Marco S. Raine v. State of Mississippi

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI
NO. 2013-CP-01600-COA
MARCO S. RAINE A/K/A MARCO SHAUNTA APPELLANT
RAINE A/K/A MARCO SHUANTA RAINE A/K/A
MARCO RAINE A/K/A MARCO S. RAINE, JR.
v.
STATE OF MISSISSIPPI APPELLEE
DATE OF JUDGMENT: 08/23/2013
TRIAL JUDGE: HON. WILLIAM E. CHAPMAN III
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED: RANKIN COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: MARCO S. RAINE (PRO SE)
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE: OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
BY: JEFFREY A. KLINGFUSS
NATURE OF THE CASE: CIVIL - OTHER
TRIAL COURT DISPOSITION: MOTION FOR POST-CONVICTION RELIEF
SUMMARILY DISMISSED
DISPOSITION: AFFIRMED - 10/14/2014
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:
BEFORE GRIFFIS, P.J., ROBERTS, MAXWELL AND FAIR, JJ.
ROBERTS, J., FOR THE COURT:
¶1. Before the Rankin County Circuit Court, Marco Raine pled guilty to one count of
uttering a forgery. On July 1, 2013, Raine filed a motion he labeled as a “writ of habeas
corpus, in the alternative, [a] motion to vacate sentence [and] conviction and to set aside
guilty plea [and] dismiss charges due to lack of subject[-]matter jurisdiction.” The circuit
court summarily dismissed Raine’s motion, and Raine filed the present appeal asking this
Court to determine whether the circuit court had subject-matter jurisdiction over his guilty
plea and whether the circuit court erred in not giving him an evidentiary hearing. Finding
no error, we affirm.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
¶2. A Rankin County grand jury indicted Raine on March 26, 2008, on one count of
uttering a forgery. The indictment charged that Raine:
[O]n or about the 20th day of September 2007, in the county aforesaid
[Rankin] and within the jurisdiction of this [circuit c]ourt, did unlawfully,
willfully, feloniously, fraudulently and falsely then and there utter and publish
as true to an agent of Priority[One] Bank, a certain forged and counterfeit
writing on paper and instrument in writing, commonly know as, called and
purporting to be a bank check . . . .
Raine pled guilty to the charge on January 4, 2010. The circuit court accepted his plea as
freely and voluntarily given and with a sufficient factual basis. It sentenced Raine to serve
ten years in the custody of the Mississippi Department of Corrections, with four years to
serve and five years of post-release supervision. Also, he was ordered to pay $1,500 in
restitution.
¶3. On July 1, 2013, Raine filed a motion he labeled as a “writ of habeas corpus, in the
alternative, [a] motion to vacate sentence [and] conviction and to set aside guilty plea [and]
dismiss charges due to lack of subject[-]matter jurisdiction.” In it he alleged that because he
actually passed the fraudulent check in Hattiesburg, the Rankin County Circuit Court did not
have subject-matter jurisdiction to accept his guilty plea. He attached a letter from
PriorityOne Bank that stated the transaction did occur at the Hattiesburg branch of
PriorityOne Bank. The circuit court, after reviewing Raine’s guilty-plea transcript and the
contents of Raine’s criminal file in the case, summarily dismissed Raine’s motion. Raine
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appeals and raises two issues:
I. Whether . . . the [circuit] court had subject[-]matter jurisdiction due to
improper venue[.]
II. Whether . . . the [circuit] court erred in dismissing [Raine’s motion for
post-conviction relief (PCR)], without an evidentiary hearing, to
determine if venue in the criminal proceeding was properly before the
[circuit] court[.]
ANALYSIS
¶4. While Raine’s motion is titled a writ of habeas corpus, the Mississippi Uniform Post-
Conviction Collateral Relief Act (UPCCRA) “abolishes the common law writs relating to
post-conviction collateral relief, including . . . post-conviction habeas corpus[.]” Miss. Code
Ann. § 99-39-3(1) (Supp. 2014). Therefore, Raine’s motion is governed by the UPCCRA
and reviewed as a PCR motion. The standard of review for the summary dismissal of a PCR
motion is the clearly-erroneous standard for a circuit court’s factual findings and de novo for
the circuit court’s legal conclusions. Purnell v. State, 126 So. 3d 949, 951 (¶4) (Miss. Ct.
App. 2013) (citing Hughes v. State, 106 So. 3d 836, 838 (¶4) (Miss. Ct. App. 2012)).
¶5. At the outset, we note that Raine is procedurally barred from filing his PCR motion
because it was filed more than three years after the judgment of conviction was entered for
his guilty plea. See Miss. Code Ann. § 99-39-5(2) (Supp. 2014). His judgment of conviction
was filed on January 12, 2010; however, Raine did not filed his PCR motion until July 1,
2013, which is more than three years after his judgment of conviction was filed. One of the
nine grounds justifying relief under the UPCCRA is “[t]hat the trial court was without
jurisdiction to impose [the] sentence.” See Miss. Code Ann. § 99-39-5(1)(b) (Supp. 2014).
