DocketNumber： Bankruptcy No. 10-40857-659; Adversary No. 14-4010-659
Citation Numbers： 520 B.R. 281
Judges： Surratt
Filed Date： 10/15/2014
Status： Precedential
Modified Date： 11/22/2022
FINDINGS OF FACT AND CONCLUSIONS OF LAW
The matter before the Court is Defendant LOM Property Corporation’s Notice
Debtor Iva M. Allen (hereinafter “Debt- or”) filed a Voluntary Petition for relief under Chapter 18 of the Bankruptcy Code on June 18, 2004 (hereinafter “2004 Case”). Debtor owns Real Property located at 6155 Westminster, St. Louis, Missouri, legally described as “the Eastern 32 Feet of Lot No. 43 in Block No. 6 of Washington Heights and in Block No. 542Ó of the City of St. Louis Missouri, fronting 32 feet on the North Line of Westminster Place, by a depth northwardly of 125 Feet to an alley” (hereinafter “Property”). On or about August 23, 1996, Debtor signed and delivered to Boatmen’s National Bank of St. Louis a Promissory Note in the principal sum of $150,000.00 (hereinafter “1996 Note”) secured by a Deed of Trust against the Property (hereinafter “Boatmen’s Deed of Trust”) as well as a Deed of Trust against Debtor’s nonresidential property located at 3903 Goodfellow Street, St. Louis, Missouri (hereinafter “Goodfellow Property”). The Boatmen’s Deed of Trust was recorded on September 24, 1996 in Book 1238, Page 2038 of the St. Louis City Recorder of Deeds. The Deed of Trust for the Good-fellow Property was recorded on September 24, 1996 in Book 1238, Page 2027 of the St. Louis City Recorder of Deeds.
Boatmen’s National Bank of St. Louis was purchased in late 1996 by Nations-Bank, which later merged with BankAmer-ica to form Bank of America, N.A. (hereinafter “Bank of America”). Therefore, Bank of America acquired the 1996 Note, the Boatmen’s Deed of Trust and the Deed of Trust for the Goodfellow Property.
On September 14, 2001, by way of Deed of Release, Bank of America released its Deed of Trust that encumbered the Good-fellow Property as security for the 1996 Note (hereinafter “First Goodfellow Deed of Release”). The First Goodfellow Deed of Release is recorded in Book 1720, Page 6042 in the St. Louis City Recorder of Deeds.
On June 5, 2002, the 1996 Note and the Boatmen’s Deed of Trust were sold and assigned to WAMCO XXX Ltd (hereinafter “WAMCO”). WAMCO did not record the assignment of the Boatmen’s Deed of Trust at this time.
First City Servicing Corporation (hereinafter “First City”) as servicing agent for WAMCO is the predecessor to Defendant LOM Property Corporation (hereinafter “LOM”). First City filed Claim Number 4-1 in the 2004 Case in which First City claimed that WAMCO held a Secured Claim in the amount of $178,947.39 which was secured by the Property which First City estimated to be worth $215,000.00. Attached to Claim 4-1 was the Boatmen’s Deed of Trust, as well as the 1996 Note and the unrecorded assignment of the Boatmen’s Deed of Trust from Bank of
On October 19, 2004, First City was granted relief from the automatic stay by stipulation between Debtor and First City (hereinafter “Relief from Stay Stipulation”).
