Henry R. Monroe v. State of Mississippi

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI
NO. 2015-CA-01040-COA
HENRY R. MONROE A/K/A HENRY MONROE APPELLANT
v.
STATE OF MISSISSIPPI APPELLEE
DATE OF JUDGMENT: 06/24/2015
TRIAL JUDGE: HON. WILLIAM E. CHAPMAN III
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED: MADISON COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT: WILLIAM SCOTT MULLENNIX
PERCY STANFIELD
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE: OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
BY: LADONNA C. HOLLAND
NATURE OF THE CASE: CIVIL - POSTCONVICTION RELIEF
TRIAL COURT DISPOSITION: DISMISSED MOTION FOR
POSTCONVICTION RELIEF
DISPOSITION: AFFIRMED - 10/25/2016
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:
BEFORE ISHEE, P.J., CARLTON AND JAMES, JJ.
ISHEE, P.J., FOR THE COURT:
¶1. Henry R. Monroe appeals the dismissal of his motion for postconviction relief (PCR).
On appeal, Monroe raises one issue: his sentence should be reduced or his probation
modified under the trusty-time-allowance provision of Mississippi Code Annotated section
47-5-138.1 (Rev. 2015). Because Monroe raises this issue for the first time on appeal and
presents no fundamental-rights exception, it is procedurally barred. Therefore, we affirm the
trial court’s dismissal of Monroe’s PCR motion.
FACTS
¶2. On May 21, 2013, Monroe pleaded guilty in the Madison County Circuit Court as a
subsequent drug offender to manufacturing more than one kilogram of marijuana. He was
sentenced to twenty years in the custody of the Mississippi Department of Corrections
(MDOC), with six years to serve and five years of supervised postrelease supervision (PRS).
In exchange for his plea, the State agreed to nolle pros two other counts against him, one for
possession of marijuana and one for child endangerment.
¶3. On June 9, 2015, Monroe, through counsel, filed a PCR motion. He raised one issue:
ineffective assistance of counsel. He argued that “his trial counsel . . . failed to introduce
evidence that would have mitigated the sentence he received from his plea of guilty.”
Specifically, Monroe asserted that his counsel should have informed the trial court that he
“suffers greatly from macular degeneration,” and the reason he was growing marijuana was
to treat his disease.
¶4. After reviewing Monroe’s guilty-plea and sentencing-hearing transcript, as well as the
underlying criminal file, the trial court summarily dismissed his PCR motion on June 24,
2015. Monroe now appeals, arguing that he is entitled to a reduced sentence or modified
probation under section 47-5-138.1.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
¶5. “We review the dismissal or denial of a PCR motion for abuse of discretion. We will
only reverse if the trial court’s decision is clearly erroneous.” Hughes v. State, 106 So. 3d
836, 838 (¶4) (Miss. Ct. App. 2012). Questions of law are reviewed de novo. Id. A PCR
motion may be summarily dismissed “[i]f it plainly appears from the face of the motion, any
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annexed exhibits and the prior proceedings in the case that the movant is not entitled to any
relief[.]” Miss. Code Ann. § 99-39-11(2) (Rev. 2015).
DISCUSSION
¶6. For the first time on appeal, Monroe argues his sentence should be reduced or his
probation modified based on amendments to section 47-5-138.1 made in 2014 through the
passage of House Bill 585. Monroe abandons the sole issue raised in his PCR motion—that
his counsel was ineffective.
¶7. Generally, the “failure to raise an issue in the circuit court operates as a waiver and
renders that issue procedurally barred on appeal.” Bass v. State, 174 So. 3d 883, 885 (¶6)
(Miss. Ct. App. 2015) (citing Miss. Code Ann. § 99-39-21(1) (Rev. 2007)). However,
“[e]rrors affecting fundamental rights are exceptions to the rule that questions not raised in
the trial court cannot be raised for the first time on appeal.” Rowland v. State, 42 So. 3d 503,
507 (¶10) (Miss. 2010) (quoting Smith v. State, 477 So. 2d 191, 195 (Miss. 1985)).
¶8. Monroe has not raised any errors affecting his fundamental rights. Monroe argues that
after his sentence was imposed, section 47-5-138.1 was amended under House Bill 585 to
provide for a possible sentence reduction to which he is entitled. No such amendment was
made to section 47-5-138.1 by House Bill 585. Section 47-5-138.1(1) reads as follows:
In addition to any other administrative reduction of sentence, an offender in
trusty status as defined by the classification board of the Department of
Corrections may be awarded a trusty-time allowance of thirty (30) days’
reduction of sentence for each thirty (30) days of participation during any
calendar month in an approved program while in trusty status, including
satisfactory participation in education or instructional programs, satisfactory
participation in work projects and satisfactory participation in any special
incentive program.
