DocketNumber: COA02-1427
Judges: Wynn, Hudson, Calabria
Filed Date: 11/4/2003
Status: Precedential
Modified Date: 10/19/2024
Plaintiff-father, Joe F. Senner, appeals the 24 June 2002 order awarding primary custody of his two minor children to their defendant-mother, Lisa Senner. We uphold the trial court’s order finding that the best interest of the children supported awarding primary custody to Ms. Senner.
Plaintiff and defendant married in 1992; had two children during their marriage; moved in 1998 from Texas to North Carolina; and separated on 5 December 1999 when defendant moved out of the marital
Under temporary consent orders dated 7 January 2000 and 10 March 2000, the trial court awarded (without prejudice to either party) primary custody of the children to plaintiff and weekend visitation rights to defendant. On 7 November 2001, defendant moved to modify custody alleging a substantial change in circumstances had occurred since entry of the March 2000 temporary consent order. By order dated 24 June 2002 nunc pro tunc 25 April 2002, the trial court concluded, inter alia, “It is in the best interests of the minor children that Defendant be awarded their primary custody.” Plaintiff appeals.
On appeal, plaintiff asserts the trial court erroneously: (I) modified the March 2000 custody order under the best interest standard; (II) failed to find North Carolina was the home state for the children; and (III) denied plaintiffs Rule 59 and 60 motions to amend or grant relief.
Plaintiff first asserts the trial court erred by considering the March 2000 custody order a temporary order under which the standard for determining custody would be the best interest of the children. Instead, plaintiff argues, the trial court should have found the March 2000 custody order to be a final order requiring the trial court to apply a substantial change of circumstances test in determining the issue of custody. To support this contention, plaintiff relies upon LaValley v. LaValley, 151 N.C. App. 290, 564 S.E.2d 913 (2002) for the proposition that the twenty-month delay from the March 2000 order until defendant filed her motion to modify in November 2001 was unreasonable; and, since the matter had not been set for hearing within a reasonable time, the “temporary consent order” was converted into a final order. We disagree.
An initial custody determination requires a custody award to such person “as will best promote the interest and welfare of the child.” N.C. Gen. Stat. § 50-13.2 (2001). Subsequent modification of a custody order requires a “showing of changed circumstances. . . .” N.C. Gen. Stat. § 50-13.7 (2001). Generally, “[i]f a child custody order is temporary in nature and the matter is again set for hearing, the trial court is to determine custody using the best interests of the
Under two recent cases, this Court held that an order is temporary if either (1) it is entered without prejudice to either party, (2) it states a clear and specific reconvening time in the order and the time interval between the two hearings was reasonably brief; or (3) the order does not determine all the issues. Id.; Lamond v. Mahoney, 159 N.C. App. 400, 403, 583 S.E.2d 656, 659 (2003) (citing Brewer v. Brewer, 139 N.C. App. 222, 228, 533 S.E.2d 541, 546 (2000)).
In the case at bar, the order stated that it was entered “without prejudice to either party.” Thus, under LaValley, this language was “sufficient to support a determination the Order was temporary.” LaValley, 151 N.C. App. at 292, 564 S.E.2d at 915.
Nonetheless, LaValley and Brewer further provide that where neither party sets the matter for a hearing within a reasonable time, the “temporary” order is converted into a final order. Brewer v. Brewer, 139 N.C. App. 222, 228, 533 S.E.2d 541, 546 (2000); LaValley, 151 N.C. App. at 292-93, 564 S.E.2d at 915. In LaValley, this Court explained the reasonableness of the time “must be addressed on a case-by-case basis” but held that under the facts present in LaValley, twenty-three months was unreasonable. LaValley, 151 N.C. App. at 293 n.6, 564 S.E.2d at 915 n.6. In Brewer, this Court held “that a year between hearings is too long ‘in a case where there are no unresolved issues. . . .’ ” Lamond, 159 N.C. App. 400, at 403-04, 583 S.E.2d at 659 (quoting Brewer, 139 N.C. App. at 228, 533 S.E.2d at 546).
In this case, while plaintiff asserts the twenty-month period between the March 2000 order and the November 2001 filing for modification thereof was not reasonable, the record shows evidence that during that period of time, the parties were negotiating a new arrangement where she would move to Texas and the parties would share joint custody of the children on an alternating two-week basis. When those negotiations broke down, defendant sought a modification of the temporary custody order. In light of these facts, we hold that plaintiff has failed to show that the delay of twenty months in filing the motion for change of custody was unreasonable. Accordingly, we uphold the trial court’s determination that the March 2000 temporary order did not convert into a permanent order.