At Debtor’s request, a series of Deeds of Release were executed by Bank of America after the assignment of the Boatmen’s Deed of Trust. First, on December 23, 2004, Kathy Clark, Assistant Vice President of Bank of America, executed a Deed of Release of the Boatmen’s Deed of Trust (hereinafter the “2004 Deed of Release”). The 2004 Deed of Release was never recorded. Second, on January 14, 2005, Charlene Covil, Assistant Vice President of Bank of America, executed a Deed of Release which contained conflicting information as to the Deed of Trust it purported to release (hereinafter “January 2005 Deed of Release”). The January 2005 Deed of Release described the subject property to be released as “Lots 1-5 in Block 5 of Home Site and in City Block 5721 of the City of St. Louis. Together fronting Í567 ft. more or less, on the West Line of Goodfellow Blvd by a depth westardly of 6014 ft on the South Line of Lot 1 and 5824 Ft on the North Line of Lot 5, to an alley, and having an aggregate width thereon 148 ft 8lh inches, bounded on the south by Ferris Avenue” which is the legal description for the Goodfellow Property. The January 2005 Deed of Release however referenced indebtedness mentioned in a Deed of Trust executed by Debtor and recorded in Book 1238 at page 2038, which is the Boatmen’s Deed of Trust for the Property, and not a Deed of Trust for the Goodfellow Property which was recorded in Book 1238, Page 2027 of the St. Louis City Recorder of Deeds. The January 2005 Deed of Release was recorded on January 24, 2005 in Book 01242005, Page 296 of the St. Louis City Recorder of Deeds. Third, on March 24, 2005, Kathy Clark executed a Deed of Release of the Boatmen’s Deed of Trust, which was recorded on April 5, 2005 in Book 04052005 at Page 200 of the St. Louis City Recorder of Deeds (hereinafter “April 2005 Deed of
On February 16, 2005, Debtor filed a Motion For Permission to Incur Debt to Refinance (hereinafter “Refinance Motion”) in which Debtor stated that she had the opportunity to refinance the debt on the Property with sufficient funds received after payment of valid liens against the property to pay in full all unsecured claims in the 2004 Case.
On March 21, 2005, Debtor executed and delivered a Promissory Note in the amount of $244,000.00 (hereinafter “2005 Note”) to Option One Mortgage Corporation (hereinafter “Option One”), secured by a Deed of Trust recorded on March 30, 2005 in Book 03302005, Page 214 of the St. Louis City Recorder of Deeds (hereinafter “2005 Option One Deed of Trust”). Old Republic, the closing agent for Option One, was provided with the unrecorded 2004 Deed of Release and the defective January 2005 Deed of Release at the time the 2005 Note was closed. Debtor did not initially pay any of the funds received from Option One to WAMCO. Debtor did use the Option One funds to satisfy a secured lien against the Property held by Creditor Select Portfolio Servicing, Inc.
On May 3, 2005, WAMCO commenced Adversary Proceeding 05-4109 in which WAMCO requested that this Court deem the Deeds of Release executed by Bank of America void, reinstate WAMCO’s lien on the Property and subordinate all subsequent liens executed by Debtor on the Property.
On August 12, 2005, Debtor and WAM-CO settled Adversary Number 05-4109 and a stipulated order was entered whereby Debtor agreed to pay WAMCO $50,000.00, the remainder of the debt to WAMCO would be excepted from discharge, the Deeds of Release executed by Bank of America would be null and void, WAMCO would be granted a first priority lien against the Goodfellow Property and the Boatmen’s Deed of Trust held by WAMCO would be reinstated as the First Priority Deed of Trust (hereinafter “2005 Adversary Stipulation”).
On September 13, 2005, WAMCO recorded the June 5, 2002 assignment of the Boatmen’s Deed of Trust from Bank of America in Book 09132005, Page 80 of the St. Louis City Recorder of Deeds.
On March 30, 2006, Debtor executed and delivered a Note (hereinafter “2006 Note”) and Deed of Trust in the amount of $274,500.00 to Option One (hereinafter “2006 Option One Deed of Trust”). The 2006 Option One Deed of Trust was recorded on April 6, 2006 in Book 04062006, Page 347 of the St. Louis City Recorder of Deeds. Funds derived from the 2006 Note were used to satisfy the 2005 Note. The 2006 Option One Deed of Trust replaced the 2005 Option One Deed of Trust. Option One’s title agent in connection with the 2006 Note, NETCO Inc., had a copy of the recorded 2005 Adversary Stipulation and was aware of the recorded assignment of the Boatmen’s Deed of Trust from Bank of America to WAMCO.
The Boatmen’s Deed of Trust was assigned by WAMCO to LOM on November 21, 2005, and recorded on January 17, 2007 in Book 01172007, Page 307 of the St. Louis City Recorder of Deeds. On April 3, 2009, Option One assigned- the 2006 Deed of Trust to Plaintiff Deutsche Bank National Trust Co. (hereinafter “Deutsche”). This assignment from Option One to Deutsche was recorded on September 26, 2012 in Book 09262012, Page 39 of the St. Louis City Recorded of Deeds.
