State v. . Surles

The defendant was indicted in Harnett County under section 1089 of The Code for disposing of mortgaged property; and at August Term, 1893, of the Superior Court of Harnett, the case was removed to the county of Johnston for trial. When the case was called the defendant moved to quash, upon the following grounds: (1) That the counts in the bill of indictment were repugnant; (2) that the description of the land in the mortgage and bill was insufficient; (3) that the transcript of the order of removal was insufficient. Upon the motion being denied by the court, the defendant excepted. There were two counts in the bill, in one of which it was charged that the defendant disposed of the property with intent to hinder, delay and defeat the rights of "J. A. Green, business manager of the Farmers' Alliance Exchange of Harnett County," and, in the other count, to hinder, delay and defeat the said "J. A. Green, business manager and agent of the Farmers' Alliance Exchange of Harnett County." The defendant contends that the further descriptive word, "agent," in the second count creates a repugnance and contradiction between the two. There is nothing in this position. The two counts relate to one transaction, varied simply to meet the probable proof, and the court will neither quash nor force an election.S. v. Parish, 104 N.C. 679. Besides, there is no difference between the terms "agent" and "manager," and the latter word may be treated as surplusage in this connection.

The lands upon which the mortgaged crops were grown were described in the mortgage and bill as "18 acres on my [defendant's] own land in Averasboro Township, Harnett County, North (723) Carolina." The land was sufficiently described. S. v. Logan, 100 N.C. 454; Woodlief v. Harris, 95 N.C. 211.

The transcript from Harnett was not sufficient in form or substance, and his Honor should have continued the cause upon the motion to quash, and have had a writ of certiorari issued to the clerk of that county for a full and true transcript of the record in the case. If the imperfection of the transcript had not been discovered until a motion in arrest of judgment, he should have suspended the judgment until a full transcript should be sent from Harnett. This Court has, by certiorari, procured a full and perfect transcript from Harnett County, and it is sufficient in all respects. This proceeding on our part finds precedent in the cases of S. v. Craton,28 N.C. 164; S. v. Randall, 87 N.C. 571.

In the course of the trial the defendant objected to the introduction of the mortgage, because of insufficient description of the land conveyed therein upon which the crops were grown. This objection has been disposed of already, in discussing the motion to quash.

J. A. Green, a witness, testified that he was the business manager of the Alliance, and that there was a minute of his election on the books of the Alliance. The defendant insisted that this was a matter of record, and should be proved by the record itself. His Honor overruled the objection, and his ruling was correct. It was a collateral matter, purely, and could be proved by parol. S. v. Wilkerson, 98 N.C. 696; S. v. Credle, 91 N.C. 647 (641.)

In the argument of the case the Solicitor, in addressing the jury concerning the defendant, who had been examined as a witness in his own behalf, made use of the following language: "You are asked to repudiate the evidence of Mr. Green, a man of good character, (724) and to accept in full the evidence of this immaculate gentleman, the defendant, who defies the law with perjury. Such unblushing audacity I have never seen surpassed on the witness stand. Where a man comes on the witness stand, and tells you that he cannot remember whether he made more than one bale of cotton on 18 acres of land or not, especially under such circumstances as surround the defendant, you know that statement is perjured. You are expected to accept the statement of a man who admits that he has sneaked around in the nighttime and has induced other persons to steal horses, for which offense they have been sent to the penitentiary while he goes free." His Honor refused to restrain the Solicitor, and the defendant excepted. The testimony of the defendant witness, upon which the remarks of the Solicitor were based, was as follows: "Have been indicted for false pretense. Turned State's evidence on other men for horse stealing. I swear I do not recollect whether I made more than two bales on both the tracts I cultivated in 1891 or not. Sold Mr. Young four or five bales in 1891, but sold them for other people. Didn't sell any cotton of my own that year, except one bale to the Alliance. Never told Green if I got the proceeds of the three bales I sold him I would arrange for the balance. Sold cotton in my own name. Acted detective in the horse case, with the approval of the Solicitor. Acquitted in the false pretense case. Sued for malicious prosecution. Suit was compromised by my attorney." The defendant admitted that he induced other persons to go with him and steal the horses in question. Under the circumstances his Honor properly allowed the Solicitor to proceed. It was a matter left to his sound discretion, and this Court will not review his action; for, while the reflections of counsel were severe, they seem to have been warrantedGoodman v. Sapp, 102 N.C. 477; Pearson v. Crawford, (725)116 N.C. 756.

In his charge his Honor told the jury that the mortgage rested on a good consideration, whether it was given, as testified by defendant, for a balance due on a former debt, or whether, as testified by the witness Green, for supplies furnished, after the date of the mortgage. The defendant excepts, but on what ground it is not clear. His Honor was correct in the ruling. Woodlief v. Harris, supra; Harris v. Jones,83 N.C. 317.

The Court further charged the jury: "The State must satisfy you beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant disposed of the mortgaged cotton raised on his own land — which is the only crop in question — with intent to defeat the rights of the mortgagee. If you believe the defendant disposed of the cotton to persons other than the mortgagee, and at the time of the disposition the debt secured by the mortgage was unpaid, then the burden is on the defendant to satisfy you that he made such disposition without the intent to defeat the rights of the mortgagee. This he may do by showing that he honestly believed he had a set-off against the Alliance for cotton delivered in 1890, and corn sold on their order, sufficient of itself, or together with the bale delivered in 1891, to extinguish the mortgage debt. But you must remember that, before the defendant can be called upon to make an explanation as to his intent in the disposition, the fact of the disposition must be proved by the State beyond a reasonable doubt, and also the fact that the mortgage debt had not at the time of the disposition been paid by the corn claimed to have been sold by the defendant on account of the Alliance, or by the bale of the '91 crop claimed to have been delivered, or in any other way. Of course, if he brought all the cotton he made on his own land to the Alliance, he is not guilty, and the State must prove he did not do (726) this. If he disposed of all or part of the crop, believing he had paid or had a set-off sufficient to extinguish the debt, he is not guilty; or if, disposing of part of the crop, he reserved enough, as he believed, of itself, or together with the payments he believed he had made, or the set-off he believed he had, to satisfy the debt, he is not guilty. If upon all the evidence in the case you have a doubt reasonably consistent with the defendant's innocence, you will find him not guilty." The defendant excepted to that part of the charge. There was no error in the charge. It was proved on the trial that the defendant made cotton on the 18 acres of land described in the mortgage; that he had sold to other persons all that he had made, without the knowledge or consent of the mortgagee; and that he had promised to pay the debt often. It then became necessary for the defendant to disprove the criminal intent shown prima facie by the sale and disposal of the property so made. S. v. Ellington,98 N.C. 749; The Code, sec. 1089.

There was a verdict of guilty, after which the defendant's counsel moved for a new trial for errors in the charge, as pointed out, failure to correct the Solicitor in his address to the jury, and that the mortgage had been improperly recorded and probated (there were no exceptions to the registration or probate of the mortgage). The motion was denied, and the defendant appealed. There was no error in his Honor's refusal to grant a new trial. The defendant then moved in arrest of judgment upon the grounds set forth in the motion to quash, which motion his Honor denied, and pronounced judgment, and the defendant appealed. There was no error in any of the rulings of the court, and the judgment is

Affirmed.

Cited: S. v. Tyson, 133 N.C. 696; Burns v. Tomilson, 147 N.C. 635;Christmon v. Tel. Co., 159 N.C. 199; Brown v. Mitchell, 168 N.C. 314.

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