Moreover, again laboring under the assumption that the March 2000 temporary consent order converted into a final order, plaintiff asserts the trial court did not place the burden on defendant to prove a substantial change in circumstances. We disagree. Evidence supporting the findings was brought forth by defendant, and the trial court stated that based on the evidence and findings, a substantial change in circumstances occurred. The burden was placed on defendant, and the trial court found defendant met her burden. Therefore, even if the March 2000 order had converted into a final order, the trial court nevertheless found a substantial change in circumstances occurred, as required for custody modification. Thus, while we uphold the trial court’s determination that the March 2002 order was a temporary order under which the standard of the best interest of the children applied, we further note that in this case, the order would withstand the greater burden of showing a change of circumstances even if it had converted into a permanent order.
Plaintiff next asserts that there was insufficient evidence to show that contact between his minor son A.J. was detrimental to the minor children. The record shows that A. J. reportedly sexually abused one
“In a custody proceeding, the trial court’s findings of fact are conclusive on appeal if there is evidence to support them, even though the evidence might sustain findings to the contrary.” Rosero v. Blake, 193 N.C. 193, 209, 581 S.E.2d 41, 51 (2003) (quoting Owenby v. Young, 357 N.C. 142, 147, 579 S.E.2d 264, 268 (2003). The court found a history of abuse between A.J. and one of the minor children. This finding is amply supported by defendant’s exhibits containing the initial report of abuse. The trial court further found as fact the plaintiff did not recognize the seriousness of the abusive incidents, its impact on his younger child, or the impact on that child of living with his abuser. Plaintiff’s testimony supports this finding.
Plaintiff also asserts the court did not properly weigh defendant’s extramarital affairs and the fact the children were thriving with plaintiff. However, in child custody determinations the weight of the evidence is within the province of the trial court, this Court’s review is limited to abuse of discretion, and we find none. Blackley v. Blackley, 285 N.C. 358, 362, 204 S.E.2d 678, 681 (1974).
Plaintiff next asserts the trial court erred in failing to make a finding of fact that North Carolina is the children’s home state. The June 2002 order does not contain an explicit finding that North Carolina is the home state, however, the court made findings of fact which support the conclusion that North Carolina is the home state. Foley v. Foley, 156 N.C. App. 409, 413, 576 S.E.2d 383, 386 (2003) (atrial court
Finally, plaintiff moved, pursuant to Rule 59 and 60 of the North Carolina Rules of Civil Procedure, for the trial court to stay the June 2002 order or grant a new trial on the basis that “[a]lmost all of the evidence regarding the best interests of the children including recent events and concerning current status of the children is in Texas and/ or was not presented to this court.” The trial court denied this motion finding plaintiff had presented evidence in the form of both testimony of witnesses and exhibits at the hearing in April 2002, and made no objection or motion to continue with regard to his ability to present evidence from Texas. Review of plaintiff’s motions is strictly for abuse of discretion, requiring this court to find “ ‘there was a substantial miscarriage of justice or that the decision is manifestly unsupported by reason.’ ” Hooper v. Pizzagalli Construction Co., 112 N.C. App. 400, 407-08, 436 S.E.2d 145, 150 (1993) (rule 60); Ollo v. Mills, 136 N.C. App. 618, 624, 525 S.E.2d 213, 217 (2000) (Rule 59). Since we find the trial court’s decision to deny plaintiff’s motions was not manifestly unsupported by reason, we overrule this assignment of error.
In conclusion, we find that the trial court properly awarded custody to defendant under the best interest of the children standard. Moreover, even if the March 2000 temporary order had converted into a final order because of an unreasonable delay in filing the motion for change of custody, we would still hold that the trial court alternatively, albeit unnecessarily, found a substantial change in circumstances occurred. Since the trial court’s findings of fact are amply supported by the evidence, they are conclusive on appeal. Accordingly, the order of the trial court is,
. Plaintiff testified that he believed that defendant’s emotional abuse of A.J. during the summer of 1998 when he lived with them caused A.J. to molest his step-brother, and that he was not as concerned about the event as defendant was, who demanded that A.J. be sent back to live with his mother following defendant’s discovery of the abuse. Plaintiff testified that since defendant was no longer present to emotionally abuse A.J. he was not concerned about having A.J. live with him, although he admitted he would not let A.J. be alone with his step-brother.