The Missouri Department of Revenue may claim in interest in the Property by virtue of a Certificate of Tax Lien against the Property dated July 24, 2009. The Certificate of Tax Lien was recorded on July 27, 2009 in Book 07272009, Page 322 of the St. Louis City Recorded of Deeds. The Missouri Division of Employment Security may claim an interest in the Property by virtue of a Transcript of Judgment entered on or around February 6, 2012 in Case No. 1222-TJ0081.
On February 1, 2010, Debtor filed another Voluntary Petition under Chapter 13 of the Bankruptcy Code (hereinafter “2010 Case”). Debtor’s Amended Schedule D, filed on February 15, 2010, indicates that the servicer for Deutsche, American Home Mortgage Servicing, possessed a first priority lien on the Property and that LOM was fully secured by way of a first priority lien on the Goodfellow Property only. On March 10, 2011, Deutsche was granted relief from the automatic stay after Debtor failed to meet her obligations on a stipulation which would have permitted Debtor to satisfy post-petition delinquencies due to Deutsche over a six (6) month period. LOM did not seek relief from the automatic stay in the 2010 Case. On June 7, 2012, Debtor’s 2010 Case was dismissed for Debtor’s failure to make plan payments and the 2010 Case was closed on July 12, 2012.
Deutsche argues that the 2006 Option One Deed of Trust replaced the 2005 Option One Deed of Trust, which are now held by Deutsche, and therefore, under the replacement mortgage doctrine, Deutsche now holds the first priority lien against the Property. Deutsche further argues that there are genuine issues of material fact that preclude summary judgment, especially before discovery is conducted, because Debtor may have engaged in fraud to procure the 2004 Deed of Release and the January 2005 Deed of Release which Option One relied upon. Deutsche also argues that it would be inequitable for LOM to benefit from Debtor’s fraud through receipt- of the $50,000.00 and maintain a first priority lien at Deutsche’s expense.
JURISDICTION
This Court has jurisdiction of this matter pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§ 151, 157 and 1334 (2010) and Local Rule 81-9.01(B) of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri. This is a core proceeding under 28 U.S.C. § 157(b)(2)(E) (2010). Venue is proper in this District under 28 U.S.C. § 1409(a) (2010).
CONCLUSIONS OF LAW
The Court must determine whether under Missouri law, Deutsche or LOM holds the first priority lien against the Property. The Court rules as follows.
. “Summary judgment is proper if the pleadings, the discovery and disclosure materials on file, and any affidavits show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Torgerson v. City of Rochester, 643 F.3d 1031, 1042 (8th Cir.2011) (en banc) (citing Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(c)(2)). The movant has the burden of showing that there is no genuine issue of material fact, and that it is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Id. (citing Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 323, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 2552, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986)). A genuine issue exists if the record taken as a whole would lead a rational trier of fact to find for the nonmovant. Id. (citing Ricci v. DeStefano, 557 U.S. 557, 586, 129 S.Ct. 2658, 2677, 174 L.Ed.2d 490 (2009)). Once the movant satisfies that burden, the burden shifts to the nonmovant. Id. For the nonmovant to satisfy its burden it must do more than simply show some metaphysical doubt exists as to the material facts; the nonmov-ant “must come forward with specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue for trial.” Id. (citing Matsushita Elec. Indus. Co. v. Zenith Radio Corp., 475 U.S. 574, 586-87, 106 S.Ct. 1348, 1356, 89 L.Ed.2d 538 (1986)). A court must view all facts in a light most favorable to the nonmovant,
Missouri Statute Section 442.380 states that “every instrument in writing that conveys any real estate, or whereby any real estate may be affected, in law or equity, proved or acknowledged and certified in the manner herein prescribed, shall be recorded in the office of the recorder of the county in which such real estate is situated.” Mo.Rev.Stat. § 442.380 (2010). Missouri Statute Section 442.390 states that “every such instrument in writing, certified and recorded in the manner herein prescribed, shall, from time of filing the same with the recorder for record, impart notice to all persons of the contents thereof and all subsequent purchasers and mortgagees shall be deemed, in law and equity, to purchase with notice.” Mo.Rev. Stat. § 442.390 (2010).
Missouri Statute Section 443.035.2 states:
Any person who acquires an interest in or a lien upon real property for value and without notice of an unrecorded assignment of a security instrument recorded on or after January 1, 1986, and who has relied upon a release of such security instrument executed by the party last shown of record to be the owner thereof, shall acquire the interest in or lien upon such real property free from the lien of the security instrument to the same extent as if the release upon which reliance was placed had been executed by the lawful holder of the debt or other obligation secured by such security instrument.
