John Doe v. St. Louis County Police Department, Criminal Records Repository, St. Louis County Prosecuting Attorney's Office, Associate Court Division 35, and Lambert International Airport P.D. Transportation Security Administration

In the Missouri Court of Appeals
Eastern District
DIVISION TWO
JOHN DOE, ) No. ED104149
)
Appellant, )
) Appeal from the Circuit Court
) of St. Louis County
vs. ) Cause No. 15SL-CC02663
)
ST. LOUIS COUNTY POLICE )
DEPARTMENT, CRIMINAL RECORDS )
REPOSITORY, ST. LOUIS COUNTY )
PROSECUTING ATTORNEY’S OFFICE, ) Honorable Maura B. McShane
ASSOCIATE COURT DIVISION 35, AND )
LAMBERT INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT )
P.D. TRANSPORTATION SECURITY )
ADMINISTRATION, )
)
Respondents. ) Filed: December 13, 2016
I. Introduction
John Doe (Petitioner) appeals an order and judgment of the Circuit Court of St. Louis
County denying his petition for expungement under § 610.122 RSMo Supp. 2014.1 Petitioner
argues the court erred in finding his arrest was not based on false information. We reverse.
1
All references are to Mo. Rev. Stat. 2014 unless otherwise specified.
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II. Factual and Procedural Background
On October 3, 2014, Petitioner arrived at the Lambert-St. Louis International Airport (the
Airport) and was detained when Transportation Security Administration (TSA) agents found a
loaded, semi-automatic pistol in his carry-on luggage as he passed through a security checkpoint.
Petitioner was arrested for unlawful use of a weapon in violation of § 571.030.1(1). He was
subsequently charged in St. Louis County Circuit Court and the case was dismissed on May 18,
2015, following the prosecutor’s filing of a memorandum of nolle prosequi.
On August 5, 2015, Petitioner petitioned the court for expungement of his arrest.
Petitioner testified at the expungement hearing that TSA agents did find his gun inside his carry-
on luggage when it was screened at a security checkpoint within the Airport. Petitioner stated he
informed the police he had a valid concealed carry permit but he had removed it from his wallet
in anticipation of his vacation. He explained that he had forgotten to remove his firearm from his
backpack, which he had not checked prior to entering the screening area in order to save time.
Petitioner testified that his concealed carry permit was valid at the time of his arrest and he had
not been re-charged with any crime relating to this incident, or received a suspended imposition
of sentence for the offense. He also testified that he did not have any prior or subsequent
misdemeanor or felony convictions and that no other civil action was pending relating to his
arrest in this case. The court found there was probable cause to believe that Petitioner committed
the offense of unlawful use of a weapon at the time of the arrest and the arrest was not based on
false information. Accordingly, the court denied Petitioner’s petition for expungement.
On March 3, 2016, the court heard arguments on Petitioner’s motion for new trial.
Petitioner asserted there was no probable cause at the time of the expungement hearing to believe
Petitioner committed a crime because it was undisputed that Petitioner possessed a valid
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concealed carry permit at the time of his arrest. The court acknowledged the proper standard
under § 610.122 is not probable cause at the time of the arrest but whether there was probable
cause at the time of the action to expunge. The court did not make a finding of whether there was
probable cause for the arrest at the time of the expungement hearing. Instead, the court stated that
in its original ruling, it found the arrest was not based on false information and denied the motion
for new trial on that basis.
The court took judicial notice of § 571.030.1(1), which states: “A person commits the
offense of unlawful use of [a] weapon[], except as otherwise provided by section 571.101 to
571.121, if he or she knowingly: (1) Carries concealed upon or about his or her person a knife, a
firearm, a blackjack or any other weapon readily capable of lethal use into any area where
firearms are restricted under section 571.107.” Section 571.107 lists where a concealed carry
permit does not authorize concealed firearms. Petitioner argued that he did not commit the
offense of unlawful use of a weapon because § 571.107.2 specifically provides that it is not a
“criminal act” for a person with a valid concealed carry permit to carry a concealed firearm into
an airport in Missouri. Petitioner further argued that arresting someone and charging them with a
crime for conduct that is not criminal must involve the use of false information. However, the
court found that Petitioner did have a gun in his backpack while going through security,
concluded that the arrest was not based on false information, and denied Petitioner’s motion.
Petitioner filed a notice of appeal to this Court on March 14, 2016.
III. Standard of Review
Under Missouri law, any record of arrest may be expunged if: (1) the court determines it
was based on false information; (2) there was no probable cause at the time of the expungement
hearing to believe the individual committed the offense; (3) no charges were pursued as a result
of the arrest; (4) the arrest did not lead to a suspended imposition of sentence; (5) the petitioner
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has no prior or subsequent misdemeanor or felony convictions; and (6) no civil action is pending
relating to the arrest or records sought to be expunged. § 610.122; In re Dyer, 163 S.W.3d 915,
918 (Mo. banc 2005).
