Dexter Moore v. State of Mississippi

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI
NO. 2015-CP-01301-COA
DEXTER MOORE APPELLANT
v.
STATE OF MISSISSIPPI APPELLEE
DATE OF JUDGMENT: 08/07/2015
TRIAL JUDGE: HON. JAMES T. KITCHENS JR.
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED: OKTIBBEHA COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: DEXTER MOORE (PRO SE)
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE: OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
BY: BARBARA WAKELAND BYRD
JASON L. DAVIS
NATURE OF THE CASE: CIVIL - POSTCONVICTION RELIEF
TRIAL COURT DISPOSITION: POSTCONVICTION-RELIEF PETITION
DISMISSED
DISPOSITION: AFFIRMED - 12/06/2016
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:
BEFORE LEE, C.J., JAMES AND GREENLEE, JJ.
JAMES, J., FOR THE COURT:
¶1. This appeal arises from Dexter Moore’s postconviction-relief (PCR) petition in the
Circuit Court of Oktibbeha County, Mississippi. The circuit court dismissed Moore’s PCR
petition from his 2010 conviction as procedurally barred. Finding no error, we affirm.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
¶2. In 2010, an Oktibbeha County grand jury indicted Moore for two counts of selling a
controlled substance within 1,500 feet of a park (Counts I and II). The grand jury also
indicted Moore for one count of possession of a controlled substance (Count III). As part of
the plea agreement, the State agreed to only prosecute Counts I and III. Further, in exchange
for Moore pleading guilty, the State recommended a thirty-year sentence, with twenty-nine
years suspended, for Count I and sixteen years as a habitual offender for Count III.
¶3. At Moore’s plea hearing, on May 4, 2010, the State moved to amend Moore’s
indictment to charge him as a habitual offender, reflecting his plea agreement. Moore did
not object to the amendment of his indictment. The circuit court sentenced Moore according
to the State’s recommendations.
¶4. On June 2, 2015, over three years after his sentence, Moore filed a PCR petition with
the circuit court. Moore raised multiple issues in his petition. Among these, Moore argued
that his sentence was illegal and that his claim could not be procedurally barred. In support
of this argument, Moore cited Gowdy v. State, 56 So. 3d 540 (Miss. 2010), as an intervening
decision that excepted his petition from the normal procedural bars. He claimed that the
circuit court erred by allowing his indictment to be amended.
¶5. The circuit court denied Moore’s petition, finding that it was procedurally barred.
Moore now appeals the same issues to this Court. Since Moore’s petition is procedurally
barred, we will only address Moore’s claim that the Gowdy rule excepts his petition from the
procedural bar.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
¶6. We will only reverse the dismissal or denial of a PCR petition where the circuit
court’s decision is clearly erroneous, but we review questions of law under a de novo
standard. Crosby v. State, 16 So. 3d 74, 77 (¶5) (Miss. Ct. App. 2009).
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DISCUSSION
¶7. The circuit court properly denied Moore’s PCR petition. Mississippi Code Annotated
section 99-39-5 (Rev. 2015) provides that a PCR petition “shall be made[,] . . . in case of a
guilty plea, within three (3) years after entry of the judgment of conviction.” This section
excepts a petitioner from the time-bar where his petition raises “an intervening decision of
the Supreme Court of either the State of Mississippi or the United States which would have
actually adversely affected the outcome of his conviction or sentence.” Id. § 99-39-5(2)(a)(i).
¶8. Here, Moore argues that the Mississippi Supreme Court issued a ruling that made his
sentence illegal after his conviction. Under Gowdy, it is improper for the State to amend an
indictment to charge a defendant as a habitual offender after the defendant’s conviction by
a jury. Gowdy v. State, 56 So. 3d 540, 546 (¶22) (Miss. 2010). The rule in Gowdy, though,
does not apply retroactively. Carr v. State, 178 So. 3d 320, 323 (¶14) (Miss. 2015) (“Gowdy
announced a new rule of law that does not apply retroactively.”).
¶9. Because Moore’s PCR petition was filed on June 2, 2015—five years after his May
4, 2010 sentencing, his petition is time-barred. Moore’s argument that Gowdy excepts his
petition from the time-bar, as an intervening decision, is not persuasive because Carr held
that Gowdy does not apply retroactively. Gowdy was issued on December 16, 2010, seven
months after Moore’s sentencing became final in May 2010. In light of these facts, Moore’s
petition is procedurally barred.
¶10. Also, we note that Moore—if he were not procedurally barred—would not be entitled
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to any relief under Gowdy.1 At the hearing, Moore not only did not object to the amendment
of his indictment, he asked for it. The record reflects that Moore pled guilty pursuant to a
plea agreement, that amending the indictment to charge him as a habitual offender on one of
the counts was part of the deal, and that Moore received substantial leniency in exchange.
During the thorough and detailed colloquy following Moore’s acquiescence to the
amendment, he was questioned as to his understanding of the effect of habitual-offender
status. Moore then explicitly pled guilty as a habitual offender:
Q. How do you plead in count three, possession of cocaine, more than a
tenth of a gram, as an enhanced offender and as a[] habitual offender?
A. Guilty
(Emphasis added). Moore’s plea was found to be “freely, voluntarily, knowingly and
intelligently entered,” and he was adjudicated guilty and sentenced in accord with the plea-
bargain agreement. “[A] knowing and voluntary guilty plea waives an indictment’s failure
to include habitual offender status.” Joiner v. State, 61 So. 3d 156, 159-60 (¶10) (Miss.
2011). Moore’s postconviction claim of unfair surprise is not only procedurally barred, it is
without merit as well.
1
We note that Gowdy’s mandate “that the defendant must be afforded a fair
opportunity to present a defense and not [be] unfairly surprised” could apply to a plea-
bargain agreement. Gowdy discusses plea bargains in its reasoning:
Finally, notice of the charge includes notice of the applicable minimum and
maximum penalties. Under Rule 8.04(A)(4)(b), before a defendant can plead
guilty, the trial court has a duty to ensure that he “understands the nature and
consequences of the plea, and the maximum and minimum penalties provided
by law.”
Gowdy, 56 So. 3d at 546 (¶21) (citing URCCC 8.04(A)(4)(b)).
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CONCLUSION
¶11. Because Moore filed his petition more than three years after entry of his judgment and
Gowdy does not apply retroactively, we affirm the dismissal of Moore’s PCR petition.
¶12. THE JUDGMENT OF THE CIRCUIT COURT OF OKTIBBEHA COUNTY
DISMISSING THE PETITION FOR POSTCONVICTION RELIEF IS AFFIRMED.
ALL COSTS OF THIS APPEAL ARE ASSESSED TO OKTIBBEHA COUNTY.
LEE, C.J., GRIFFIS, P.J., BARNES, ISHEE, CARLTON, FAIR, WILSON AND
GREENLEE, JJ., CONCUR. IRVING, P.J., CONCURS IN RESULT ONLY
WITHOUT SEPARATE WRITTEN OPINION.
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