State v. Johnson

DA 06-0299
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA
2007 MT 213N
STATE OF MONTANA,
Plaintiff and Respondent,
v.
SCOTT DOUGLAS JOHNSON,
Defendant and Appellant.
APPEAL FROM: District Court of the Fourth Judicial District,
In and For the County of Missoula, Cause No. DC 05-364
Honorable Ed McLean, Presiding Judge
COUNSEL OF RECORD:
For Appellant:
Jeffry L. Olson, Office of State Public Defender, Great Falls, Montana
For Respondent:
The Honorable Mike McGrath, Attorney General; Sheri K. Sprigg,
Helena, Assistant Attorney General, Helena, Montana
Fred Van Valkenburg, Missoula County Attorney; Dale Mrkich,
Jennifer Clark, Deputy County Attorneys, Missoula, Montana
Submitted on Briefs: April 18, 2007
Decided: August 28, 2007
Filed:
__________________________________________
Clerk
Chief Justice Karla M. Gray delivered the Opinion of the Court.
¶1 Pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(c), Montana Supreme Court 1996 Internal
Operating Rules, the following decision shall not be cited as precedent. It shall be filed
as a public document with the Clerk of the Supreme Court and its case title, Supreme
Court cause number and disposition shall be included in this Court's quarterly list of
nonciteable cases published in the Pacific Reporter and Montana Reports.
¶2 Scott Douglas Johnson appeals from the judgment and sentence entered by the
Fourth Judicial District Court, Missoula County, upon a jury verdict convicting him of
the felony offenses of criminal possession of dangerous drugs and failure to comply with
registration requirements. We affirm.
¶3 The restated issues on appeal are:
¶4 1. Did the District Court err in denying Johnson’s motion for a directed verdict on
the charge of failure to register?
¶5 2. Was the evidence sufficient to support the jury’s verdicts?
BACKGROUND
¶6 In August of 2005, the State of Montana charged Johnson by information with the
felony offenses of failure to comply with sexual offender registration requirements and
criminal possession of dangerous drugs, as well as a misdemeanor charge. The
supporting affidavit stated: 1) Johnson was ordered to register as a sexual offender and,
after his release from prison, had last registered his address at the Missoula Poverello
Center; (2) he left the Poverello Center in February of 2005; 3) Johnson’s probation
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officer received information that Johnson was living at a different address; 4) law
enforcement officers found Johnson at that address in July of 2005; and 5) officers
discovered a baggie in Johnson’s possession which contained a substance later identified
as methamphetamine.
¶7 Johnson pled guilty to the misdemeanor charge and not guilty to the felony
charges. The District Court held a jury trial. Johnson moved for a directed verdict at the
close of the State’s case-in-chief and again at the close of all evidence. The District
Court denied the motion. The jury returned verdicts of guilty on both felony charges, and
the court entered judgment and sentence. Johnson appeals.
STANDARDS OF REVIEW
¶8 We review de novo a district court’s conclusion pursuant to § 46-16-403, MCA—
known as the “directed verdict statute”—regarding whether sufficient evidence exists in a
criminal case to support a finding or verdict of guilty. See State v. Swann, 2007 MT 126,
¶¶ 18-19, 337 Mont. 326, ¶¶ 18-19, 160 P.3d 511, ¶¶ 18-19. A criminal defendant is
entitled to a directed verdict only if reasonable people could not conclude from the
evidence, taken in a light most favorable to the prosecution, that guilt has been proved
beyond a reasonable doubt. See State v. Struble, 2004 MT 107, ¶ 26, 321 Mont. 89, ¶ 26,
90 P.3d 971, ¶ 26 (citation omitted).
¶9 The standard of review regarding the sufficiency of the evidence to support a
conviction in a criminal case is nearly identical, differing only because of the different
point in a criminal case at which the issue arises. Thus, we review the sufficiency of the
evidence to support a jury verdict of guilty to determine whether, viewing the evidence in
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the light most favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have found the
essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt. See State v. Weigand, 2005
MT 201, ¶ 7, 328 Mont. 198, ¶ 7, 119 P.3d 74, ¶ 7 (citation omitted).
DISCUSSION
¶10 1. Did the District Court err in denying Johnson’s motion for a directed verdict
on the charge of failure to register?
