Franklin Ray Odom v. Mississippi Department of Corrections

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI
NO. 2015-CP-01058-COA
FRANKLIN RAY ODOM A/K/A FRANK ODOM APPELLANT
A/K/A FRANKLIN ODOM
v.
MISSISSIPPI DEPARTMENT OF APPELLEE
CORRECTIONS
DATE OF JUDGMENT: 07/01/2015
TRIAL JUDGE: HON. WILLIAM E. CHAPMAN III
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED: RANKIN COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: FRANKLIN RAY ODOM (PRO SE)
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE: OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
BY: ANTHONY LOUIS SCHMIDT JR.
NATURE OF THE CASE: CIVIL - OTHER
TRIAL COURT DISPOSITION: DISMISSED APPELLANT’S MOTION TO
MANDATE PAROLE ELIGIBILITY
DISPOSITION: REVERSED AND RENDERED - 09/20/2016
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:
BEFORE GRIFFIS, P.J., BARNES AND FAIR, JJ.
BARNES, J., FOR THE COURT:
¶1. On June 18, 2012, Franklin Ray Odom pleaded guilty to the sale of methamphetamine
(Count I) and methamphetamine possession (Count II) in Rankin County Circuit Court. He
was sentenced to thirty years in the custody of the Mississippi Department of Corrections
(MDOC) for Count I, and eight years for Count II, with the sentences to run concurrently,
and post-release supervision of five years after serving twenty years of his sentence for Count
I. Since Odom was currently serving twenty-two years of post-release supervision for a prior
conviction of possession of precursors with intent to manufacture, the circuit court revoked
that sentence based on his 2012 convictions. Odom was also convicted in another cause
(2011-0673) for possession of methamphetamine in Madison County in October 2012 and
sentenced to two years in the custody of the MDOC, to run consecutively with his other
sentences, and five years of probation.
¶2. Upon later learning the MDOC considered him to be ineligible for parole on all of his
sentences, except for the two-year sentence for possession of methamphetamine, Odom filed
a grievance through the MDOC’s Administrative Remedy Program (ARP) on September 15,
2014.1 The MDOC rejected Odom’s request on September 23, 2014, noting the MDOC
“does not handle Parole Board matters.” Odom was notified of the MDOC’s rejection of his
grievance on October 28, 2014. He filed no subsequent requests through the ARP.
¶3. Instead, on December 1, 2014, Odom filed a “Complaint on Parole Eligibility” with
the Rankin County Circuit Court.2 He argued that the MDOC erred in determining that he
was not parole-eligible for his sentences. The MDOC responded that Odom’s filing was
untimely and that he is ineligible for parole under Mississippi Code Annotated section 47-7-3
(Supp. 2014). Odom subsequently filed a “Motion to Mandate Parole Eligibility” on
December 23, 2014. In the motion, he abandoned his claim regarding his twenty-two-year
sentence for possession of precursors, but continued to assert the MDOC erred in finding him
1
Odom’s August 29, 2014 sentence-computation record contains the following
comment: “Turner v. [S]tate (only eligible for parole on the consecutive 2 yr. meth ps.
sentence),” likely referencing this Court’s conclusion in Turner v. State, 169 So. 3d 945
(Miss. Ct. App. 2014), that a defendant, who was convicted of the sale of cocaine, was not
eligible for parole under Mississippi Code Annotated section 47-7-3 (Rev. 2011).
2
The complaint was signed and dated by Odom on November 24, 2014.
2
ineligible for parole for sale of methamphetamine and argued he was denied due process.3
¶4. On July 1, 2015, the circuit court entered a judgment of dismissal for lack of
jurisdiction from an appeal of an MDOC administrative decision. It further reasoned that if
Odom’s complaint was a “direct action” filed with the circuit court, Odom was not eligible
for parole as his conviction was for the sale of a controlled substance, citing language in
section 47-7-3(f) that specifically excludes “the sale or manufacture of a controlled substance
under the Uniform Controlled Substances Law” from parole-eligible “non-violent crimes.”
¶5. On appeal, we conclude that Odom is eligible for parole under our recent decision in
Sinko v. State, 192 So. 3d 1069 (Miss. Ct. App. 2016), as well as subsequent legislative
amendments to section 47-7-3(f). Therefore, we reverse and render the court’s judgment.
DISCUSSION
¶6. The MDOC argues first that Odom’s appeal is untimely under Mississippi Code
Annotated section 47-5-807 (Rev. 2015), which provides: “Any offender who is aggrieved
by an adverse decision rendered pursuant to any administrative review procedure under
Sections 47-5-801 through 47-5-807 may, within thirty (30) days after receipt of the agency’s
final decision, seek judicial review of the decision.” Although the record reveals Odom did
not receive the MDOC’s rejection of his grievance until October 28, 2014, we agree that
Odom did not exhaust his administrative remedies. Rather, Odom abandoned the MDOC
administrative process and filed an original action with the circuit court on December 1,
3
It appears from Odom’s December 4, 2014 computation sheet that the MDOC later
determined that he will be eligible for parole on April 6, 2017, for his twenty-two-year
sentence.