On review of a court-tried case, we affirm the judgment of the court “unless there is no
substantial evidence to support it, it is against the weight of the evidence, or it erroneously
declares or applies the law.” Doe v. Mo. State Highway Patrol Crim. Records Repository, 474
S.W.3d 171, 174 (Mo. App. E.D. 2015). “The trial court’s application of statutory requirements
is a question of law rather than fact; therefore, we review the trial court’s application of statutory
requirements de novo.” Id. However, “[w]e defer to the trial court’s determination of the
witnesses’ credibility.” Id. At the time of the expungement hearing, the petitioner bears the
burden of demonstrating by a preponderance of the evidence, his actual innocence of the crime
for which he was arrested. In re Dyer, 163 S.W.3d at 919. In the present case, the court found
Petitioner had not shown that his arrest was based on false information and denied his petition
for expungement. We find this was against the weight of the evidence and a misapplication of
the law.
IV. Discussion
In the present case the sole issue on appeal is whether the arrest was based on false
information. “To establish that his arrest was based on false information, the petitioner must
prove that some or all of the information that the police relied on to arrest him was false.” Doe,
474 S.W.3d at 176. Petitioner claims “[t]he [false] information Airport police relied upon in
arresting [him] was that it was a crime for him to conceal a firearm within Lambert International
Airport.” Petitioner contends that police must be deemed to have relied on false information if
they misunderstand the law, even when they are not mistaken about any of the underlying facts.
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First, we address whether carrying a concealed firearm into an airport by an individual
who holds a valid concealed carry permit is an unlawful use of a weapon under Missouri law. In
the present case, Petitioner was charged with committing an unlawful use of a weapon in
violation of § 571.030(1) after TSA agents found a loaded pistol in his backpack at a security
checkpoint at the Airport. Generally, under § 571.030.1(8) a person commits the offense of
unlawful use of a weapon if they knowingly carry a firearm “into any building owned or
occupied by any agency of the federal government, state government, or political subdivision
thereof.” However, § 571.030.4 provides an exception to the general rule of what constitutes an
unlawful use of a weapon, stating that § 571.030.1(8) does not apply to individuals with a valid
concealed carry permit.
Nonetheless, persons with a valid concealed carry permit are not permitted to carry a
concealed weapon into the screening area of an airport. Section 571.107.1 specifies where a
concealed carry permit does not allow a person to carry a concealed weapon. One of these
prohibited areas is “[a]ny area of an airport to which access is controlled by the inspection of
persons and property.” § 571.107.1(8). Despite this restriction, it is not a criminal act for a
person with a valid concealed carry license to carry a concealed firearm into the screening area
of an airport in Missouri. Section 571.107.2 specifically states the “[c]arrying of a concealed
firearm in a location specified in subdivisions (1) to (17) of subsection 1 of this section by any
individual who holds a concealed carry permit issued pursuant to sections 571.101 to
571.121…shall not be a criminal act[.]”4 (emphasis added). However, the statute goes on to state
a person may be subjected to removal from the premises and may be subjected to a citation not to
exceed one hundred dollars for the first offense. § 571.107.2. Subsequent offenses subject an
4
Effective date August 28, 2014.
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offender to higher fines and suspension or revocation of the holder’s concealed carry permit, but
do not make the possession of a firearm in the screening area a “criminal act.” Id. There is no
room for statutory construction when the words are unambiguous. Martinez v. State, 24 S.W.3d
10, 16 (Mo. App. E.D. 2000). In that case, we determine the intent of the legislature by giving
words and phrases in statutes their plain and ordinary meanings. Id.
In summation, it is generally an unlawful use of a weapon to carry a loaded firearm into an
airport, however the Missouri Legislature has made an exception for concealed carry permit
holders. Therefore, Petitioner is correct in stating that under Missouri law, it is not a criminal act
for a person with a valid concealed carry permit to possess a firearm in the screening area of an
airport.
