Crystal Acker v. State of Mississippi

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF MISSISSIPPI
NO. 1999-KA-01858-SCT
CRYSTAL ACKER a/k/a CRYSTAL HAYDEN ACKER a/k/a "SHORTY"
v.
STATE OF MISSISSIPPI
DATE OF JUDGMENT: 10/05/1999
TRIAL JUDGE: HON. BARRY W. FORD
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED: ITAWAMBA COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: AMY STOKES HARRIS
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE: OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
BY: CHARLES W. MARIS, JR.
DISTRICT ATTORNEY: JOHN RICHARD YOUNG
NATURE OF THE CASE: CRIMINAL - FELONY
DISPOSITION: AFFIRMED - 6/21/2001
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED: 7/12/2001
BEFORE PITTMAN, C.J., MILLS AND WALLER, JJ.
PITTMAN, CHIEF JUSTICE, FOR THE COURT:
¶1. This is an appeal from an order entered by the Circuit Court of Itawamba County denying Crystal
Acker's motion for resentencing or reduction of sentence. The State filed a motion to dismiss the appeal,
alleging that Miss. Code Ann. § 99-35-101 does not authorize an appeal where the defendant has pled
guilty. We deny the State's motion to dismiss,(1) but we affirm the order denying Acker's motion.
FACTS AND PROCEEDINGS BELOW
¶2. Crystal Acker was indicted by the Itawamba County Grand Jury on a charge of uttering a forgery. Four
months later, with court-appointed counsel, she made her appearance in the Circuit Court of Itawamba
County. After thorough questioning by the trial judge to ensure that Acker understood the ramifications of a
guilty plea, Acker entered her plea of guilty. Regarding her sentence, the State recommended that Acker
take part in the Regimented Inmate Discipline (RID) Program, and upon finishing the program, be sent to a
restitution center.
¶3. The trial judge asked Acker's counsel whether they had discussed the charge and consequences of
pleading guilty, whether she felt that Acker understood the advice she had been given, and whether she
believed that Acker was entering her plea of guilty "knowingly, freely, understandingly and voluntarily." Her
counsel answered each question affirmatively. Acker received a sentence of ten years in the custody of the
State Department of Corrections and was placed in the RID program. The trial judge clearly stated that
when Acker completed the RID program she would be sent to a restitution center where she would remain
until restitution, fines, and court costs were paid. The trial judge also explained to Acker that if she failed to
finish the RID program she would have to serve a sentence of ten years in the Mississippi Department of
Corrections.
¶4. The sentencing order was filed the same day showing Acker's sentence and containing the following
relevant provisions:
If the defendant should fail to successfully complete the Regimented Inmate Discipline Program, the
Commissioner of the Mississippi Department of Corrections may without further orders of this Court
place the defendant in the general population to complete said sentence.
If the defendant successfully completes the Regimented Inmate Discipline Program, the Commissioner
of the Mississippi Department of Corrections without further orders of this Court shall release the
defendant. The defendant shall report to the probation officer of said County on the next business day
following his/her release and shall be on supervised probation for the remainder of the original
sentence or until the Court shall alter, extend, terminate or direct the execution of the above sentence.
¶5. After almost three months of participation in RID, Acker requested that she be removed from the
program. Acker's signed and witnessed document stated the following:
I, Crystal Acker MDOC# T-5234 do not want to participate in the Regimented Inmate Discipline
Program. This is my decision alone. I have not been coerced or forced to make this decision. I feel
this will be in my best interest to flatten my sentence in general population at the Central Mississippi
Correctional Facility.
¶6. This document, and a letter from Diane Robbins, the director of "Rankin Satellite/Restitution/RID", were
sent to the trial judge. Director Robbins's letter stated the following:
This is to inform you that Ms. Christie Acker T5234 has been removed from the RID Program at her
request. Ms Acker made the request because of her inability to participate in the structured activity of
the program. She feels the program will not benefit her and request that she be returned to do the ten
(10) years given to her. Did indicate that her time will be wasted as well as the staff because she
would refuse to participate. Therefore, it would be her best interest to be returned to Central
Mississippi Correctional Facility. She also feels that she is not in good physical condition to participate
in the strenuous physical exercises that is required.
Ms Ackers (sic) has made this decision of her own freewill and has not been forced or coherced (sic)
into making this decision. Ms Acker has been transferred back to Central Mississippi Correctional
Facility and placed in general population. I have attached a statement made and signed by Ms Acker.
