a Mirandized interview, Robberstad’s husband stated that the drug paraphernalia
belonged to Robberstad. He denied that any of the methamphetamine that was found was
his and told officers “it was probably [Robberstad’s].”
On August 9, 2010, Robberstad pleaded guilty to fifth-degree possession of a
controlled substance. At the plea hearing, Robberstad stated that the methamphetamine
found in the plastic container was hers, that she told law enforcement it was hers, and that
she possessed methamphetamine on that date. On October 29, 2010, the district court
accepted Robberstad’s guilty plea. The district court then stayed execution of a 13-month
sentence and placed her on probation. Robberstad did not pursue a direct appeal.
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On July 19, 2014, Robberstad filed a petition for postconviction relief, seeking to
withdraw her guilty plea. Her petition was based on revelations that the SPPDCL had
inadequate training and testing protocols. See generally Roberts v. State, 856 N.W.2d 287,
289 (Minn. App. 2014), review denied (Minn. Jan. 28, 2015). Robberstad acknowledged
in her petition that she did not comply with the general two-year statute of limitations, but
she sought to invoke the newly-discovered-evidence and interests-of-justice exceptions to
the two-year statute of limitations.
In January 2015, the postconviction court denied Robberstad’s petition without an
evidentiary hearing. The postconviction court reasoned that Robberstad could not satisfy
either of the two exceptions to the two-year statute of limitations that she invoked in her
petition.
DECISION
I.
Robberstad argues that the postconviction court erred by summarily denying her
petition for postconviction relief. We review a summary denial of postconviction relief for
abuse of discretion. Riley v. State, 819 N.W.2d 162, 167 (Minn. 2012). “A postconviction
court abuses its discretion when its decision is based on an erroneous view of the law or is
against logic and the facts in the record.” Id. (quotation omitted).
A person convicted of a crime who claims that her conviction or sentence violated
her constitutional rights may file a petition for postconviction relief. Minn. Stat. § 590.01,
subd. 1 (2014). Petitions for postconviction relief must be filed within two years of the
later of “(1) the entry of judgment of conviction or sentence if no direct appeal is filed; or
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(2) an appellate court’s disposition of petitioner’s direct appeal.” Id., subd. 4(a) (2014). A
petition filed after the two-year time limit may be considered if it satisfies one of five
statutory exceptions. See id., subd. 4(b) (2014). But any petition relying on an exception
to the two-year statute of limitations is subject to another limitations period, which provides
that the petition “must be filed within two years of the date the claim arises.” Id., subd.
4(c) (2014); see also Sanchez v. State, 816 N.W.2d 550, 552 (Minn. 2012).
Accordingly, “[a] postconviction petitioner is not entitled to relief or an evidentiary
hearing on an untimely petition unless he can demonstrate that ‘he satisfies one of the
[statutory] exceptions . . . and that application of the exception is not time-barred.’”
Roberts, 856 N.W.2d at 290 (quoting Riley, 819 N.W.2d at 168). “If the petitioner does
not demonstrate that an exception applies and that application of the exception is timely,
the postconviction court may summarily deny the petition as untimely.” Id. Here,
Robberstad does not deny that her petition was outside the two-year time limit, but argues
that the newly-discovered-evidence and interests-of-justice exceptions apply.
A. Newly-Discovered-Evidence Exception
Under the newly-discovered-evidence exception, a postconviction petition that is
filed after the two-year statute of limitations may be considered if five requirements are
satisfied: (1) “the petitioner alleges the existence of newly discovered evidence,” (2) the
evidence “could not have been ascertained by the exercise of due diligence by the petitioner
or petitioner’s attorney within the two-year time period,” (3) “the evidence is not
cumulative,” (4) the evidence “is not for impeachment purposes,” and (5) the evidence
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“establishes by a clear and convincing standard that the petitioner is innocent.” Minn. Stat.
§ 590.01, subd. 4(b)(2); see also Riley, 819 N.W.2d at 168.
The postconviction court reasoned that the newly-discovered-evidence exception
does not apply because Robberstad cannot satisfy the second and fifth requirements.
Robberstad argues that the second and fifth requirements are satisfied because the problems
at the SPPDCL could not have been discovered through due diligence until after they came
to light in 2012 and that “the evidence would probably result in an acquittal or more
favorable result at trial.” However, as the postconviction court noted in its order, we
rejected nearly identical arguments in Roberts. 856 N.W.2d at 292 (holding that appellant
did not meet his burden to establish that the new evidence regarding the SPPDCL could
not have been discovered with due diligence or that the new evidence clearly and
convincingly established his innocence). As in Roberts, in her plea hearing, Robberstad
did not challenge the identity of the substance she possessed. See id. at 291-92. She neither
offered evidence regarding the chemical composition of the substance, nor claimed that the
substance was not methamphetamine. She makes no specific allegations concerning the
testing done in her case, and expressly gave up her right to challenge the state’s evidence
by pleading guilty. Further, like Roberts, Robberstad also faced nonscientific evidence of
guilt, including her admissions that she has previously used methamphetamine, that the
paraphernalia and methamphetamine belonged to her, and that she knew methamphetamine
was in the residence that day. See id. at 292. Robberstad’s husband also told law
enforcement that the paraphernalia was Robberstad’s and that the methamphetamine was
“probably hers.”
