DAVID G. DENNY and LINDA DENNY, )
Trustees of the David G. Denny and )
Linda J. Denny Revocable Trust )
Dated June 17, 2003, )
)
Appellants/Respondents, )
)
v. ) No. SD33782 and SD33789
) Consolidated
REGIONS BANK, )
d/b/a REGIONS MORTGAGE, )
and FEDERAL NATIONAL ) FILED: January 25, 2016
MORTGAGE ASSOCIATION, )
)
Respondents/Cross-Appellants. )
APPEAL FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF GREENE COUNTY
Honorable Mark E. Fitzsimmons, Judge
REVERSED AND REMANDED
The Dennys appeal and Respondents cross-appeal from a summary judgment
declaring their respective ownership interests in foreclosure-sold real estate (the
“Property”). Each side charges trial court error in finding that the other has any
interest in the Property. We grant Respondents’ first point, deny the Dennys’ points,
reverse the judgment, and remand for further proceedings.
Pre-litigation Timeline
In 2003, the Dennys, married owners of the Property, conveyed it into their
revocable trust.
Two years later, the Dennys as trustees 1 quitclaimed the Property to relatives,
the Richardsons, via deed (“Deed”) stating that “Grantors reserve unto themselves a
life estate in the land conveyed by this Deed.”
Two years after that, the Richardsons granted Respondent Regions Bank
(“Bank”) a deed of trust on the Property to secure a loan. The Dennys did not sign
the note or deed of trust. Bank’s title insurance commitment and lender’s title policy
noted and excepted the life estate mentioned in the Deed.
In 2012, for default on the Richardson loan, the Property was sold at a non-
judicial foreclosure sale without prior written notice to the Dennys. Bank purchased
the Property at foreclosure and deeded it to Respondent FNMA.
Trial Court Proceedings
The Dennys as trustees 2 sued to (1) quiet their title to a life estate in the
Property, and (2) invalidate Respondents’ interest in or to any part of the Property.
Respondents denied the Dennys’ claims and counterclaimed for judgment declaring,
inter alia, that Respondents’ title was superior to any interest of the Dennys.
1 Specifically, the Deed identified “DAVID G. DENNY and LINDA J. DENNY, as
Trustees of the David G. Denny and Linda J. Denny Revocable Trust, dated June 17,
2003” as “Grantor” (also sometimes “Grantors”).
2 “COME NOW Plaintiffs, David G. Denny and Linda J. Denny, Trustees of the David
G. Denny and Linda J. Denny Revocable Trust dated June 17, 2003, by and through
their attorneys …,” to quote the Dennys’ petition, which identified the Dennys the
same way in its style.
2
On cross-motions for summary judgment and as relevant to this appeal, 3 the
trial court made these findings:
• The Dennys were “acting as Trustees of their Trust” in deeding
the Property to the Richardsons “with language that expressly
included ‘Grantors reserve unto themselves a life estate in the
land conveyed by this Deed.’”
• The Dennys, by such language, intended to convey the Property
“subject to the lives of David Denny and Linda Denny personally,
husband and wife.”
• The Dennys were not provided notice of the foreclosure sale.
• That FNMA holds title “subject to the Life Estate of Plaintiffs
David and Linda Denny personally,” and again that “FNMA does
have title, but that title is subject to the Life Estate of Plaintiffs
David G. Denny and Linda J. Denny, personally.”
The court then entered summary judgment that “Defendant FNMA’s title to the
Subject Property is upheld subject to the Life Estate of David G. Denny and Linda J.
Denny, personally.”
Respondents moved to amend or correct the judgment, claiming in part there
was no basis in the record, or under the Dennys’ petition or summary judgment
motion, to declare that the Dennys hold a life estate personally. The trial court
denied that and other post-judgment motions. These cross-appeals followed.
Respondents’ Point I – Reservation of Life Estate
for the Dennys Personally
Respondents’ above-cited complaint, renewed on appeal, is well taken and
reason enough to reverse and remand without reaching Respondents’ other points.
3Disposition of claims the Dennys pleaded against parties other than Respondents is
not at issue in this appeal.