¶7. Acker's signed statement and the accompanying letter by Director Robbins provide the first direct
mention of any possible physical problems that Acker had. The only previous hint of physical problems can
be seen in the transcript of the proceedings when Acker entered her plea of guilty. Acker at that time asked
that she be allowed to remain out of jail to recover from a medical procedure that she had recently
undergone. The trial judge, after explaining to Acker the terms of her sentence, denied her request and
explained, "when you are out of jail, you get in trouble, young lady." "That's just the fact of it." The record
does not indicate the seriousness of this medical procedure or whether it could have hindered her ability to
participate in RID.
¶8. Acker's request to be removed from RID was accepted, and she was transferred to Central Mississippi
Correctional Facility and placed in the general population to serve her sentence. After six (6) months in
general population, Acker filed a motion styled Defendant's Motion for Resentencing or Reduction of
Sentence. In this motion Acker alleged that she was unable to successfully complete the RID program and
withdrew; that there were extenuating circumstances including claims that she suffers from a diabetic or near
diabetic condition which made her unable to perform the physical activities required by the program; and
that she suffers from mild mental retardation which prevented her from fully understanding the expectations
of the program and the consequences of her inability to complete it. She asserted generally that she "suffers
from various mental disorders" which also affected her judgment.
¶9. The motion concluded with a request that the court reduce the length of her sentence or grant her some
consideration. A few weeks later a hearing on the motion was held, from which there is no record. One
month after this hearing, the circuit court entered an order stating that Acker's "motion is not well taken and
is, therefore, denied." This appeal is based on the denial of this motion.
DISCUSSION
I. WAS IT ERRONEOUS FOR THE LOWER COURT TO DENY ACKER'S MOTION
FOR RE-SENTENCING IN VIEW OF HER PHYSICAL AND MENTAL HEALTH?
¶10. We review the grant or denial of motions for resentencing under an abuse of discretion standard.
Wallace v. State, 607 So. 2d 1184, 1191 (Miss. 1992). Due to the absence of a transcript of Acker's
hearing, which apparently occurred on September 1, 1999, it is impossible to determine whether there was
any abuse of discretion on the part of the trial judge when he later denied the motion. The trial court
properly considered Acker's motion on its face, and without a hearing transcript we cannot say that the trial
court reached an improper result.
¶11. Acker bases her appeal on the assertions that she did not have adequate mental capacity at the time of
her plea of guilty to fully understand the ramifications of her sentence and that she has a physical condition
which prevents her from participating in the RID program. Counsel for Acker proposes that Acker may
have slight mental retardation which affected her judgment at sentencing and when she decided to remove
herself from the RID program. No suggestion is made that her guilty plea was defective due to any lack of
mental capacity.
¶12. Acker relies on Presley v. State, 474 So. 2d 612, 620 (Miss. 1985), in the hope of showing that this
Court should remand to the circuit court so that Acker's medical and mental health history can be
considered to insure that a just and proper sentence is imposed. This Court has stated that "the trial court
must consider all the facets, background and record in a sentencing hearing in order that a just and proper
sentence may be imposed." Id. at 620. In Presley, this Court remanded to the trial court for resentencing to
allow Presley's counsel to present mitigating circumstances even though the trial judge had given the Presley
and his counsel opportunity to present mitigating evidence. Id. However, Presley must be distinguished
from the present case. There, the appellant, who had stolen a few steaks from a super market was, due to
his prior convictions, sentenced to forty years incarceration without the possibility of parole or probation as
a habitual offender. The Court, while reaffirming the principle that sentencing within statutory limits lies
within the sound discretion of the trial court, was confronted with the question of whether, under the
circumstances, the sentence was so cruel and unusual as to be violative of the Eighth Amendment to the
United States Constitution. Finding that the sentencing hearing was not adequate for the purposes of a
proportionality review and a determination of the basic constitutional question, the Court remanded Presley
for a new sentencing hearing.
¶13. Here, Acker was sentenced to ten years, with the benefit of the RID program. Likewise, there has
been no challenge to the validity of the sentence itself, and there is no indication that Acker, represented by
counsel was prevented from offering evidence, either at sentencing or on the hearing of her Motion for
Resentencing or Reduction of Sentence as to her medical condition or other extenuating circumstances.