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¶9. The only change made to section 47-5-138.1 under House Bill 585, which became
effective July 1, 2014, was to strike section 47-5-138.1(2)(e). Subsection (2)(e) precluded
a sentence reduction if the offender was convicted of possession with intent to deliver or sell
a controlled substance. Monroe was convicted of manufacturing marijuana, not the
possession or sale of marijuana, so this change has no bearing on Monroe’s argument.
Section 47-5-138.1, as applicable to Monroe’s conviction, was in effect at the time Monroe
was sentenced and has not changed.
¶10. Under section 47-5-138.1(1), Monroe was eligible for the thirty-for-thirty sentence
reduction while he was incarcerated, so long as he satisfactorily participated in an approved
program while on trusty status. Monroe has not presented documentation from the MDOC
regarding his sentence or earned time. However, he states he is no longer incarcerated. On
May 21, 2013, the trial court sentenced Monroe to six years, with credit for time served.
According to Monroe’s appellant’s brief, he was released from confinement in May 2015.
Monroe asserts that upon his release, he began serving his term of PRS. The State asserts
that at the time it filed its appellee’s brief on February 8, 2016, the MDOC’s website reported
that Monroe was on earned-release supervision. (Citing https://www.ms.gov/mdoc/inmate/
Search/GetDetails/183930). As of the date of this opinion, the MDOC’s website shows no
record of Monroe being in custody. Thus, despite Monroe’s argument that he is entitled to
a sentence reduction, there is no evidence that Monroe was not given the sentence reduction
under the trusty-time allowance provided by section 47-5-138.1(1) while incarcerated.
¶11. Regardless, Monroe now argues that because he is no longer incarcerated, section 47-
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5-138.1 should be retroactively applied to reduce his postrelease sentence (which Monroe
seemingly and incorrectly refers to interchangeably as PRS, parole, or probation) from five
years to two and a half years. Because section 47-5-138.1 only applies to time earned during
incarceration as a trusty, and not to PRS reductions, there is no basis for Monroe’s argument
under section 47-5-138.1.1
¶12. Finally, Monroe argues his “probation” should be modified from supervised to
unsupervised. Monroe’s sentence did not include supervised probation. Rather, the trial
court ordered five years of supervised PRS. See Miss. Code Ann. § 47-7-34 (Rev. 2015).
“Sentencing is within the complete discretion of the trial court and not subject to appellate
review if it is within the limits prescribed by statute.” Hoops v. State, 681 So. 2d 521, 537
(Miss. 1996). Thus, it is within the trial court’s discretion to order supervised or
unsupervised PRS. “‘[U]nsupervised’ merely means that the court would be monitoring [the
defendant] during his term of ‘unsupervised’ [PRS] in lieu of the Mississippi Department of
Corrections.” Johnson v. State, 925 So. 2d 86, 102 (¶30) (Miss. 2006).
¶13. To the extent Monroe is arguing that his PRS should be unsupervised, we find this
assertion without merit. Monroe does not argue the PRS imposed was illegal or erroneous.
Rather, he states he desires to be placed on “unsupervised” status so he can “travel to
different states and avail himself of medical marijuana treatments.” The sentence imposed
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Mississippi Code Annotated section 47-7-40 (Rev. 2015), enacted through House
Bill 585, gives the MDOC “the authority to award earned-discharge credits to all offenders
placed on probation, parole, or post-release supervision who are in compliance with the
terms and conditions of supervision.” (Emphasis added). However, this section is not relied
upon or cited by Monroe. Regardless, earned discharged under this section falls under the
purview of the MDOC, not this Court or the trial court.
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was within that allowed by statute. Therefore, we will not review it on appeal.
¶14. Monroe’s arguments are procedurally barred, as they are being raised for the first time
on appeal. And Monroe has failed to implicate a fundamental constitutional right to except
his arguments from the procedural bar. Therefore, Monroe’s arguments are procedurally
barred and, alternatively, without merit. The trial court’s dismissal of his PCR motion is
affirmed.
¶15. THE JUDGMENT OF THE MADISON COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
DISMISSING THE MOTION FOR POSTCONVICTION RELIEF IS AFFIRMED.
ALL COSTS OF THIS APPEAL ARE ASSESSED TO THE APPELLANT.
LEE, C.J., GRIFFIS, P.J., BARNES, CARLTON, FAIR, JAMES, WILSON
AND GREENLEE, JJ., CONCUR. IRVING, P.J., CONCURS IN RESULT ONLY
WITHOUT SEPARATE WRITTEN OPINION.
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