In Re: Leontae C. Hill v. Jay Cassady, In his capacity as Superintendent, Jefferson City Correctional Center

IN THE MISSOURI COURT OF APPEALS
WESTERN DISTRICT
In Re: LEONTAE C. HILL, )
Petitioner, )
)
v. ) WD81483
)
JAY CASSADY, in his capacity as ) FILED: January 22, 2019
Superintendent, JEFFERSON )
CITY CORR. CENTER, )
Respondent. )
Original Proceeding on Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus
Before Writ Division: Alok Ahuja, P.J., and
Lisa White Hardwick, J. and Karen King Mitchell, C.J.
Leontae Hill filed a petition for an original writ of habeas corpus, asking this
Court to vacate his 2002 convictions and/or sentences for four counts of first-degree
assault of a law enforcement officer, and one count of armed criminal action. In his
habeas petition, Hill contended that his trial counsel was ineffective for
misinforming him that the charges of first-degree assault of a law enforcement
officer did not carry a mandatory minimum prison term prior to parole eligibility,
when the law requires that an offender serve 85% of his or her sentence prior to
becoming parole-eligible. Hill’s petition alleged that, if his counsel had correctly
advised him concerning the 85% minimum term, he would have accepted a plea
offer rather than taking his case to trial, and would have received a lesser sentence.
Hill’s habeas petition also contended that the circuit court sentenced him based on
the false understanding that first-degree assault of a law-enforcement officer was
not subject to an 85% minimum term, and that he is accordingly entitled to be
resentenced.
After the filing of Hill’s petition and a response from the State, we appointed
a special master to conduct an evidentiary hearing on the claims in Hill’s petition.
Following an evidentiary hearing, the master issued a report recommending that
Hill’s petition be denied. After consideration of supplemental briefing and
argument of the parties, we adopt the special master’s recommendation and deny
Hill’s habeas petition.
Factual Background
In the early morning of January 1, 2000, four Kansas City Police Department
officers drove to 29th Street and Prospect Avenue in Kansas City after hearing
gunshots in the area. When the officers arrived, they saw Leontae Hill and two
other men on the steps of an apartment building, where they had apparently been
attempting to shoot out streetlights. When the officers drove back through the area,
Hill fired an automatic weapon approximately thirty times at the patrol vehicle,
hitting and wounding two of the officers.
Hill was charged with four counts of assault of a law enforcement officer in
the first degree and four counts of armed criminal action. A jury found him guilty
on all counts. The jury recommended that Hill be sentenced to life imprisonment on
each of the four counts of assault of a law enforcement officer, and to fifteen years’
imprisonment on each of the four counts of armed criminal action.
The circuit court held a sentencing hearing on February 11, 2002. Prior to
the hearing, a sentencing assessment report was prepared. The report did not
discuss the fact that Hill would be required to serve 85% of any sentence for first-
degree assault of a law enforcement officer.
The State called three of the four officers who were victims of Hill’s crimes to
testify at the sentencing hearing. Each of the officers asked that Hill be given
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consecutive life sentences on the four assault counts. One of the officers testified
that, “I don’t believe that [Hill] has any place in our society. . . . I think he needs to
spend the rest of his life in jail.”
During the sentencing hearing, Hill’s counsel argued that “[w]hat [the State
is] actually asking for is life without parole. Several life sentences run
consecutively is the same thing.”
In addition to calling three of his own witnesses, Hill made a statement to the
court at the sentencing hearing. Hill stated that “[e]ach day I’m in that cell, looking
out the window, and every time that door shuts I know I’m convicted for a crime I
didn’t commit.” Hill told the court that “[i]t never leaves my mind about how I’m
convicted of a crime that I know, deep down in my heart, that I didn’t commit.” Hill
asked the court to take into account the fact that he was seventeen years old at the
time of the offenses, and twenty at the time of sentencing, and show mercy in its
sentencing decision.