¶14. In accordance with the Uniform Circuit and County Court Rules, a presentence investigation is at the
discretion of the trial court judge. The rule states in part:
RULE 11.02 PRESENTENCE INVESTIGATION AND REPORT
Upon acceptance of a plea of guilty, or upon a finding of guilt, and where the court has discretion as
to the sentence to be imposed, the court may direct that a presentence investigation and report be
made. The report of the presentence investigation may contain, but is not limited to, the following
information:......financial condition,...educational background,....present employment status and
capabilities,....social history,.....physical and mental examination...
U.R.C.C.C. 11.02.
¶15. Acker believes that if an investigation into the areas mentioned above had occurred, any evidence
regarding Acker's medical problems and mental limitations could have been recognized by the trial court
judge before he imposed the sentence. Under Rule 11.02, pre-sentencing reports lie within the discretion of
the trial court, and the judge cannot here be found to have abused that discretion.
¶16. Acker also refers to Dillon v. State, 641 So. 2d 1223 (Miss. 1994), where this Court remanded a
pro se appeal to the trial court to allow it to supplement the record and clarify the issues. She points to the
lack of transcript from the hearing on the motion, and argues that the absence of explanation in the lower
court's order denying the motion, would require the Court to take a "blind guess" at material facts on which
this case turns and asks that this Court remand this cause to the lower court for resentencing.. In Dillon,
however, the appellant sought review of a post-conviction proceeding where the record did not even
indicate for what he was convicted, nor the ruling by the trial court on his original post-conviction motion.
This Court remanded in order for the trial court to augment the existing record-not, as Acker seeks, a new
hearing.
¶17. The record in this case does not demonstrate that the trial court committed any error in denying
Acker's motion to resentence. There is no hearing transcript, and therefore no basis to support Acker's
claim that the trial court erroneously denied her motion. Because of this fact, the presumption that the
judgment of the trial court was correct must prevail.
¶18. Extensive case law recognizes this presumption of correctness. In Branch v. State, 347 So. 2d 957,
958 (Miss. 1977) this Court stated that "[t]here is a presumption that the judgment of the trial court is
correct and the burden is on the Appellant to demonstrate some reversible error to this Court." This Court
has stated:
Our law is clear that an appellant must present to us a record sufficient to show the occurrence of the
error he asserts and also that the matter was properly presented to the trial court and timely
preserved. Moawad v. State, 531 So. 2d 632, 635 (Miss. 1988); Williams v. State, 522 So. 2d
201, 209 (Miss. 1988).
Lambert v. State, 574 So. 2d 573, 577 (Miss. 1990).
¶19. In Peterson v. State, 518 So. 2d 632, 638 (Miss.1987), this Court reiterated:
We have stated many times that it is the duty of the appellant to present a record of trial which is
sufficient to support his assignments of error. Winters v. State, 473 So. 2d 452, 457 (Miss.1985).
Kelly v. State, 463 So. 2d 1070, 1073 (Miss. 1985). Dorrough v. State, 437 So. 2d 35, 37 (Miss.
1983).
This Court has also explained:
We have on many occasions held that we must decide each case by the facts shown in the record, not
assertions in the brief, however sincere counsel may be in those assertions. Facts asserted to exist
must and ought to be definitely proved and placed before us by a record, certified by law; otherwise,
we cannot know them.
Mason v. State, 440 So. 2d 318, 319 (Miss.1983). Accord, Wallace v. State, 607 So. 2d 1184, 1189
(Miss. 1992) (assertions in the brief without support in the record are without merit); Williams v. State,
522 So. 2d 201, 209 (Miss. 1988) ("[T]he appellant bears the burden of presenting a record which is
sufficient to undergird his assignments of error.").
¶20. Acker's inability to provide a record of the motion hearing is fatal to her claim. This Court cannot
overturn the circuit court's ruling based on the record presented. This issue is without merit.
II. IS A FUNDAMENTAL RIGHT OF THE ACKER'S BEING AFFECTED, PROPERLY
PLACING THIS ISSUE BEFORE THE COURT EVEN WITHOUT A TRANSCRIPT OF
THE HEARING ON THE MOTION FOR RESENTENCING?
¶21. Acker claims that because her fundamental rights are at stake this Court should look past the fact that
there is no hearing transcript in the record and review the issue of Acker's physical and mental health as set
forth in her brief. She identifies no specific fundamental right which was lost, and she concedes that her
appeal would have been more efficient if there was a record of the arguments and evidence from the motion
hearing. She urges in her brief that the absence of any record of the hearing is excused since her former
attorney agreed with the State that no court reporter would be required, speculating that counsel for both
sides thought that the motion would be granted. No evidence of either an agreement nor the reason for it is
offered.