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Robberstad attempts to distinguish Roberts by pointing out that, even if the SPPDCL
reports had been diligently reviewed, it would have taken an attorney with special
qualifications to uncover the testing deficiencies. But Robberstad, like Roberts, has not
shown that she or her attorney ever made an attempt to investigate the test results or that
anyone prevented her or her attorney from doing so. See id. at 291. Because Robberstad
has failed to establish all of the elements of the newly-discovered-evidence exception, the
postconviction court did not abuse its discretion by concluding that the exception does not
apply.
B. Interests-of-Justice Exception
Under the interests-of-justice exception, a postconviction petition that is filed after
the two-year statute of limitations may be considered if “the petition is not frivolous and is
in the interests of justice.” Minn. Stat. § 590.01, subd. 4(b)(5). This exception applies only
in extraordinary circumstances. Gassler v. State, 787 N.W.2d 575, 586 (Minn. 2010).
Non-exclusive factors to consider in determining whether to apply the interests-of-justice
exception include whether the claim has “substantive merit,” whether the defendant
“deliberately and inexcusably failed to raise the issue on direct appeal,” the degree to which
each party is at fault for the alleged error, whether “fundamental unfairness to the
defendant” will result, and whether invoking the exception is “necessary to protect the
integrity of judicial proceedings.” Id. at 586-87. The supreme court recently clarified that
the interests-of-justice exception “relate[s] to the reason the petition was filed after the
two-year time limit in subdivision 4(a), not the substantive claims in the petition,” such
that “the interests-of-justice exception is triggered by an injustice that caused the petitioner
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to miss the primary deadline in subdivision 4(a), not the substance of the petition.”
Sanchez, 816 N.W.2d at 557.
The postconviction court reasoned that the interests-of-justice exception does not
apply because Robberstad had the opportunity to investigate the validity of her test results
and declined to do so. Robberstad argues that this exception is satisfied for two reasons.
First, she contends that she has meritorious claims. In making this argument she refers to
the substantive claims that she alleged in her postconviction petition and continues to
pursue on appeal. Because the merits of Robberstad’s postconviction petition have no
bearing on the applicability of the interests-of-justice exception to the statute of limitations,
we will not review them for purposes of determining the applicability of the interest-of-
justice exception. See Sanchez, 816 N.W.2d at 557.
Second, Robberstad contends that the state should be held responsible for the
problems with the SPPDCL and the lack of any disclosure of those problems within the
two-year limitations period. As the postconviction court noted in its order, we rejected the
same argument in Roberts. 856 N.W.2d at 293. Like Roberts, Robberstad had the
“opportunity to investigate the validity of the test results . . . and [she] declined to do so,”
which means that she is “at fault for her failure to discover the problems at the crime lab
before [she] pleaded guilty.” See id. Further, as we reasoned in Roberts, there is “no
fundamental unfairness that needs to be addressed” because “it is not fundamentally unfair
to hold [Robberstad] accountable for [her] choice to accept the state’s scientific evidence
at face value and resolve [her] case with a guilty plea in exchange for a reduced sentence.”
Id. It is also not “necessary to act in the interests of justice to protect the integrity of the
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judicial proceedings” because the problems at the SPPDCL do “not stem from a flaw in
the judicial process.” Id.
Because Robberstad has not satisfied all of the requirements of the interests-of-
justice exception, the postconviction court did not abuse its discretion by concluding that
the exception does not apply.
II.
Robberstad argues that the postconviction court erred when it denied her request for
an evidentiary hearing. A postconviction court’s decision on whether to hold an
evidentiary hearing is reviewed for an abuse of discretion. Riley, 819 N.W.2d at 167. A
postconviction petitioner is not entitled to an evidentiary hearing if “the petition and files
and records of the proceeding conclusively show that the petitioner is entitled to no relief.”
Minn. Stat. § 590.04, subd. 1 (2014). An evidentiary hearing is required only if “there are
material facts in dispute that must be resolved to determine the postconviction claim on its
merits.” Powers v. State, 695 N.W.2d 371, 374 (Minn. 2005).
The postconviction court’s analysis and our analysis do not depend on the resolution
of disputed facts. Robberstad did not submit an affidavit in support of her petition and
there are no facts that need to be developed to address the question of whether exceptions
to the statute of limitations are established. Therefore, Robberstad has not shown that the
postconviction court abused its discretion by denying her request for an evidentiary
hearing. See id. at 374.
Affirmed.
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