Prior to announcing Hill’s sentences, the court stated, that “[t]his is probably
one of the most senseless vicious crimes that I have seen in the 25 years that I have
been on the bench.” The court emphasized that “[p]olice are here to protect us and
to keep order and to make society safe,” and that they “lay[ ] their life on the line
every time they go out in their car.” The court stated that “it’s almost impossible for
me to realize why anybody would take a weapon and put 30 shells into a police car
or any car.” The court noted that one of the officer-victims “would have died if the
bullet would have been probably one-fourth of an inch either way,” but that instead
he had suffered virtually complete loss of hearing and other serious injuries. The
court said, “Mr. Hill, it’s hard to feel sympathy or find mercy for somebody that
takes the law into their own hands and just shoots at people. You’re fortunate you
weren’t here for capital murder on four people.”
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Consistent with the jury’s recommendations, the court sentenced Hill to life
imprisonment for each count of first-degree assault of a law enforcement officer, and
to 15 years on each count of armed criminal action. The court said, “Mr. Hill, over
the years that I have been on the bench I haven’t made a lot of sentences
consecutive to each other. Counsel, in this case, the sentences will be consecutive to
each other.”
There was no mention of parole eligibility at any point during Hill’s
sentencing hearing.
We affirmed Hill’s convictions and sentences on direct appeal. State v. Hill,
No. WD61085, 114 S.W.3d 310 (Mo. App. W.D. 2003) (mem.). Hill then filed a
motion for post-conviction relief, which the circuit court denied. On appeal, we
affirmed the circuit court’s rejection of Hill’s claims that he received ineffective
assistance of counsel at trial. Hill v. State, 181 S.W.3d 611, 618–21 (Mo. App. W.D.
2006). We vacated Hill’s convictions and sentences for three of the four counts of
armed criminal action, however, on double jeopardy grounds. Id. at 615–17. Hill
raised no claim in his direct appeal or post-conviction relief proceeding that his
counsel had misinformed him concerning his eligibility for parole, or that the circuit
court had sentenced him based on a misunderstanding concerning his parole-
eligibility.
When Hill was first received by the Department of Corrections in 2002, the
Department did not apply any minimum prison term to Hill’s sentences for first-
degree assault of a law enforcement officer. At the evidentiary hearing in this
habeas proceeding, Hill introduced into evidence a Department Face Sheet prepared
in July 2015, which indicated “Percent Required: 0%” on his sentences for each
convictions for first-degree assault of a law enforcement officer. Hill testified at the
evidentiary hearing that he was given a parole hearing in January 2014, and was
scheduled for a further hearing five years later, in 2019.
4
The Department changed its position concerning Hill’s parole eligibility in
February 2016. At that time, the Department provided Hill a revised Face Sheet,
which indicated that he was required to serve a minimum prison term of 85% of his
sentence for each count of assault of a law enforcement officer in the first degree.
The Department issued the revised Face Sheet based on its determination that
first-degree assault of a law enforcement officer constituted a “dangerous felony”
within the meaning of § 556.061(8), RSMo Cum. Supp. 1999, and that Hill was
therefore required to serve 85% of his sentences on each count of first-degree
assault of a law enforcement officer by operation of § 558.019.3, RSMo Cum. Supp.
1999. The Department informed Hill that his 2019 parole review hearing had been
cancelled, and that he had instead been scheduled for a parole hearing in January
2065.
On July 25, 2016, Hill filed a petition seeking declaratory relief in the Circuit
Court of Cole County, arguing that the Department of Corrections had erroneously
determined that his assault convictions constituted “dangerous felonies,” and was
therefore erroneously requiring him to serve 85% of his sentences before being
considered for parole. While Hill’s petition was pending, this Court held in Mann v.
McSwain, 526 S.W.3d 287, 290 (Mo. App. W.D. 2017), that first-degree assault of a
law enforcement officer was a “dangerous felony” subject to an 85% minimum term
between 1994 and 2003 (when Hill committed his offenses). Following the decision
in Mann, Hill was granted leave to file an amended petition, in which he reasserted
his claim for declaratory relief, but argued in the alternative that he should be
entitled to habeas corpus relief because both his trial counsel, and the circuit court,
incorrectly understood his parole eligibility at the time of his trial and sentencing.
