In re: K.C.Â

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF NORTH CAROLINA
No. COA17-1079
Filed: 6 March 2018
Clay County, No. 16-JT-25
IN THE MATTER OF: K.C., A Minor Child.
Appeal by respondent from judgment entered 5 July 2017 by Judge Roy J.
Wijewickrama in District Court, Clay County. Heard in the Court of Appeals 22
February 2018.
James L. Blomeley, Jr., for petitioner-appellee.
Assistant Appellate Defender J. Lee Gilliam, for respondent-appellant.
STROUD Judge.
Respondent appeals from a judgment terminating her parental rights to her
minor child. Because this Court’s reversal of the trial court’s 2015 order terminating
respondent’s parental rights based upon a petition filed in 2014 does not control the
order on appeal, which was entered based upon a new petition for termination and
based upon events during the six months next preceding the filing of the 2016
petition, the trial court’s order does not violate the “law of the case” doctrine as argued
by respondent. We therefore affirm.
The background of this case can be found in the opinion issued at In re K.C., __
N.C. App. __, 805 S.E.2d 299 (2016) (“K.C. I”) wherein this Court concluded the
IN RE: K.C.
Opinion of the Court
district court erred when it terminated mother’s parental rights to her son Karl1 on
the basis of neglect by abandonment. About six months after issuance of the opinion
reversing the 2015 termination, on 16 November 2016, father filed a new petition to
terminate respondent’s parental rights. See generally id. Following a hearing, the
trial court entered judgment on 5 July 2017 terminating respondent’s parental rights
after adjudicating the existence of abandonment under North Carolina General
Statute § 7B-1111(a)(7). Respondent appeals.
Respondent does not argue that the findings of facts regarding abandonment
are not supported by the evidence, but instead argues that this Court’s earlier
reversal of the trial court’s 2015 termination order based upon abandonment
constitutes the law of the case such that the trial court could not again conclude that
respondent abandoned Karl based at least in part upon her failure to visit with Karl.
But “the law of the case doctrine does not apply when the evidence presented at a
subsequent proceeding is different from that presented on a former appeal.” Bank of
America, N.A. v. Rice, __ N.C. App. __, __, 780 S.E.2d 873, 880 (2015) (citation and
quotation marks omitted).
Petitioner filed a new petition for termination of parental rights six months
after the filing of this Court’s opinion reversing the 2015 order. See generally K.C. I,
__ N.C. App. ___, 805 S.E.2d 299. Since the hearing on the first petition was held in
1 A pseudonym is used to protect the identity of the juvenile and for ease of reading.
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IN RE: K.C.
Opinion of the Court
May of 2015, see id. at ___, 805 S.E.2d at 300, a year and a half had elapsed after the
first hearing until the filing of the second petition. The new petition alleges:
As of the date of filing of this petition, the Respondent, the
mother of the child, has willfully abandoned the child for
at least six consecutive months immediately preceding the
filing of this petition, by withholding her presence, her love,
her care, and failing to take any opportunity to display
maternal affection, as set forth in G.S. 7B-1111(a)(7),
including, but not limited to, the following particulars[.]
The “particulars” alleged in part that respondent “has not asked to see the child since
April 10, 2014” nor has she sent letters, gifts, or any other communication since then.
The petition also listed respondent’s few visits to see the child since 2012, the most
recent being 12 October 2013.
Here, the trial court necessarily made some findings related to events that
took place prior to the filing of the first petition to terminate parental rights in 2014;
obviously, the child’s date of birth and history leading up to the first petition’s filing
had not changed. But in the order on appeal, the district court made several
unchallenged findings of fact about events occurring after the filing of the first
petition. One finding is that respondent had not visited or spoken with Karl since
2013; although this time period – since 2013 – includes 2014, it also includes all of
the time after the filing of the 2014 petition up to the filing of the new petition in
2016. In addition, the trial court found that respondent has not sent Karl any cards
or gifts, and respondent has not contacted family members to ask about Karl. The
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IN RE: K.C.
Opinion of the Court
trial court ultimately found respondent “has willfully abandoned the minor child for
a period of at least six consecutive months immediately preceding the filing of this
petition, by withholding her presence, her love, her care and failing to take any
opportunity to display maternal affection, as set forth in G.S. 7B-1111 (a)(7).”
(Emphasis added.) Although respondent’s failure to visit with or communicate with
the child continued from 2013 until the filing of the second petition (and even
thereafter), the prior opinion of this Court does not mean that respondent is immune
from termination of her parental rights based upon abandonment for the rest of the
child’s minority even if she never seeks to see him or communicate with him again.
In this Court’s first opinion, we noted the trial court’s findings regarding the
reason for respondent’s failure to visit:
[Respondent] also requested in April 2014 to visit with
Karl, but this request was denied based on the decision of
Karl’s therapist. These actions are not consistent with
abandonment as defined under North Carolina law.
Furthermore, the fact that Respondent did not visit
Karl between 10 April 2014 and the 4 May 2015 hearing
cannot be taken as evidence of abandonment. The trial
court’s findings indicate that Respondent was denied
visitation during that period because “the Petitioner
declined her request on the grounds that the child’s
therapist determined that visits should be suspended
indefinitely . . . .” Thus, this lack of contact was not
voluntary and therefore cannot support a finding that
Respondent intended to abandon Karl. See In re T.C.B.,
166 N.C. App. 482, 486–87, 602 S.E.2d 17, 20 (2004)
(holding that trial court’s conclusion of abandonment was
not supported by its findings regarding lack of visits given
that respondent’s attorney instructed him not to have any
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IN RE: K.C.
Opinion of the Court
contact with child and subsequent protection plan
disallowed visitation).
Id. at ___, 805 S.E.2d at 301-02 (emphasis added).
Even if respondent’s reason for failing to visit with the child prior to the
hearing in the 2014 termination action was the therapist’s recommendation, there is
no finding of fact in the order on appeal regarding respondent’s reasons for her
continued failure to visit or contact the child in the six months prior to the filing of
the new petition in 2016. Despite reversal of the 2015 order terminating her parental
rights – which essentially gave respondent a second chance to assert her rights as a
parent – she still did not have even minimal contact with the child. The trial court
made unchallenged findings of fact that petitioner has had the same cell phone
number since 2006, and this number was the primary way respondent had contacted
him in the past. In addition, the trial court found that respondent had in the past
contacted the paternal grandmother, but she has “not done so in several years.” The
trial court also found that petitioner had the same “home phone number for over three
years” but respondent did not call at that number either. Respondent also did not
appear at the hearing of this matter, although her counsel had advised her several
times, in writing and by telephone, of the court date and advised her “that she needed
to be present.” There was no evidence and no finding of fact that petitioner prevented
respondent from having contact with the child since 2014.
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IN RE: K.C.
Opinion of the Court
The operative facts supporting the trial court’s conclusion of abandonment
were based upon the six months immediately preceding the filing of the 2016 petition.
Although the history of the child and actions of the respondent prior to the filing of
the 2014 petition is the same as it was in 2014, time does not stand still. The law of
the case doctrine does not prevent termination of respondent’s parental rights based
upon her abandonment during the six months next preceding the filing of the second
petition. See Bank of America, N.A. at __, 780 S.E.2d at 880. Respondent has not
presented any other issues for this Court’s review. We affirm the trial court’s
termination judgment.
AFFIRMED.
Chief Judge McGEE and Judge BRYANT concur.
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