¶22. This Court has consistently held that it will not address issues based on assertions in the briefs and that
it "will not consider matters which do not appear in the record and must confine itself to what actually does
appear in the record." Medina v. State, 688 So. 2d 727, 732 (Miss. 1996) (citing Robinson v. State,
662 So. 2d 1100, 1104 (Miss. 1995), and Ross v. State, 603 So. 2d 857, 861 (Miss. 1992)). Acker feels
that this procedural bar should not apply in the present case because a fundamental right is at stake. This
Court has stated, "it has been established that where fundamental rights are violated, procedural rules give
way to prevent a miscarriage of justice." Gray v. State, 549 So. 2d 1316, 1321 (Miss. 1989) (citing
House v. State, 445 So. 2d 815, 820 (Miss. 1984)).
¶23. Acker maintains that her fundamental rights outweigh the requirement to procedurally bar her from
presenting mitigating circumstances and evidence not part of the record. She asserts that she is not at fault
for there not being a transcript of the hearing, that the evidence of her physical and mental problems were
not made known to the trial court at the time of sentencing because of her mental deficiencies, and that she
was not able to mention these physical and mental problems at the motion hearing because she was not
present.
¶24. She relies on Gallion v. State, 469 So. 2d 1247, 1249 (Miss. 1985), where this Court held that "an
exception to the rule that questions not raised in the trial court cannot be raised for the first time on appeal
exists where errors at trial affect fundamental rights." (citing Brooks v. State, 46 So. 2d 97 (Miss. 1950)).
Acker also points to Willie v. State, 585 So. 2d 660, 666 (Miss. 1991) where this Court applied the
exception where an appellant did not raise an argument in his motion to suppress at the pretrial hearing or at
trial.
¶25. Acker is asking this Court to ignore well-established rules governing matters which are properly before
an appellate court without even identifying the fundamental supposedly being violated. She was sentenced
within statutory limits, was represented by counsel when the plea was entered and at the hearing on her
motion, and nothing in the record indicates that she was in any way prevented from presenting evidence.
The thoroughness with which the trial judge interrogated Acker at the time of her plea also serves as
significant evidence of her competence and the voluntary and intelligent nature of her plea and goes against
Acker's assertion that she was less than mentally sound. It should be noted once again that Acker has not
challenged the voluntariness of her guilty plea nor made a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel.
¶26. This issue is also, without merit.
CONCLUSION
¶27. Acker, having found that, after entering her guilty plea and receiving a sentence with benefit of the RID
program, she was either not willing or able to conform to the requirements of the program, voluntarily
removed herself from the program. She sought re-sentencing in the trial court asserting in only general terms
that she was not capable of understanding the full import of her sentence, and she was given the
opportunity, with the assistance of her attorney, to offer evidence supporting her position. She either chose
not to or failed to preserve that evidence for review. Now, she asks this Court to reverse the trial court's
denial of her motion for resentencing, relying only on assertions in her brief. This the Court cannot do, and
the judgment of the trial court is affirmed.
¶28. CONVICTION OF UTTERING A FORGERY AND SENTENCE OF TEN (10) YEARS IN
THE CUSTODY OF THE MISSISSIPPI DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS, WITH
CONDITIONS, AND PAYMENT OF COURT COSTS IN THE AMOUNT OF $348.00,
RESTITUTION IN THE AMOUNT OF $2,558.05, $350.00 TO ITAWAMBA COUNTY FOR
ATTORNEY FEES AND ALL OTHER COSTS AFFIRMED.
BANKS, P.J., SMITH, MILLS, WALLER, COBB, DIAZ AND EASLEY, JJ., CONCUR.
McRAE, P.J., CONCURS IN RESULT ONLY.
1. The State questions whether Acker has the authority to appeal her sentence because she entered a plea
of guilty at trial. This Court has stated that a defendant who pleads guilty can appeal from the sentence
imposed. Trotter v. State, 554 So. 2d 313 (Miss. 1989); see also Campbell v. State, 743 So. 2d 1050
(Miss. Ct. App. 1999). This Court has proper jurisdiction to consider this appeal. Therefore, the motion to
dismiss is denied.