After briefing, the Circuit Court of Cole County granted the Department of
Corrections’ motion for judgment on the pleadings on the declaratory relief count,
and denied Hill’s alternative petition for habeas corpus relief.
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Hill appealed the circuit court’s grant of judgment on the pleadings on his
claim for declaratory relief. In an opinion issued on December 18, 2018, we
affirmed the circuit court’s judgment denying declaratory relief. Hill v. Mo. Dep’t of
Corr., No. WD81448, 2018 WL 6611875 (Mo. App. W.D. 2018). We held that, under
the Mann decision, Hill’s offenses constituted “dangerous felonies” at the time of his
offenses and convictions. We also rejected Hill’s claim that it was fundamentally
unfair to apply Mann’s holding to his case.
While he was prosecuting his appeal on the declaratory relief claim, Hill also
filed an original Petition for a Writ of Habeas Corpus in this Court.1 Hill’s habeas
petition alleged that his trial counsel was ineffective for misadvising him concerning
his eligibility for parole on the assault charges, which led Hill to forego a plea offer
made by the State. Hill also alleged that the circuit court misunderstood his parole
eligibility at the time of his sentencing. Hill’s petition alleged that he was entitled
to the vacation of his convictions and the opportunity to accept the State’s pre-trial
plea offer, or instead to the vacation of his sentences and an opportunity for
resentencing.
After receiving a response from the State, we appointed Janette K. Rodecap,
an Associate Circuit Judge in the Circuit Court of Jackson County, to serve as
special master “to conduct an evidentiary hearing to determine if [Hill] has
established grounds to excuse any procedural default, and has established grounds
to vacate his convictions and/or sentences.”2
1 Hill pursued this bifurcated procedure because “[t]here is no appeal from the
denial of a petition for a writ of habeas corpus.” Blackmon v. Mo. Bd. of Prob. & Parole, 97
S.W.3d 458, 458 (Mo. banc 2003). Instead, “[t]he dismissal of a petition for a writ of habeas
corpus can only be pursued by petitioning a superior court for such a writ, not by appeal.”
Bromwell v. Nixon, 361 S.W.3d 393, 396 (Mo. banc 2012). See also, e.g., Ferguson v.
Dormire, 413 S.W.3d 40, 50–51 (Mo. App. W.D. 2013).
2 We express our appreciation to Judge Rodecap for her exemplary service as
special master in this case.
6
At the evidentiary hearing on Hill’s petition, his trial counsel Tim Burdick
testified that, at the time of Hill’s trial, Burdick did not believe that first-degree
assault of a law enforcement officer was a “dangerous felony” subject to an 85%
minimum term. Burdick testified that he never told Hill that he was charged with
an 85% crime, or that he would have to serve a specific percentage of his sentence
before he would be parole eligible. Burdick was unsure, however, whether he ever
told Hill that he was not charged with an 85% crime, or whether he specifically told
him there was no mandatory minimum sentence. Burdick also testified that it was
his practice to inform the court at sentencing if the defendant would be required to
serve an 85% mandatory minimum. The record from the trial and sentencing
hearing indicates that no one advised the court that the assault charges were
subject to the 85% rule.
Burdick also testified that the State had extended a plea offer to dismiss two
counts of assault of a law enforcement officer in the first degree and two counts of
armed criminal action if Hill agreed to plead guilty to the other two counts of
assault of a law enforcement officer in the first degree, and the associated counts of
armed criminal action. Burdick testified that this plea offer did not include any
agreement as to sentencing, and that under the offer the parties would be free to
ask for any authorized sentence.
Burdick testified that he remembered discussing with Hill the risks and
benefits of pleading guilty versus going to trial. Burdick testified that his advice
whether to plead guilty or not would depend on the strength of the evidence.
Burdick testified that he believed at the time that Hill had a good chance of being
acquitted, because the evidence identifying Hill as the individual who shot into the
police car came from witnesses who had motives to lie.
