State ex rel. Donovan v. Ledwidge

MB. JUSTICE PIG-OTT

delivered the opinion of the court.

The state of Montana, at the relation of its attorney .general, has instituted this proceeding in- mandamus to compel the stenographer of Department II of the district court of Silver Bow county to furnish a copy, written out at length, of the testimony and proceedings upon a trial involving the validity of two supposed wills. The allegations contained in the application are to the effect that the state of Montana, by its attorney general, filed objections to the probate of two certain proposed wills of oner Colbert, deceased, asserting that the wills presented were forged; that C'olbert bad died intestate, without heirs, and that the property of the decedent would escheat to the state; that a trial was had of the issues raised by the objections, at which many witnesses were examined, and much evidence received; that the trial resulted in favor of the state and against the proponents; that the proponents, in July, 1902, gave notice of their intention to move for a new trial, and duly served their proposed bills of exception in support thereof; that the court, by granting to tire state thirty days’ extension, enlarged the time within which the state might propose amendments to each of the bills; that the time for proposing amendments will expire with November 7, 1902, and that no further time can be granted by the court without the consent of the proponents,,and that they have refused and still refuse to consent to any further enlargement; that the stenographer attended the trial and took full stenographic notes of all the testimony, evidence, and proceedings; that the attorney general, acting for the state, on August 1, 1902, demanded of the stenographer a copy of his notes, written out at length; that the stenographer had written the same out at length, and has in his possession copies thereof so extended, but that he refused and still refuses to deliver to the attorney general a copy without payment in advance by the state of $419.40, his alleged fees; that the attorney general did not have knowledge of the unqualified refusal 'of the stenographer until the 20th day of the present month, and that the stenographer has never written out and filed with the clerk of the trial court any of the objections, rulings, decisions, opinions, or exceptions taken by him; that neither of the proposed bills contains a full, true, and correct statement of the evidence and proceedings; and that the state is desirous of preparing amendments thereto before November 7th next, and that, to enable the attorney general to do- so, it is indis-' pensable that he have a copy of the proceedings so taken by the stenographer. The application sets forth as the reason why it is necessary that the writ should issue from this court instead of from the district court that, if application were made to the district court, it would be subject to the unavoidable delay incident to the commencement, hearing, and trial of the same in such court, and that it could not be determined until after November 7, 1902; and that, if the decision in such court should be adverse to the state, and an appeal were taken to the supreme court, such appeal could not be heard here prior to to the 7th day of November next.

An alternative writ was issued, and the defendant was required to answer on yesterday, October 28, 1902. He moved that the writ be quashed on several gTounds, the first being- that the application does not set forth any sufficient reason why the writ should issue from the supreme court, instead of from the district court of Silver Bow county. Subdivision 2 of Rule II of this court requires, among other things, that the application for the issuance of the writ of mandate must set forth the reasons which render it necessary that the writ should issue originally from the supreme court, and that the sufficiency or insufficiency of the reasons so set forth will be determined by the court in awarding or refusing the writ. When we ordered the writ to go, we decided the reasons set forth in the application to be sufficient. The motion to quash admits as true the matters urged as reasons. If the defendant had traversed the aver-ments, or pleaded new matter in avoidance, a different question would arise. The first ground of the motion is untenable.

The next contention is that the attorney general should have asked the district court of Silver Bow county for a rule or order requiring the defendant to furnish the copy demanded. In State ex rel. Kranich v. Supple, 22 Montana Reports, 184, (56 Pac. 20), we gave a kindred question some consideration. There the stenographer had refused to obey the command of Section 372 of the' Code of Civil Procedure, which provides that “all objections made, the rulings, decisions and opinions of the court, and the exceptions taken during the trial, or hearing, must be written out at length, or printed in type, by the stenographer and filed with the clerk forthwith after the close of the trial or hearing,” and the district court refused to order him to comply therewith. A careful reading of the opinion discloses the fact that this court did not deem the refusal of tbe district court to require its stenographer to obey tbe statute a matter of importance; it beld tbat tbe stenographer should have done tbe duty imposed upon him by statute, and tbat be is one of tbe persons to whom tbe writ may issue. Nor does State ex rel. Dempsey v. Second Judicial District Court, 24 Montana Reports, 566, (63 Pac. 389), support tbe defendant’s contention. There tbe district court bad ordered its stenographer to furnish to tbe defendant in a criminal case a copy of the evidence taken at tbe trial, to enable him to prepare bills of exceptions. This was done under tbe authority conferred by tbe last sentence of Section 373 of tbe Code of Civil Procedure, providing that, “if it appears to tbe judge tbat a defendant in a criminal case is unable to pay for such copy, tbe same shall be furnished him and paid for by tbe county.” Tbe stenographer did not obey, and this court was applied to for a writ of mandate to compel tbe stenographer to obey tbe order. We denied the application, for tbe reason tbat to punish tbe contempt, and so enforce obedience, was for the court which made tbe order, and not for this court. It is to be observed tbat tbe duty to furnish tbe copy was imposed by order of tbe court made in accordance with tbe statute, and was not a specific duty created by tbe statute without tbe intervention of tbe court or judge. In an obiter we further intimated tbe opinion tbat if tbe court or judge bad refused, upon a proper showing, to enforce tbe order by contempt, proceedings, this court would feel justified in compelling tbe stenographer to do bis duty, but, until that remedy in tbe court below bad been exhausted, we would not interfere. In State ex rel. Moshner v. Wright, 26 Montana Reports, 540, (69 Pac. 101), we beld, it is true, tbat mandamus is not ordinarily tbe proper remedy to compel tbe clerk to issue an alias order of sale upon a foreclosure decree, for tbe reason tbat there is a plain, speedy, and adequate remedy by motion in tbe case itself; but tbat tbe court in which a judgment is entered is tbe primary forum to which application should be made for its enforcement, and tbat, if tbe clerk refuse to issue a writ of execution, be may, without resort to the extraordinary remedy of mandamus, be compelled, by order, to perform tbe ministerial duty. Tbe court bas control of its process, and may, by order, require of its clerical officer performance of bis duty in respect thereof. This remedy does not seem appropriate in such a case as the one now presented, where tbe attorney general insists that be is entitled, under the provisions of tbe statute only, to receive from tbe stenographer a transcript of tbe notes taken and extended by him. Tbe statute invoked by tbe attorney general imposes the duty tbe performance of which is sought to be coerced. With tbe creation of this duty tbe court bas nothing to do. .Discharge of such duty is in no wise obedience to any order or judgment; it bas no place in tbe substantial proceedings of tbe case. Indeed, we seriously doubt tbe existence of power in the district court- to punish as for a contempt disobedience of its mere order that -the stenographer deliver to tbe attorney general tbe transcript demanded by him.