3
It is beyond cavil that the Dennys’ trustee vs. personal capacities differ legally,
and in this circumstance materially. The Dennys exhibited their understanding of
this truth at least four times. First, to put the Property into their trust in 2003, they
deeded it from themselves personally to themselves as trustees. Second, they filed
the underlying action only in their trustee capacities, not as individuals. Third, they
asserted in their own summary judgment suggestions (emphasis ours):
Clearly, the land is readily ascertainable and Grantors’ desire
equally clear that “Grantors reserve unto themselves a life estate” in
that land. Exhibit A at page 1. Again, referencing Exhibit A at page 2
thereof, the “Grantors” are David G. Denny and Linda J. Denny
executing in their capacities before a Notary “as Trustees of the
David G. Denny and Linda J. Denny Trust dated June 17, 2003.” See
Exhibit A at page 2.
Fourth, and perhaps most tellingly as to the Dennys’ understanding and intent, they
again urged in their own summary judgment suggestions (emphasis ours):
In the instant case the deed (Exhibit A) clearly evidences an intent
by the Grantors to transfer title reserving continued use and
possession in themselves as Trustees in their Trust. This
intent should and must be given effect.
For that matter, the judgment that the Dennys hold a life estate personally
lacks record support in two respects: (1) that they intended to hold such estate
personally, not as trustees; and (2) even assuming such intent, that they took
appropriate legal action to accomplish this (contrast their 2003 deed of the Property
into their trust).
The record does not support the summary judgment entered. We need not
reach Respondents’ alternative challenges to the judgment or speculate whether the
Dennys could prevail on any claim for life estate at a full-blown trial on remand.
4
The Dennys’ Points
These two points charge that the foreclosure sale was void and passed nothing
to Respondents because the Dennys as life estate holders did not (1) sign or consent
to the Richardson note or deed of trust, or (2) receive actual notice of the foreclosure
sale pursuant to RSMo § 443.325. We are skeptical about standing, 4 but both points
are easier to deny on their merits.
Per black-letter law, a life estate and remainder are independently alienable
estates. A “remainderman can sell his or her remainder interest in the property but
cannot convey the life tenant’s interest.” 28 Am. Jur. 2d Estates § 347. 5 A vested
remainder such as the Richardsons held “may pass by a deed of trust or mortgage.”
Id. A vested remainderman “may mortgage his interest during the continuance of
the preceding estate” as the Richardsons did, 31 C.J.S. Estates § 111, and even a
contingent remainder, if mortgaged, may be foreclosed upon “prior to the happening
of the contingency on which the remainder is to vest.” Id.
Both of the Dennys’ points thus fail. The Richardsons could mortgage their
estate in the Property; the Dennys’ non-involvement did not render such lien void;
and failure to notify the Dennys of that foreclosure did not void the sale as to any
Richardson interest in the Property.
4 The trial court’s determination “allowing FNMA a valid title interest, is now the
subject of Plaintiffs Denny’s Point I,” to quote their brief, which expresses similar
sentiments as to their Point II and throughout its arguments. Yet the challenged
determination affected only the Richardson remainder, an estate in which the
Dennys do not (and on this record could not) claim any interest.
5 All authorities cited herein were accessed electronically via Westlaw or Lexis.
5
Although we deny the Dennys’ points, we still must reverse and remand as to
the entire judgment since it erroneously declares that FNMA’s title is subject to a life
estate of the Dennys personally. A party seeking to quiet title in its favor must show
its good title as against the action’s other parties. Sharp v. Crawford, 313 S.W.3d
193, 199 (Mo.App. 2010). Because we reversed on the life estate issue, title to the
Property cannot be quieted or declared as between the parties until that issue is
resolved on remand.
Conclusion
We grant Respondents’ first point. It was error to find and declare that the
Dennys hold a life estate personally as husband and wife on this summary judgment
record. Given the interrelatedness of claims and issues, this error requires us to
reverse the entire judgment as to these parties and remand for further proceedings
consistent with this opinion.
DANIEL E. SCOTT, P.J. – OPINION AUTHOR
JEFFREY W. BATES, J. – CONCURS
MARY W. SHEFFIELD, C.J. – CONCURS
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