The assistant prosecutor who handled Hill’s trial and sentencing, Michael
Hunt, testified at the evidentiary hearing that he was unsure whether he believed
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that first-degree assault of a law enforcement officer was an 85% crime at the time
of Hill’s prosecution. Hunt testified that he had reviewed his trial file, and that it
did not contain any notes as to any plea offer. He had no memory of making any
plea offer. Hunt testified that this was a very serious case in which Hill had shot at
four police officers, and that it would be very unusual for him to make a plea offer in
a case like this. Hunt testified that he would have spoken to the police officer-
victims before making any plea offer, and that he did not recall having such a
conversation in this case.
Hill also testified at the evidentiary hearing. He testified that none of his
attorneys ever told him that assault of a law enforcement officer was a dangerous
felony requiring him to serve 85% of any sentence imposed for that offense. Instead,
Hill testified that counsel informed him that he could be considered for parole after
serving approximately one-third of his sentence. Hill recalled discussing a plea
offer with counsel Burdick under which he would plead guilty to two of the counts of
assault of a law enforcement officer and the two associated armed criminal action
charges, in exchange for the State dismissing the remaining four counts. Hill
testified that Burdick never told him that, if he rejected the plea offer and went to
trial, he could effectively be sentenced to life without parole. Hill testified that, if
he had he been told that assault of a law enforcement officer in the first degree was
an 85% crime, he would have accepted the State’s plea offer and entered an open
plea to four of the charges. Hill testified that he first learned that first-degree
assault of a law enforcement officer was an 85% crime in February 2016, when he
received a revised Face Sheet from the Department of Corrections.
An affidavit from Judge Jack E. Gant, who presided at Hill’s trial and
sentencing, was admitted into evidence at the hearing. In his affidavit Judge Gant
stated that he did not recall whether he knew at the time of Hill’s sentencing that
assault of a law enforcement officer in the first degree was a “dangerous felony” and
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therefore, that Hill would be required to serve 85% of any sentence for that offense.
Judge Gant’s affidavit stated that his recollection was that, if a crime was subject to
an 85% mandatory minimum term, the Sentencing Assessment Report would have
informed him of that fact, and the attorneys would have done the same. (In this
case, there is no reference either in the Sentencing Assessment Report, or in the
transcript of the sentencing hearing, to the requirement that Hill serve 85% of his
sentence.)
On July 17, 2018, the special master issued a Report recommending that this
Court deny Hill’s habeas petition. The master found that Hill had demonstrated
“cause” which excused his failure to raise his current claims in his direct appeal and
post-conviction relief proceedings, because neither Hill nor his counsel were aware
that Hill’s sentences would be subject to an 85% minimum term until the
Department of Corrections issued him a revised Face Sheet in February 2016.
The master concluded, however, that Hill had failed to demonstrate that he
was prejudiced by his failure to raise his claims earlier. With respect to Hill’s
ineffective assistance of counsel claim, the master expressed her doubts that any
firm plea offer was extended to Hill. Even if it was, the master found that, “even if
Mr. Hill had been correctly informed by counsel that first-degree assault of a law
enforcement officer was a dangerous felony for which he would be required to serve
at least 85% of his prison time, it is implausible that Mr. Hill would have accepted a
plea offer under which he still would have risked effective life imprisonment.” In
concluding that there was no reasonable likelihood that Hill would have accepted
any plea offer, the master noted that Hill’s trial counsel believed Hill had a good
chance for acquittal, and that Hill continued to proclaim his innocence even after
being convicted by the jury.
The master’s report then discussed Hill’s claim that the circuit court
sentenced him based on a materially incorrect understanding of the law. The
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master found that “[t]here is nothing in the record to support Mr. Hill’s claim that
the judge misunderstood his parole eligibility, or that any misunderstanding caused
the judge to impose a different sentence than he otherwise would have imposed.”
The master found that,
[a]t sentencing, Judge Gant discussed valid considerations for the
sentence he imposed, including the fact that the victims were all police
officers, and that 30 shots were fired into the police car, meaning that
this could easily have been a capital murder case. . . . [T]he record
shows that Judge Gant did not rely at all on parole eligibility in
determining the appropriate sentence. Instead, he imposed the same
life sentences recommended by the jury, and ran them consecutively,
presumably to ensure that Mr. Hill spent the rest of his life in prison.
Hill filed exceptions to the special master’s report. After those exceptions
were overruled by the master, the parties filed supplemental briefs with this Court,
and we heard oral argument.
Standard of Review
In cases in which this Court appoints a master under Rule 68.03, the
Court will sustain the master's findings and conclusions “unless there
is no substantial evidence to support them, they are against the weight
of the evidence, or they erroneously declare or apply the law.” State ex
rel. Lyons v. Lombardi, 303 S.W.3d 523, 526 (Mo. banc 2010); see also
Murphy v. Carron, 536 S.W.2d 30, 32 (Mo. banc 1976). The master's
findings should receive the “weight and deference which would be
given to a court-tried case by a reviewing court” due to “the master's
unique ability to view and judge the credibility of witnesses.” State ex
rel. Woodworth v. Denney, 396 S.W.3d 330, 336–37 (Mo. banc 2013)
(internal quotations omitted). In light of this deference, “[t]his Court
should exercise the power to set aside the findings and conclusions [of
the master] on the ground that they are against the weight of the
evidence with caution and with a firm belief that the conclusions are
wrong.” Id. at 337.
State ex rel. Clemons v. Larkins, 475 S.W.3d 60, 75–76 (Mo. banc 2015).
Analysis
Hill raises two claims in his petition for writ of habeas corpus: (1) that his
trial counsel rendered ineffective assistance by misinforming him regarding his
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parole eligibility; and (2) that his sentences violated due process, because they were
based on the judge’s mistaken understanding of Hill’s parole eligibility.
Rule 91.01(b) provides that “[a]ny person restrained of his liberty within this
state may petition for a writ of habeas corpus to inquire into the cause of such
restraint.” A person is entitled to habeas relief if he or she is “restrained of his [or
her] liberty in violation of the constitution or laws of the state or federal
government.” State ex rel. Carr v. Wallace, 527 S.W.3d 55, 59 (Mo. banc 2017)
(quotations, citation, and ellipsis removed). Importantly, “[t]he petitioner bears the
burden of establishing that he or she is entitled to habeas relief.” State ex rel.
Fleming v. Mo. Bd. of Prob. & Parole, 515 S.W.3d 224, 229 (Mo. banc 2017) (citing
State ex rel. Nixon v. Jaynes, 73 S.W.3d 623, 624 (Mo. banc 2002)); see also, e.g.,
Clemons, 475 S.W.3d at 76; State ex rel. Woodworth v. Denney, 396 S.W.3d 330, 337
(Mo. banc 2013).
Hill did not raise either claim which he now asserts in his direct appeal, or in
his motion for post-conviction relief. Generally, habeas relief is not available for
claims that are “procedurally barred”—namely, claims that could have been raised
on direct appeal or post-conviction review, but were not. Clemons, 475 S.W.3d at 76
(citing Woodworth, 396 S.W.3d at 337). Missouri courts excuse claims that are
procedurally barred in three circumstances:
(1) a claim of actual innocence or (2) a jurisdictional defect or
(3)(a) that the procedural defect was caused by something external to
the defense—that is, a cause for which the defense is not responsible—
and (b) prejudice resulted from the underlying error that worked to the
petitioner's actual and substantial disadvantage [(the “cause and
prejudice” standard)].
Id. (quoting State ex rel. Zinna v. Steele, 301 S.W.3d 510, 516–17 (Mo. banc 2010)).
Hill’s habeas petition alleges that his failure to raise his present claims
earlier is excused, because those claims allege a “jurisdictional defect” in his
sentencing, and because he can demonstrate “cause” for, and “prejudice” flowing
11
from, his procedural default. The State disputes that either of Hill’s claims alleges
a “jurisdictional defect” in the sense that term is understood in the habeas caselaw.
The State also argues that Hill failed to establish either “cause” for his delayed
assertion of his claim, or resulting “prejudice.”
It is unnecessary for this Court to decide whether Hill has established a
justifiable excuse for his failure to raise his habeas claims in earlier proceedings.