Another ground of tbe motion to quash is that a full transcript of all tbe proceedings bad upon tbe trial is not necessary to a settlement of tbe bill of exceptions, and therefore Section 1874 of tbe Code of Civil Procedure bas no application; and tbe last ground argued is that the alleged facts set forth in the petition do not entitle tbe state to a writ of mandate.

Section 373 of tbe Code of Civil Procedure provides, among other things, that tbe stenographer must, upon request, furnish, with all reasonable diligence, to a party or bis attorney in a civil cause in which be bas attended tbe trial or bearing, a copy, written out at length or in narrative form, from bis stenographic notes, of the testimony and proceedings upon tbe trial, upon payment, by tbe person requiring tbe same, of 5 cents per folio for tbe copy written out at length, and 7% cents per folio for tbe copy written out in narrative form. Section 1874 of tbe same Code reads as follows: “The state or a county, or any subdivision thereof, or any officer when prosecuting or defending an action on behalf of tbe state or county, or subdivision thereof, is not required to pay or deposit any fee or amount lo- or with any officer during the prosecution or defense of an action. Nó officer so prosecuting or defending shall be taxed with costs or damages, but sucb costs or damages, if any, shall be taxed to the state or county, as the case may be.” We have already decided in State ex rel. Donovan v. Second Judicial District Court, 25 Montana Reports, 355, (65 Pac. 120), that the state had the right to' appear and oppose the probate of the wills. The state was, therefore, and is, a party to the cause, action, or proceeding, in the district court. The stenographer is an officer of that court, and the sums paid to him for copies aie, by Section 3T3, supra, designated as “fees.” Section 1866 of the Code of Civil Procedure declares that the legal fees paid to stenographers for per diem or for copies are necessary disbursements, which a party is entitled to include in his cost bill. The attorney general, acting for the state, has demanded a copy of the testimony, and the defendant has refused to deliver it to him without prepayment of the fees. From Sections 373 and 1874, when read together, it is manifest that the stenographer may not require the state, or its attorney general, to pay the amount of his fees in advance. The ministerial duty of the stenographer to furnish the transcript to the attorney general is equally manifest. Whether he is entitled, in such a proceeding, to fees from the state, is a question not here involved.

The motion to quash having been overruled, the defendant, hy leave of court, filed his answer today. Therein he avers that he has never written out at length, or otherwise, the testimony or proceedings had upon the trial; that in June, 1902, the attorney general requested the defendant to! prepare for him a transcript of the testimony and proceedings, and agreed to pay him the regular fees therefor; that, relying upon the promise of the attorney general, the defendant entered into a contract with one Deavitt, by which Deavitt agreed to transcribe the stenographic notes and write the testimony and proceedings at length in consideration of one-half of the fees allowed by law to be paid to him therefor upon delivery of the transcript to the attorney general; and that thereafter Deavitt, in compliance with the contract with the defendant, did prepare a typewritten transcript of tbe testimony and proceedings, but that the defendant did not prepare any part of the transcript, and does not own the same, and is not at liberty to deliver it to the attorney general.

From the evidence taken it appears that the defendant read and dictated to Deavitt from his stenographic notes all the testimony and proceedings taken at the trial, and that Deavitt printed the same upon a typewriting machine; that Deavitt delivered three copies to the defendant, and that the defendant now has these copies in his possession. He says, however, that he does not feel at liberty to deliver any one of them for the reason that the defendant and Deavitt agreed that no copy should pass from the possession of the defendant to the attorney general until the fees were paid. The defendant, a public officer, will not be permitted to avoid the performance of a duty enjoined upon him by law by showing that he and another person had made a contract under the terms of which the public officer promised to violate that duty. This court is not concerned with the. respective rights of the defendant and Deavitt as between themselves. The assertion that the attorney general does not need the transcript for the purpose of aiding him in proposing amendments to the bills of exceptions may be disposed of by observing that the- law has omitted to clothe the stenographer with the right or privilege of raising or solving the question, which must, necessarily, be decided by the attorney general, who has the legal right to a copy of the extended notes, and by him only.

It is therefore ordered that a peremptory writ of mandate issue as prayed for, and that the defendant make return thereof at 10 o’clock on Friday, the 31st day of October, 1902.

Writ granted.