Had Raine timely filed his motion within the three-year window, he could have raised this
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very issue. He did not. Additionally, Raine’s claims do not fall within any of the exceptions
to the time-bar as outlined in Mississippi Code Annotated section 99-39-5(2)(a)-(b).
¶6. Procedural bar notwithstanding, we will address Raine’s claim that the circuit court
lacked subject-matter jurisdiction. “[A] circuit court obtains ‘subject[-]matter jurisdiction
over the subject of a particular offense’ when ‘an indictment charging the essential elements
of a crime is served on a defendant.’” Chapell v. State, 107 So. 3d 1003, 1006 (¶9) (Miss.
Ct. App. 2012) (quoting Neal v. State, 936 So. 2d 463, 466 (¶7) (Miss. Ct. App. 2006)). And
“[t]rial courts are permitted to rely upon an appellant's sworn testimony from a plea
hearing[,] which contradicts assertions made in the PCR motion.” Conner v. State, 80 So.
3d 876, 878 (¶6) (Miss. Ct. App. 2012) (citing Tolliver v. State, 802 So. 2d 125, 127-28 (¶11)
(Miss. Ct. App. 2001)).
¶7. Raine was served a one-count indictment by the Rankin County Circuit Court for
uttering a forgery in Rankin County, Mississippi; thereby securing the circuit court’s
jurisdiction over the case. At his plea hearing, the circuit court read that the State would
have to prove the crime of uttering a forgery was committed in Rankin County, Mississippi.
Raine agreed that he understood the elements of the crime as outlined and that he did commit
the crime. During his guilty-plea hearing, Raine never asserted that the crime did not
actually occur in Rankin County. As such, we rely on his sworn statement at his plea hearing
that he did commit the crime in Rankin County.
¶8. More specifically, the circuit court informed Raine:
[T]he State would have to prove this crime was committed in Rankin County,
Mississippi, on or about September 20, 2007, that [Raine] did willfully,
unlawful[ly], feloniously, fraudulently[,] and falsely . . . utter and publish as
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true to Priority[One] Bank[,] a certain forged and counterfeit . . . instrument in
writing, commonly known . . . to be a bank check, at a time when you knew
that the instrument . . . was false, forged[,] and counterfeit[,] and you had the
willful and felonious intent to injure and defraud Priority[One] Bank and J.
Greer Investment Financial Services.
When asked if he understood the elements of the offense, Raine answered: “Yes, Sir.” When
asked if he committed the offense as outlined above, Raine answered, under oath: “Yes, Sir.”
Yet, in his sworn PCR motion filed in the circuit court, Raine now swears that the circuit
court “lacked subject[-]matter jurisdiction . . . to adjudicate him guilty and sentence him in
this criminal matter, as the offense actually occurred in Hattiesburg (Lamar County),
[Mississippi], which is not within the . . . jurisdiction of [the] Rankin County Circuit Court.”
(Emphasis added). To his PCR motion, Raine attached an unsworn letter dated May 6, 2013,
and purportedly signed by a PriorityOne Bank employee. The letter indicates that a deposit
of $3,917.20 was made on September 21, 2007, using a fraudulent check at the Hattiesburg
branch of PriorityOne. Yet the record contains a sworn affidavit from Christopher
McCarver, branch manager of PriorityOne Bank, stating that on September 20, 2007, in
Richland, Mississippi, which is located in Rankin County, Mississippi, that Raine “did
willfully and unlawfully and feloniously with intent to cheat and defraud Priority[One] Bank,
desingedly [sic] and falsely with knowledge of such falseness[,] open two checking accounts
and a certificate of deposit with a fraudulent check and obtain from Priority[One] Bank the
sum of $1,500.” In a PCR motion, Raine bears the burden to prove by a preponderance of
the evidence that he is entitled to relief. When a PCR movant swears before the circuit court
to the truth of one material fact during his plea colloquy, yet swears to the opposite fact as
truth in his PCR motion, he simply is not entitled to an evidentiary hearing. See Conner, 80
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So. 3d at 878 (¶9). Moreover, he may be inviting an unintended charge of perjury.
¶9. In regard to the second issue raised about whether Raine was entitled to an evidentiary
hearing, we note that Mississippi Code Annotated section 99-39-11(2) (Supp. 2014) provides
that “[i]f it plainly appears from the face of the motion . . . that the movant is not entitled to
any relief, the judge may make an order for its dismissal . . . .” The circuit court reviewed
Raine’s motion, his guilty-plea transcript, and his underlying criminal file, and found that
Raine was not entitled to an evidentiary hearing. We find no error.
¶10. THE JUDGMENT OF THE CIRCUIT COURT OF RANKIN COUNTY IS
AFFIRMED. ALL COSTS OF THIS APPEAL ARE ASSESSED TO RANKIN
COUNTY.
LEE, C.J., IRVING AND GRIFFIS, P.JJ., ISHEE, CARLTON, MAXWELL,
FAIR AND JAMES, JJ., CONCUR. BARNES, J., CONCURS IN PART AND IN THE
RESULT WITHOUT SEPARATE WRITTEN OPINION.
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