Even if Hill’s procedural default is excused, he must still establish an underlying
claim that his constitutional rights were violated. The three circumstances
excusing a procedural default are merely “gateways,” which permit the
consideration of the petitioner’s underlying claims. “‘[G]ateway’ habeas claims at
best entitle a petitioner ‘to review on the merits of the [petitioner's] otherwise
defaulted constitutional claim[s].’” In re Lincoln v. Cassady, 517 S.W.3d 11, 17 (Mo.
App. W.D. 2016) (quoting State ex rel. Amrine v. Roper, 102 S.W.3d 541, 546 (Mo.
banc 2003)). “Gateway” claims “do not independently support habeas relief, but are
the condition precedent to review of claims of constitutional error that are
procedurally barred.” McKim v. Cassady, 457 S.W.3d 831, 842 n.21 (Mo. App. W.D.
2015) (citation omitted); accord Ferguson v. Dormire, 413 S.W.3d 40, 52–53 (Mo.
App. W.D. 2013) (citation omitted).
Here, even if his procedural default was excused, the master’s factual
findings establish that Hill failed to prove either of his underlying habeas claims.
We therefore proceed directly to an analysis of Hill’s underlying claims, based on
the assumption that he could establish an excuse for his procedural default. See
Lincoln, 517 S.W.3d at 20.
I.
Hill’s first claim asserts that his counsel misinformed him that he would not
be subject to a mandatory minimum prison term on any sentence for first-degree
assault of a law-enforcement. Hill’s petition alleged that, if counsel had properly
12
advised him that he would be required to serve 85% of any sentence, he “would have
accepted the State’s plea offer and would be serving lesser overall sentences.”
The special master’s report expresses doubt that the State extended any pre-
trial plea offer to Hill. The report also notes that Hill’s counsel was unable to
specifically recall whether he informed Hill that he faced no mandatory minimum
term of imprisonment. The master did not expressly find, however, that Hill had
failed to prove that a plea offer had been made, or that he had failed to prove that
his counsel provided incorrect advice concerning his parole eligibility. What the
master did find was that Hill had failed to prove that he would have accepted a plea
offer if he had known that first-degree assault of a law enforcement officer was a
“dangerous felony” subject to the 85% rule. The master’s report explains:
Mr. Hill argues that if he knew he was facing the possibility of life
without parole, he would not have risked going to trial, but instead
would have pled guilty to the State’s offer in the hope that the judge
would grant him leniency at sentencing. However, the Court finds that
even if Mr. Hill had been correctly informed by counsel that first-
degree assault of a law enforcement officer was a dangerous felony for
which he would be required to serve at least 85% of his prison time, it
is implausible that Mr. Hill would have accepted a plea offer under
which he still would have risked effective life imprisonment. If a firm
plea offer was extended, which the Court doubts, it would have
required Mr. Hill to plead guilty to two counts of assault of a law
enforcement officer in the first degree and two counts of armed
criminal action. The parties were free to argue for any sentence within
the range of punishment, including up to life imprisonment on each of
the assault of a law enforcement officer counts and any number of
years on the armed criminal action counts, and Judge Gant was free to
impose concurrent or consecutive sentences. Therefore, Mr. Hill risked
possible consecutive life sentences if he chose to plead guilty, which
was the same result he faced if he lost at trial. . . .
Moreover, the Court finds it particularly unlikely that Mr. Hill
would have chosen to plead guilty instead of going to trial in light of
Mr. Burdick’s testimony that his advice whether to plead guilty or not
would depend on the strength of the evidence, and he thought they had
a good shot at an acquittal. Mr. Hill knew he was guaranteed to serve
prison time if he pled guilty, whereas he could hope to walk out of jail a
free man after trial. In addition, Mr. Hill maintained his innocence
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even at his sentencing hearing, making it highly unlikely that he
would have pled guilty to crimes that he continuously denied
committing.
(Record citations omitted.)
