In re: I.R.L.

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF NORTH CAROLINA
No. COA18-427
Filed: 15 January 2019
Robeson County, No. 17 JT 76
IN THE MATTER OF: I.R.L.
Appeal by Respondent-Father from order entered 12 February 2018 by Judge
Herbert Richardson in Robeson County District Court. Heard in the Court of Appeals
6 December 2018.
Jennifer A. Clay for Petitioner-Appellee Mother.
Richard Croutharmel for Respondent-Appellant Father.
DILLON, Judge.
This appeal arises from a termination of parental rights action between two
parents. Respondent-father (“Father”) appeals from the trial court’s order
terminating his parental rights to the minor child, I.R.L. (“Ivey”).1 We hold that
Father did not receive sufficient notice that his parental rights were subject to
termination and that the trial court failed to make sufficient findings of fact and
conclusions of law regarding the willfulness of Father’s conduct. Therefore, we
reverse and remand to the trial court.
I. Background
1 A pseudonym is used to protect the juvenile’s privacy and for ease of reading.
IN RE: I.R.L.
Opinion of the Court
Petitioner-mother (“Mother”) and Father were in a relationship, but not
married, when Ivey was born in February 2014. The parties lived together from
January 2015 until 31 March 2015, when Father forced Mother to leave the home
with Ivey. Mother has had sole custody of Ivey since her birth.
In April 2016, Mother obtained a domestic violence protective order (“DVPO”)
against Father. According to the DVPO, on 18 March 2016, Father went to Mother’s
home late at night unannounced, banged on her door, and threatened to kill her.
Father assaulted Mother by hitting and choking her. The DVPO was in effect for one
year, until April 2017. The DVPO ordered Father not to have any contact with
Mother, but did not forbid contact with any minor children residing with her.
In March 2017, one month before the DVPO was set to expire, Father filed a
pro se civil complaint for visitation with Ivey. That same day, Mother filed a petition
to terminate Father’s parental rights to Ivey alleging the grounds of failure to
establish paternity, failure to pay support, and abandonment. See N.C. Gen. Stat. §
7B-1111(a)(5), (4), and (7) (2017). Mother alleged Father had not contacted or seen
Ivey since March 2015 and had not paid any financial support.
In February 2018, following a hearing on the matter, the trial court entered an
order terminating Father’s parental rights to Ivey, concluding that Father had failed
to pay child support and had abandoned Ivey and that termination of Father’s
parental rights was in Ivey’s best interests. