JEREMY W. ARATA, Movant-Appellant v. STATE OF MISSOURI, Respondent-Respondent.

JEREMY W. ARATA, )
)
Movant-Appellant, )
v. ) No. SD34317
) Filed: January 31, 2017
STATE OF MISSOURI, )
)
Respondent-Respondent. )
APPEAL FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF GREENE COUNTY
Honorable Calvin Holden, Circuit Judge
AFFIRMED
Jeremy Arata (Arata) appeals from the motion court’s denial, following an
evidentiary hearing, of Arata’s Rule 29.15 motion for post-conviction relief.1 In the
underlying criminal case, Arata was convicted by a jury of first-degree involuntary
manslaughter and sentenced to 12 years’ imprisonment. See § 565.024.2 Because Arata was
intoxicated when he hit and killed another motorist, he is required to serve 85% of his
1
All rule references are to Missouri Court Rules (2016). All statutory references
are to RSMo Cum. Supp. (2006). This Court has independently verified that Arata’s pro se
motion and appointed counsel’s amended motion were timely filed. See Moore v. State, 458
S.W.3d 822, 825 (Mo. banc 2015); Dorris v. State, 360 S.W.3d 260, 268 (Mo. banc 2012).
2
Arata’s conviction was affirmed on direct appeal in an unpublished opinion. State
v. Arata, No. SD31532 (Mo. App. April 11, 2013) (per curiam).
sentence before becoming eligible for parole (the 85% rule). See § 565.024.1(3)(a);
§ 565.024.2. On appeal, Arata contends his defense counsel was ineffective in failing to
inform Arata, prior to declining a seven-year plea offer from the State, that Arata would be
subject to the 85% rule. Arata argues that he was prejudiced because “if [he] had been
informed that he would have to serve 85% of any sentence imposed for involuntary
manslaughter in the first degree, [he] would not have taken his case to trial, but would have
accepted the [S]tate’s seven-year plea offer.” Finding no merit in this contention, we affirm.
Our review of the motion court’s findings of fact and conclusions of law is for clear
error. Rule 29.15(k). This Court presumes that the motion court’s findings and conclusions
are correct, and we may reverse only when left with a definite and firm impression that the
motion court has made a mistake. Zink v. State, 278 S.W.3d 170, 175 (Mo. banc 2009).
“On a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, the motion court is free to believe or
disbelieve any evidence, whether contradicted or undisputed.” Savick v. State, 461 S.W.3d
63, 66 (Mo. App. 2015). We defer to the motion court’s credibility determinations. Id.
As in all claims of ineffective assistance of counsel, the test to determine whether
counsel was ineffective throughout plea negotiations is the two-prong test stated in
Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687-94 (1984). Lafler v. Cooper, 132 S. Ct. 1376,
1384-85 (2012); Missouri v. Frye, 132 S. Ct. 1399, 1409-10 (2012); Savick, 461 S.W.3d at
66. Thus, a movant must overcome the strong presumption that counsel was competent and
demonstrate instead that: (1) counsel failed to exercise the customary skill and diligence
that a reasonably competent attorney would exercise; and (2) that such failure prejudiced the
movant. Strickland, 466 U.S. at 687-94. Where the movant claims that counsel’s deficient
performance led him to reject a plea offer and proceed to trial, Strickland prejudice exists
when:
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but for the ineffective advice of counsel there is a reasonable probability that
the plea offer would have been presented to the court (i.e., that the defendant
would have accepted the plea and the prosecution would not have withdrawn
it in light of intervening circumstances), that the court would have accepted
its terms, and that the conviction or sentence, or both, under the offer’s terms
would have been less severe than under the judgment and sentence that in
fact were imposed.
Lafler, 132 S. Ct. at 1385. “Both of these prongs must be shown by a preponderance of the
evidence in order to prove ineffective assistance of counsel.” Zink, 278 S.W.3d at 175.
In this case, Arata failed to meet his burden of proving defense counsel failed to
inform Arata that he would have to serve 85% of any sentence imposed before becoming
eligible for parole. Arata and defense counsel provided the only testimony at the evidentiary
hearing on Arata’s amended post-conviction motion. Arata testified that: (1) he was not
informed by defense counsel of the 85% rule’s applicability to his case; and (2) if he had
known that he would have to serve 85% of any sentence imposed before becoming eligible
for parole, he would have taken the State’s offer of seven years instead of proceeding to trial.
Defense counsel testified that he could not specifically remember telling Arata the 85% rule
applied to his case. Defense counsel did, however, provide the following additional relevant
testimony: (1) it was defense counsel’s practice and procedure to inform his clients if there
was a minimum parole requirement associated with any charges they faced; (2) defense
counsel reviewed § 565.024 when advising Arata whether to accept the plea; (3) defense
counsel was certain that he had seen the 85% rule when advising Arata whether to accept
the offer because it was included in § 565.024 at the time; and (4) defense counsel would be
surprised if he had not told Arata that the 85% rule applied in his case.