Even if we assume that the State made a pre-trial plea offer, and that Hill’s
trial counsel provided ineffective assistance by informing Hill that he faced no
mandatory minimum prison term, Hill was still required to show that he relied on
that misinformation in choosing to reject the State’s plea offer. See Webb v. State,
334 S.W.3d 126, 131 (Mo. banc 2011) (post-conviction relief movant claiming similar
misadvice “may be entitled to relief if he proves the facts he has alleged and
establishes that he was prejudiced by relying on misinformation”); Welch v. State,
326 S.W.3d 916, 920 (Mo. App. W.D. 2010) (even assuming counsel incompetently
misadvised defendant concerning parole eligibility, affirming denial of post-
conviction relief where motion court found it “incredible” that defendant would have
proceeded to trial if properly advised); Miller v. State, 260 S.W.3d 393, 396 (Mo.
App. W.D. 2008) (similar).
Here, the master found Hill would not have pleaded guilty, even if he had
been properly advised concerning his parole eligibility. That finding is fully
supported by the record. Even accepting Hill’s evidence, the State’s pre-trial plea
offer would have allowed the State to argue for any authorized sentence. Even if
Hill had pleaded guilty to only two counts of first-degree assault of a law
enforcement officer, and two counts of armed criminal action, he would have faced
the prospect of receiving multiple sentences of life imprisonment, and of the
sentences running consecutively.3 Pleading guilty to such serious offenses,
3 At the time of Hill’s crimes, first-degree assault of a law enforcement officer
was a class A felony, § 565.081.2, RSMo 1994, which was subject to punishment by
imprisonment for “not less than ten years and not to exceed thirty years, or life
imprisonment.” § 558.011, RSMo 1994. Armed criminal action was an unclassified felony
which could carry any sentence of three years or more. § 571.015, RSMo 1994.
14
pursuant to an “open” plea offer, would have offered Hill relatively few benefits. In
addition, his counsel believed that Hill faced a good chance of acquittal, and Hill
proclaimed his innocence even at his sentencing hearing. The assessment by Hill
and his counsel of his risk of conviction likewise makes it unlikely that parole
eligibility would have “tipped the balance” and persuaded Hill to accept a plea offer.
Based on the special master’s factual findings, we deny relief on Hill’s first
habeas claim.
II.
Hill’s second habeas claim contends that his sentences violated due process,
because Judge Gant sentenced him based on the mistaken belief that first-degree
assault of a law enforcement officer was not an 85% crime.
“‘A sentence passed on the basis of a materially false foundation lacks due
process of law and entitles the defendant to a reconsideration of the question of
punishment in the light of the true facts, regardless of the eventual outcome.’”
State v. Pierce, 548 S.W.3d 900, 904 (Mo. banc 2018) (quoting Wraggs v. State, 549
S.W.2d 881, 884 (Mo. banc 1977)); see also State v. Perry, 548 S.W.3d 292, 301 (Mo.
banc 2018).
In order to establish a due-process violation, Hill was first required to prove
that Judge Gant harbored an incorrect understanding of Hill’s parole-eligibility.
But the master’s report found that Hill had failed to satisfy his burden of proof:
“[t]here is nothing in the record to prove that Judge Gant held a mistaken belief as
to Mr. Hill’s parole eligibility.” While Hill argues that it is unrealistic, and unfair,
to expect him to prove what the sentencing judge believed, more than fifteen years
after his criminal sentencing, the law is well-established that the burden is on the
petitioner to prove his entitlement to habeas relief. The judge’s understanding of
Hill’s parole eligibility is plainly a factual issue, on which Hill bore the burden of
proof, and on which the master’s findings are entitled to deference. We also note
15
that it is not self-evident that the sentencing court would have misunderstood Hill’s
parole eligibility. In the Mann case, for example, the prosecution expressly advised
the sentencing court, at approximately the same time as Hill’s sentencing, that
first-degree assault of a law enforcement officer was subject to an 85% minimum
term. See 526 S.W.3d at 293. Without proof that Judge Gant held a contrary
understanding, Hill cannot establish that his sentences violated his due-process
rights.
Based on the master’s finding that Hill failed to prove that the sentencing
court held an incorrect belief as to his parole eligibility at the time of Hill’s
sentencing, we deny the second claim asserted in Hill’s habeas petition.
Conclusion
Hill’s petition for a writ of habeas corpus is denied.
___________________________________
Alok Ahuja, Judge
All concur.
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