Mo.Rev.Stat. § 443.035.2 (2010).
The Replacement Mortgage Doctrine states that:
(a) If a senior mortgage is released of record and, as part, of the same transaction, is replaced with a new mortgage, the latter mortgage retains the same priority as its predecessor, except
(1) to the extent that any change in the terms of the mortgage or the obligation it secures is materially prejudicial to the holder of a junior interest in the real estate, or
(2) to the extent that one who is protected by the recording act acquires an interest in the real estate at a time that the senior mortgage is not of record.
(b) If a senior mortgage or the obligation it secures is modified by the parties, the mortgage as modified retains priority as against junior interests in the real estate, except to the extent that the modification is materially prejudicial to the holders of such interests and is not within the scope of a reservation of right to modify as provided in Subsection (c).
(c) If the mortgagor and mortgagee reserve the right in a mortgage to modify the mortgage or the obligation it secures, the mortgage as modified retains priority even if the modification is materially prejudicial to the holders of junior interests in the real estate, except as provided in Subsection (d).
(d) If a mortgage contains a reservation of the right to modify the mortgage or the obligation as described in Subsection (c), the mortgagor may issue a notice to the mortgagee terminating that right. Upon receipt of the notice by the mortgagee, the right to modify with retention of priority under Subsection (c) becomes ineffective against persons taking any subsequent interests in the mortgaged real estate, and any subsequent modifications are governed by Subsection (b).*289 Upon receipt of the notice, the mortgagee must provide the mortgagor with a certificate in recordable form stating that the notice has been received.
Restatement 3d on Property: Mortgages, § 7.3 (1997). Missouri has adopted the Restatement 3d on Property: Mortgages, with respect to the analysis of the priority of replacement mortgages. Burney v. McLaughlin, 63 S.W.3d 223, 230-232 (Mo.App.2001); Golden Delta Enters., LLC v. U.S. Bank, 213 S.W.3d 171, 176 (Mo.App.2007).
Missouri is a “first to record” state, meaning that a mortgagee, the entity that lends money to a borrower for the purpose of purchasing real property, is only secured by the real property when the corresponding deed of trust is recorded. Until recorded, a deed of trust to secure a note is only valid between the parties thereto. Bremen Bank and Trust Co. v. Muskopf, 817 S.W.2d 602, 608 (Mo.App.1991) (citing Godwin v. Gerling, 362 Mo. 19, 239 S.W.2d 352, 360 (1951)).
“In Missouri a purchaser is charged with constructive notice of everything in prior recorded deeds, which go to make up the chain of title under which he holds.” In re Iowa-Missouri Realty Co., Inc., 86 B.R. 617, 620 (Bankr.W.D.Mo.1988) (citing Black v. Banks, 327 Mo. 341, 37 S.W.2d 594, 598 (1931)). Any instrument which lies outside of the chain of title does not impart notice to a purchaser of realty. Knutson v. Christeson, 684 S.W.2d 549, 551-52 (Mo.App.1984). “Notice may be imparted to a prospective purchaser by actual or constructive notice of facts which would place a reasonably prudent person on inquiry as to the title he is about to purchase.” In re Iowa-Missouri Realty Co., Inc., 86 B.R. at 620 (citing Johnson v. Stull, 303 S.W.2d 110, 118 (Mo.1957)). Constructive notice can take the form of notice of a discrepancy which thereby creates a duty of inquiry. In re Whitlow, 116 B.R. 158, 160 (Bankr.W.D.Mo.1990). If inquiry into a discrepancy would reveal that a deed of release was executed by mistake, the purchaser is bound with constructive notice that the deed of release was executed and recorded by mistake. Id. Reformation of a defective instrument is not proper if the rights of a bona fide purchaser will be prejudiced. In re Iowa-Missouri Realty Co., Inc., 86 B.R. at 621 (citations omitted).
“The recording of a judgment, properly entered and docketed, is notice of what it contains or recites, as well as such facts as might be fairly inferred from its recital, and such record carries with it constructive notice of the facts therein expressly recited as well as such facts as might be fairly inferred from its recitals.” Knutson, 684 S.W.2d at 552 (citing Inter-River Drainage Dist. of Missouri v. Henson, 99 S.W.2d 865, 873 (Mo.App.1936)). Two parties cannot agree to sever or subordinate the lien of a third party without that third party’s consent. In re Gateway Center Bldg. Investors, Ltd., 95 B.R. 647, 653 (Bankr.E.D.Mo.1989).