The motion court considered Arata and defense counsel’s testimony, weighed their
credibility and determined that Arata had not proven by a preponderance of the evidence that
defense counsel failed to inform him that he would have to serve 85% of any sentence
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imposed before becoming eligible for parole. Although Arata in his own testimony
professed ignorance of the 85% rule, the motion court did not find that evidence credible.
Defense counsel’s contrary testimony about his practice and procedure, on the other hand,
was found credible by the motion court. The decision of which testimony to credit under
these circumstances was a matter for the motion court to resolve, and we defer to its
determination. Savick, 461 S.W.3d at 66. Because Arata’s testimony was not believed, he
failed to prove his claim that defense counsel did not advise him of the 85% rule’s
applicability to his case. Without such proof, Arata failed to overcome the strong
presumption that defense counsel rendered effective assistance.
Arata’s claim also fails because defense counsel had no duty to inform Arata that he
was subject to the 85% rule. In other words, even if true, the facts alleged by Arata do not
warrant post-conviction relief as a matter of law. Arata cites Frye, Lafler and Padilla v.
Kentucky, 559 U.S. 356 (2010), for the principle that criminal defendants are entitled to
receive effective assistance of counsel when deciding whether to accept a plea offer extended
by the State. That a constitutional right to effective assistance of counsel in plea negotiations
exists, however, does little to define the scope of that right, and the Supreme Court has
declined to outline the specific obligations of defense counsel during plea negotiations. See
Frye, 132 S. Ct. at 1408; see also Arnold v. State, No. ED102943, 2016 WL 1642966, at *5-
6 (Mo. App. April 26, 2016) (noting Frye is limited to cases where counsel failed to
communicate an existing plea offer to the defendant and Lafler is limited to cases where
counsel provided bad advice on whether to accept an existing offer). As for the resolution
of this appeal, it is sufficient to simply reiterate that multiple Missouri cases, post Frye,
Lafler and Padilla, have considered the scope of a defense counsel’s obligation to inform a
defendant of parole eligibility, which is a collateral consequence of the guilty plea. These
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cases have concluded that defense counsel may be ineffective for affirmatively misadvising
a defendant about his or her parole eligibility for a particular sentence, but counsel cannot
be ineffective for merely failing to inform a defendant of such consequences. Compare
Davis v. State, 497 S.W.3d 307, 307-08 (Mo. App. 2016) (vacating and remanding for an
evidentiary hearing where the movant rejected a plea offer and proceeded to trial after his
counsel allegedly misadvised him that he would have to serve 85% of his sentence before
becoming eligible for parole), with Voegtlin v. State, 464 S.W.3d 544, 554-55 (Mo. App.
2015) (holding counsel had no duty to inform a defendant that he would have to serve a
minimum of 40% of his sentence before becoming eligible for parole because parole
eligibility is only a collateral consequence of a guilty plea); Simmons v. State, 432 S.W.3d
306, 308-09 (Mo. App. 2014) (applying the same rule to a claim that counsel was ineffective
for failing to inform a defendant he would have to serve 85% of his sentence before
becoming eligible for parole); Johnson v. State, 398 S.W.3d 513, 516-17 (Mo. App. 2013)
(same holding); Smith v. State, 353 S.W.3d 1, 3-5 (Mo. App. 2011) (same holding). Thus,
consistent with long-standing Missouri law, defense counsel cannot be found ineffective for
the mere failure to advise Arata that he was subject to the 85% rule because parole eligibility
remains a collateral consequence about which defense counsel had no duty to inform Arata.
Ultimately, Arata acknowledges this important principle in his brief. In an apparent
attempt to present a cognizable claim, however, post-conviction appellate counsel argues
that defense counsel underestimated the strength of the State’s case when advising Arata
whether to accept the State’s plea offer. Because this claim was not included in Arata’s
amended motion, it is waived and is not subject to plain error review. McLaughlin v. State,
378 S.W.3d 328, 340 (Mo. banc 2012). The fact that Arata presented some evidence of the
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claim at his evidentiary hearing does nothing to change this result. Id.; Day v. State, 495
S.W.3d 773, 776 (Mo. App. 2016).
In sum, this Court is not left with a definite and firm impression that the motion court
made a mistake. Zink, 278 S.W.3d at 175. The motion court’s findings and conclusions are
not clearly erroneous. Rule 29.15(k). Arata’s point is denied, and the motion court’s order
denying relief is affirmed.
JEFFREY W. BATES, P.J. – OPINION AUTHOR
DON E. BURRELL, J. – CONCUR
MARY W. SHEFFIELD, C.J. – CONCUR
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