¶11 Under the Sexual or Violent Offender Registration Act (SVORA), a sexual or
violent offender who knowingly fails to register certain information, verify registration,
or keep registration current may be sentenced to prison, fined, or both. See § 46-23-507,
MCA. Section 46-23-505, MCA (2003), in effect when Johnson was charged, sets forth
in pertinent part that, if an offender required to register pursuant to SVORA “changes
residence,” the offender shall give written notification of the “new address” to the
appropriate agency within 10 days.
¶12 Section 1-1-215(3), MCA, provides that a residence cannot be lost until another is
gained. Relying on that statute, Johnson asserts the State did not prove he gained a new
residence at the address where he was arrested or any other location. However, Johnson
provides no authority for his apparent position that the State has the burden of proving
the location of a new residence as an element of the offense of failure to register, with
respect to the “changes residence” language in § 46-23-505, MCA (2003). M. R. App. P.
23(a)(4) requires such authority. We also note that Johnson requested a jury instruction
placing the burden on the State to prove he changed his residence to the street address
where he was arrested, the District Court refused the requested instruction, and Johnson
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does not assert instructional error. Thus, we need not address this matter further.
¶13 Regarding Johnson’s motion for a directed verdict at the close of the State’s case-
in-chief, the State submitted evidence that the Poverello Center’s policy allows a person
to stay there for no more than 30 days at one time, and the center’s records reflected
Johnson stayed there only between January 30 and February 12, 2005. The State also
submitted evidence that Johnson was arrested in July of 2005 at the street address his
probation officer had provided to officers.
¶14 We conclude that, taking this evidence in a light most favorable to the prosecution,
a reasonable person could conclude, at the close of the State’s case-in-chief, that Johnson
changed residences and failed to keep his registration current, as contemplated in § 46-
23-505, MCA (2003) and, therefore, that guilt had been proven beyond a reasonable
doubt. Thus, we hold the District Court did not err in denying Johnson’s motion for a
directed verdict at the close of the State’s case-in-chief. For that reason, we need not
address his renewed motion at the close of the entire case.
¶15 2. Was the evidence sufficient to support the jury’s verdicts?
¶16 Regarding the charge of failure to register, Johnson reiterates his assertion that the
State had the burden to prove he acquired a new residence in relation to the “changes
residence” language contained in § 46-23-505, MCA (2003)—again, without advancing
authority as required by M. R. App. P. 23(a)(4). We will not address this further.
¶17 Johnson also points to testimony from himself and other witnesses about his
asserted homelessness and staying various places after he left the Poverello Center, in an
effort to support his position that insufficient evidence supported the jury’s verdict on the
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failure to register charge. We note that, in addition to that evidence, a detective testified
that homeless people have registered in Missoula by providing locations such as
“Northwest Side of the Reserve Street Bridge.”
¶18 The issue here is whether sufficient evidence supports the jury’s verdict, not
whether the evidence could have supported a different result. See Weigand, ¶ 7 (citation
omitted). Viewing the evidence recited above in a light most favorable to the
prosecution, we conclude sufficient evidence existed on which a rational trier of fact
could have found the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt.
¶19 Johnson also contends insufficient evidence supports the jury’s verdict on the
charge of criminal possession of dangerous drugs. He relies on certain conflicting
testimony and the discovery of the baggie at the detention center rather than during an
earlier “pat down” search.
¶20 Determinations of the credibility and weight of testimony are within the exclusive
province of the jury, and conflicting testimony does not render the evidence insufficient
to support a guilty verdict. State v. Borsberry, 2006 MT 126, ¶ 20, 332 Mont. 271, ¶ 20,
136 P.3d 993, ¶ 20 (citations omitted). Moreover, as set forth above, the issue is not
whether the evidence would have supported a different verdict. See Weigand, ¶ 7.
Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution, we conclude a
rational trier of fact could have found Johnson guilty beyond a reasonable doubt of
criminal possession of a dangerous drug. We hold, therefore, that sufficient evidence
supported the jury’s verdict on the felony drug charge.
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¶21 Affirmed.
/S/ KARLA M. GRAY
We concur:
/S/ JAMES C. NELSON
/S/ JOHN WARNER
/S/ PATRICIA COTTER
/S/ JIM RICE
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