A court of equity cannot create rights that do not exist. Thompson v. Chase Manhattan Morg. Corp., 90 S.W.3d 194, 204 (Mo.App.2002) (citing Fleming-Gilchrist Const. Co. v. McGonigle, 338 Mo. 56, 89 S.W.2d 15, 18 (1935)). Ordinarily, equity cannot be used as a mechanism to award the complaining party who had the means and ability to avoid its harm. Id. at 205 (citing Cozart v. Mazda Dist. Inc., 861 S.W.2d 347, 352 (Mo.App.1993)). “Equity aids the vigilant, not those who slumber on their rights.” Id. (citing Townsend v. Maplewood Inv. & Loan Co., 351 Mo. 738, 173 S.W.2d 911, 913 (1943) (citation omitted)).
The Court views the state of affairs at the time that the 2005 Option One Deed
Also of some relevance is that a mere three (3) days after the 2005 Option One Deed of Trust was delivered, Bank of America executed the April 2005 Deed of Release, which was recorded shortly thereafter. After WAMCO commenced Adversary Proceeding 05-4109 to reinstate its lien against the Property, WAMCO and Debtor entered into- the 2005 Adversary Stipulation without any knowledge to Option One, which stated that $50,000.00 of the proceeds received from Option One would be paid to WAMCO, that WAMCO would have a First Priority Deed of Trust against the Property and that WAMCO would be granted a Deed of Trust which would encumber the Goodfellow Property. WAMCO received the $50,000.00 in proceeds from Option One. Also, Bank of America executed the August 2005 Bank of America Affidavit which affirmed that the 2004 Deed of Release, the January 2005 Deed of Release and the April 2005 Deed of Release were executed in error. WAM-CO recorded the 2005 Adversary Stipulation. WAMCO recorded the assignment of the Boatmen’s Deed of Trust. Option One refinanced the 2005 Note and executed the 2006 Note in the amount of $274,500.00 with actual knowledge of the 2005 Adversary Stipulation.
WAMCO knew it did not record the Boatmen’s Deed of Trust assignment, however there is no requirement that assignments be recorded in Missouri. Irrespectively, this priority dispute might have been avoided if WAMCO rather than Bank of America was the last party shown of
When WAMCO commenced Adversary Proceeding 05-4109 to reinstate its lien against the Property, WAMCO could have included Option One and therefore made any judgment or settlement of the matter binding on all parties affected, namely Debtor, WAMCO and Option One. Instead, WAMCO only sought to include Debtor and therefore, the 2005 Adversary Stipulation, as agreed by Debtor and WAMCO only, can only be legally binding as between Debtor and WAMCO.
When Debtor sought a loan from Option One, it was Option One’s duty to inquire as to the liens of record against the Property. All were aware that Debtor needed the approval of this Court to obtain any loan from Option One. In the 2004 Case, it is clear that WAMCO asserted a lien against the Property and that Bank of America was not a creditor of Debtor. Further, Option One, and its title agent Old Republic, were presented with the 2004 Deed of Release from Bank of America which was not recorded and the January 2005 Deed of Release which contained conflicting information. The culmination of the above is sufficient to signal to Option One that there are discrepancies that warranted further inquiry prior to closing the 2005 Note. Instead, Option One closed the 2005 Note and sought to remedy its lack of diligence ex post facto to no avail because by the time the 2006 Note was executed, the April 2005 Deed of Release was challenged by the recorded assignment of the Boatmen’s Deed of Trust and the recorded 2005 Adversary Stipulation.
