Marriage of Smith

97-499
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA
No. 97-499
___________________________________
LARRY SMITH, )
)
Petitioner, )
)
v. ) OPINION
)
THE HONORABLE JOHN McKEON, sitting as AND )
District Judge in the Fifteenth Judicial District)
Court, Roosevelt County, Montana ) ORDER
)
IN RE MARRIAGE OF )
)
LARRY SMITH, )
)
Petitioner )
)
and )
)
BRIDGET SMITH, )
)
Respondent. )
___________________________________
The petitioner, Larry Smith, has petitioned this Court for an order of
supervisory
control pursuant to Rule 17, M.R.App.P., and Article VII, Section 2, of the Montana
Constitution.
In support of his petition for supervisory control, Smith has established that
he is
an Indian person, duly enrolled as a member of the Fort Peck Tribes, who resides on
the
Fort Peck Indian Reservation near Wolf Point, Montana, and that his spouse, Bridget
Smith, is a non-Indian person who resides in Wolf Point, Montana. The petitioner has
filed a petition in the District Court for the Fifteenth Judicial District in
Roosevelt County
for dissolution of his marriage. The respondent, the Honorable John McKeon, is the
presiding judge who has assumed jurisdiction to decide that petition.
Some percentage of the petitioner's assets consist of Indian trust land held in
trust
by the Bureau of Indian Affairs for his benefit. On December 3, 1996, the District
Court
ordered the petitioner to obtain an appraisal of the trust properties from the
Bureau of
Indian Affairs to assist the court in its division of the marital estate. When the
BIA
rejected that request, petitioner was ordered to appeal its rejection to the
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district office
for the BIA in Billings. When the district office affirmed the local office's
rejection, the
petitioner was ordered to appeal that decision to the Board of Appeals in Washington,
D.C.
The petitioner contends that the trust lands are not subject to valuation or
division
in a dissolution proceeding and, therefore, that he has been ordered to take a
position
before the Board of Appeals in Washington, D.C., which is inconsistent with the law.
The petitioner contends that he will be irreparably damaged if required to argue a
position
unfavorable to him at the national level.
The petitioner contends, based on our decision In re Marriage of Wellman (1993),
258 Mont. 131, 852 P.2d 559, that the District Court has no jurisdiction to divide
Indian
trust lands and, therefore, no jurisdiction to require the appraisal of Indian trust
lands,
and that neither can the District Court require an appraisal as a "condition
precedent" to
assuming jurisdiction in this matter.
The Assiniboine and Sioux Tribes of the Fort Peck Reservation have appeared as
amici curiae in support of Larry Smith's petition.
In response, the District Court contends that it cannot be called upon to make
equitable division of the marital estate without first knowing the value of Indian
trust
properties which represent a significant portion of the marital estate. The
District Court
states that it has not required the petitioner to take any position with the
Secretary of
Interior with regard to the value of the trust land property. The petitioner has
been
ordered to participate only so that the Secretary can make a proper valuation.
Bridget Smith, in her response to the petition for supervisory control, points
out
that petitioner previously filed a petition for supervisory control on the same
basis on
January 30, 1997, and that it was denied by this Court on February 20, 1997. Bridget
also contends that this case is not appropriate for supervisory control, and that
even if it
was, it should be denied on the merits because if she is denied a BIA appraisal, her
right
to due process and a proper valuation of the marital estate will be denied.
DISCUSSION
We held in Plumb v. Fourth Judicial District Court (1996), 279 Mont. 363, 927
P.2d 1011, that where a district court is proceeding based on a mistake of law, and
the
cost and complexity of a case will thereby be affected to the extent that a
substantial
injustice will occur, and there is no adequate remedy by appeal, a party is entitled
to the
exercise of supervisory control. On that basis, we accept supervisory control in
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this case.
In Wellman, we held that a district court had neither jurisdiction to distribute
Indian trust land nor consider its value for purposes of valuing the marital
estate. We
held as follows:
Thus, an assertion of state court jurisdiction to apportion a marital estate
consisting primarily of Indian trust land appears on its face to be in conflict
with the federal government's direct interest in Indian trust property.
Robert attempts to circumvent this barrier by arguing that even
though the District Court has no authority to transfer title to the trust land
to a non-Indian, it has the power to value the marital estate and the
obligation to apportion it equitably, either by awarding him a monetary
judgment equal to his equitable share of the estate or by ordering the land
to be sold to other tribal members and the proceeds divided. We disagree.
. . . .
Here, we are urged to assert state court jurisdiction over Indian trust
land by figuratively bringing it into state court for valuation prior to an
ordered sale and division of proceeds or a monetary award equal to
Robert's equitable share of the value of the land. Based on our discussion
of 28 U.S.C. 1360(b), above, we conclude that any of these actions
would result in a prohibited adjudication of interests in Indian trust land.
See Sheppard, 655 P.2d at 923 (Bristline, J., dissenting).
. . . .
We hold that, under the facts of this case, the District Court did not
err in concluding that it lacked jurisdiction to adjudicate the disposition of
the Indian trust land that was the parties' only significant marital asset.
Wellman, 258 Mont. at 137-41, 852 P.2d at 563-65.
If the District Court has no authority to distribute petitioner's Indian trust
land and
no authority to consider its value for purposes of distributing the remainder of the
marital
estate, it has no authority to order him to request an appraisal of that property
from the
BIA and to appeal the BIA's refusal to give him one. Neither does the District Court
have authority to condition acceptance of those issues over which it properly has
jurisdiction on the parties' willingness to give the court jurisdiction over Indian
trust
lands.
For these reasons, we accept supervisory jurisdiction pursuant to Rule 17,
M.R.App.P., and hold that the District Court erred when it ordered Larry Smith to
request an appraisal of his Indian trust lands from the Bureau of Indian Affairs,
and when
it ordered him to appeal the BIA's refusal to give him an appraisal. That order of
the
District Court is REVERSED and set aside.
This case is remanded to the District Court for further proceedings necessary to
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dissolve the parties' marriage and distribute that part of the marital estate over
which the
District Court does have jurisdiction.
The Clerk of Court is directed to mail a true and correct copy of this order to
all
parties of record.
DATED this 30th day of September, 1997.
/S/ TERRY N. TRIEWEILER
/S/ JIM REGNIER
/S/ JAMES C. NELSON
/S/ W. WILLIAM LEAPHART
/S/ KARLA M. GRAY
Chief Justice J. A. Turnage would deny the application for writ of supervisory
control.
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