Next, we turn to Petitioner’s argument that his arrest was based on false information. In
order to establish that an arrest was based upon false information, “the petitioner must prove that
some or all of the information upon which the police relied to arrest the petitioner is simply a
lie.” Martin v. State, 267 S.W.3d 808, 810 (Mo. App. E.D. 2008) (quoting In re Dyer, 163
S.W.3d 915, 918-19 (Mo. banc 2005)). In Doe v. Mo. State Highway Patrol Crim. Records
Repository, this Court analyzed whether the petitioner’s arrest for three counts of third-degree
assault was based on false information by looking at factual information presented at the
expungement hearing. 474 S.W.3d 171, 174-77 (Mo. App. E.D. 2015). We found, “[t]he false
information relied on was that [petitioner], the individual driving the car, was also the person
who shot the air gun.” Id. at 176. This Court found this was directly contradicted by the
uncontested evidence presented at the expungement hearing. Id. at 176-77. This evidence
established that “[Petitioner] was driving the car when, unbeknownst to him, his younger brother
shot the air gun…MSHP did not present evidence to establish that an officer observed Doe shoot
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the air gun, that Doe was aware of his brother’s plan to shoot the air gun, or that Doe was present
for the two prior incidents of assault.” Id. at 177. This Court affirmed the circuit court’s order
granting the petition for expungement, finding the petitioner’s arrest was based on false
information. Id. at 177. The Doe court analyzed whether the officers were mistaken about the
evidence used as a factual basis for petitioner’s arrest and misidentified the true perpetrator.
In the present case the underlying facts are uncontested and it is uncontroverted that
Petitioner had a valid concealed carry permit at the time of his arrest. This case raises the
question of whether officers rely on “false information” when they mistakenly believe that
certain conduct constitutes a criminal act, even though the facts relied upon are accurate. The
Supreme Court of Missouri has held “[t]he false information requirement and the probable cause
requirement, when combined, ‘necessarily imply and mean that a petitioner… has the burden to
affirmatively demonstrate at a hearing, by a preponderance of the evidence… his actual
innocence of the offense for which he was arrested.’” In re Dyer, 163 S.W.3d 915, 919 (Mo.
banc 2005) (quoting Martinez, 24 S.W.3d at 20) (emphasis added).
This Court in Martinez separately analyzed the probable cause and false information
requirements under § 610.122 and held:
Probable cause is a legal term of art. As used in this context, we conclude that
probable cause is intended in the broad sense of reasonable cause, of having more
evidence for than against, and of facts which would cause a reasonably intelligent
and prudent person to believe that the accused person had committed the crime
charged.
Martinez v. State, 24 S.W.3d at 20 (emphasis added) (internal citations omitted).
In the present case, we believe the court misconstrued the meaning of “false information”
under § 610.122. Martinez is instructive on this matter. 24 S.W.3d at 19. Remedial statutes, such
as expungement of arrest records under § 610.122, should be “liberally construed.” Id. (“Statutes
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relating to expungement of arrest records have been universally recognized by courts as being
remedial in nature.”). Furthermore, the Supreme Court of Missouri has stated remedial statutes
should be liberally construed to promote their beneficial purpose. Id. (citing Abrams v. Ohio Pac.
Exp., 819 S.W.2d 338, 341 (Mo. banc 1991)). When there is ambiguity in a remedial statute, we
will construe it in a manner that is consistent with the spirit of the law, “resolving all reasonable
doubts in favor of applicability of the statute to the particular case.” State ex rel. LeFevre v.
Stubbs, 642 S.W.2d 103, 107 (Mo. banc 1982).
“False information” is not defined under § 610.122. However, we believe it would be
inconsistent with the purpose of the remedial statute to prevent an individual from having their
arrest record expunged because their arrest was based on an officer’s misunderstanding of the
law. Accordingly, we believe “false information” should include situations where an officer
relies on a mistaken belief that a criminal law applies to conduct that is unquestionably not
illegal. Otherwise, an individual who has not violated our State’s laws could be saddled with an
erroneous arrest record. When Petitioner, a holder of a concealed carry permit issued pursuant to
§§ 571.101-571.121, brought his firearm to the security checkpoint of the Airport he could have
been denied entry and he could have been removed but he did not commit the offense of
unlawful use of a weapon under § 571.030.1(1). Petitioner’s actions were not a criminal act
under Missouri law. § 571.107.2. Accordingly, we find Petitioner’s arrest was based on “false
information.”
The facts in this case are uncontroverted, and the plain language of § 571.107.2 states it is
not a criminal act under this State’s law for a person with a concealed carry permit to carry a
concealed firearm into the secure inspection area of an airport. We find Petitioner’s arrest was
based on false information in the form of a mistaken belief that Petitioner’s conduct constituted a
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criminal offense under § 571.030.1(1). The court’s conclusion that Petitioner’s arrest was not
based on false information was a misapplication of the law and against the weight of the
evidence. Because we find the circuit court erred in interpreting § 610.122 when it denied
Petitioner’s expungement petition, we reverse.
V. Conclusion
The circuit court’s judgment is reversed and remanded with instructions to grant Petitioner’s
petition for expungement of his arrest record.
_______________________________
Colleen Dolan, Judge
Sherri B. Sullivan, P.J., concurs.
Roy L. Richter, J., concurs.
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