3
2014, attacking the MDOC’s computation of his parole eligibility, not the denial of his
grievance during the ARP. In McGovern v. Mississippi Department of Corrections, 89 So.
3d 69, 71 (¶6) (Miss. Ct. App. 2011), this Court held that while “it is not improper for an
inmate to pursue a question regarding his parole eligibility date by way of the MDOC’s ARP,
. . . [he] may also challenge his parole eligibility as an original action in a circuit court.”
(Citing Lattimore v. Sparkman, 858 So. 2d 936, 938 (¶7) (Miss. Ct. App. 2003)); see also
Keys v. State, 67 So. 3d 758, 760 (¶¶7-8) (Miss. 2011) (holding a prisoner is not required to
exhaust his administrative remedies prior to filing a PCR motion and challenging his parole
eligibility).4 Therefore, we find that the circuit court had jurisdiction to consider the merits
of Odom’s claim.
¶7. Odom contends that the MDOC erred in finding his sentence for the sale of
methamphetamine was not eligible for parole. In Sinko, this Court held that under
amendments to sections 41-29-139 and 47-7-3(f), effective on July 1, 2014, parole eligibility
was extended to persons, such as Odom, who were convicted of selling or manufacturing
controlled substances. Sinko, 192 So. 3d at 1077 (¶23). Additionally, a recent change by the
Legislature to section 47-7-3(f) has confirmed that parole eligibility is extended to those
inmates incarcerated for the sale or manufacture of a controlled substance. See 2016 Miss.
Laws H.B. 107 (effective May 13, 2016). Section 47-7-3(f) now provides:
No person shall be eligible for parole who is convicted or whose suspended
sentence is revoked after June 30, 1995, except that an offender convicted of
4
Considering the MDOC’s stated reason for rejecting Odom’s complaint was that it
“does not handle Parole Board matters,” we understand Odom’s decision to file an original
action with the circuit court instead of futilely proceeding with the administrative process.
4
only nonviolent crimes after June 30, 1995, may be eligible for parole if the
offender meets the requirements in subsection (1) and this paragraph. In
addition to other requirements, if an offender is convicted of a drug or driving
under the influence felony, the offender must complete a drug and alcohol
rehabilitation program prior to parole or the offender may be required to
complete a post-release drug and alcohol program as a condition of parole.
For purposes of this paragraph, “nonviolent crime” means a felony other than
homicide, robbery, manslaughter, sex crimes, arson, burglary of an occupied
dwelling, aggravated assault, kidnapping, felonious abuse of vulnerable adults,
felonies with enhanced penalties, the sale or manufacture of a controlled
substance under the Uniform Controlled Substances Law, felony child abuse,
or exploitation or any crime under Section 97-5-33 or Section 97-5-39(2) or
97-5-39(1)(b), 97-5-39(1)(c) or a violation of Section 63-11-30(5). In
addition, an offender incarcerated for committing the crime of possession of
a controlled substance under the Uniform Controlled Substances Law after
July 1, 1995, shall be eligible for parole. An offender incarcerated for
committing the crime of sale or manufacture of a controlled substance shall
be eligible for parole after serving one-fourth ( ¼ ) of the sentence imposed by
the trial court. This paragraph (f) shall not apply to persons convicted on or
after July 1, 2014[.]
(Emphasis added). Based on our decision in Sinko, and this recent revision to section 47-7-
3(f), Odom’s conviction for the sale of methamphetamine is parole-eligible.
¶8. While both our Sinko decision and the 2016 revision to section 47-7-3(f) have
occurred since the trial court’s order, an appellate court must generally “apply the law in
effect at the time it renders its decision.” Thorpe v. Hous. Auth. of City of Durham, 393 U.S.
268, 281 (1969); see also Bradley v. Sch. Bd. of City of Richmond, 416 U.S. 696, 711 (1974)
(noting “a court is to apply the law in effect at the time it renders its decision, unless doing
so would result in manifest injustice or there is statutory direction or legislative history to the
contrary”). The Supreme Court of Louisiana in Segura v. Frank, 630 So. 2d 714, 725-27
(La. 1994), reasoned:
[A]n appellate court is bound to adjudge a case before it in accordance with the
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law existing at the time of its decision. Where the law has changed during the
pendency of a suit and retroactive application of the new law is permissible,
the new law applies on appeal even though it requires reversal of a trial court
judgment which was correct under the law in effect at the time it was rendered.
....
[A] claim is pending as long as it is subject to judicial scrutiny. Even though
a lower court has adjudicated a claim and rendered judgment, the claim
continues to be pending until appeal of that judgment has been exhausted. . .
. In other words, a claim “pending appeal,” as that phrase is commonly
understood in a legal context, is a pending claim.
(Citations and emphasis omitted).
¶9. Accordingly, we reverse and render the judgment.
¶10. THE JUDGMENT OF THE CIRCUIT COURT OF RANKIN COUNTY IS
REVERSED AND RENDERED. ALL COSTS OF THIS APPEAL ARE ASSESSED
TO THE APPELLEE.
LEE, C.J., IRVING AND GRIFFIS, P.JJ., ISHEE, CARLTON, FAIR, JAMES,
WILSON AND GREENLEE, JJ., CONCUR.
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