This Court concludes upon application of Missouri Statute Section 443.035.2 that Option One, which acquired an interest in the Property with constructive notice of LOM as successor of WAM-CO’s unrecorded assignment of the Boatmen’s Deed of Trust which was recorded after January 1, 1986, relied upon a defective release of the Boatmen’s Deed of Trust which was executed by the party last shown of record to be the owner thereof, Bank of America. As such, Missouri Statute Section 443.035.2 does not resolve the matter in favor of Deutsche due in large part to Option One’s knowledge, both actual and constructive, of WAMCO’s interest in the Property, and Option One’s subsequent failure to inquire. The culmination of WAMCO’s involvement and assertion of an interest in the Property in the 2004 Case, Bank of America’s absence from the 2004 Case and the defective legal description in the January 2005 Deed of Release, should have caused pause and Option One should have engaged in further inquiry before the 2005 Note was closed. As such, Option One had both actual and constructive notice of facts which would have placed it on inquiry as to the chain of title of the Property. Option One’s actual and constructive knowledge therefore precludes any conclusion that Option One would be unduly prejudiced by reformation of the Boatmen’s Deed of Trust.
A judgment in equity in Deutsche’s favor as successor of Option One is not appropriate where the 2005 Note and 2005 Option One Deed of Trust should have never been executed and delivered based on the information available prior to the execution thereof. Moreover, it was evident that the January 2005 Deed of Release was defective because the April 2005 Deed of Release was sought a mere three days after delivery of the 2005 Option One Deed of Trust.
Likewise, the 2006 Note and 2006 Option One Deed of Trust were executed and delivered with irrefutable knowledge of WAMCO’s asserted interest in the Property which should again have prompted further inquiry by Option One. The 2005
Therefore, there are no genuine issues of material fact and LOM is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. By separate Order, LOM’s Motion for Summary Judgment will be granted and title will be quieted in favor of LOM and therefore LOM cannot be enjoined from foreclosing on the Property.
ORDER
Upon consideration of the record as a whole and consistent with the Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law entered separately,
IT IS ORDERED THAT LOM Properties Corp.’s Motion for Summary Judgement is GRANTED and judgement is entered in favor of Defendant, LOM Property Corp. and against Plaintiff, Deutsche Bank National Trust Company and title is quieted in favor of LOM Property Corp. and therefore LOM Property Corp. cannot be enjoined from foreclosing on the Property; and
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED THAT this is the final judgement and Order of the Bankruptcy Court in this case.
. Exhibit 1 to Defendant LOM Property Corporation's Notice of Removal of Civil Action is the Petition to Quiet Title and for Injunctive Relief that was filed in the Circuit Court of the Twenty-Second Judicial Circuit in St. Louis City, Missouri.
. See Docket Entry Number 33 of Case Number 04-47897.
. See Claim 1-1, 2004 Case; see also Exhibit Q to Response to LOM Property Corp.'s Statement of Uncontroverted Material Facts in Support of Motion for Summary Judgment and Statement of Additional Material Controverted Facts Making Summary Judgment Inappropriate.
. Debtor filed a prior Chapter 13 case on September 2, 2003, Case Number 03-51650, on the eve of Wamco XXX Ltd’s scheduled foreclosure sale. Case Number 03-51650 was dismissed on the Chapter 13 Trustee's oral motion in accordance with Section 1307(c) on March 19, 2004. After some delay, a new foreclosure sale was set for May 28, 2004, but was continued to June 18, 2004. The 2004 Case was commenced on June 18, 2004, the day of the continued foreclosure sale.
. See Motion for Permission to Incur Debt to Refinance, ¶ 2 (emphasis added).
. See 2004 Case, Objection to Claim and Notice of Objection, ¶ 2. Debtor objected to Creditor Select Portfolio Servicing, Inc.'s Claim 1-1 because Claim 1-1 in the amount of $88,792.72 was paid in full by Debtor's refinance with Option One; see also 2004 Case, Response to Objection of Claim filed by Creditor Select Portfolio Servicing, Inc. which acknowledges that Claim 1-1 had been paid in full.
. See Complaint, Adversary Number 05-4109.
. See Stipulation and Order on Wamco XXX Ltd.’s Complaint to Void Releases, Reinstate Liens for Sanctions, to Deny Discharge and Motion for Relief from Automatic Stay.
. LOM and Deutsche dispute whether WAM-CO intended to be in second lien position against the Property after Debtor refinanced with Option One based on evidence of settlement negotiations that preceded the terms of the 2005 Adversary Stipulation. This is not a genuine issue of material fact because under Rule 408 of the Federal Rules of Evidence, settlement negotiations are inadmissible, and none of the narrow exceptions apply. The 2005 Adversary Stipulation is the best evidence of the parties’ intent.
. Motion for Permission to Incur Debt to Refinance, ¶ 2.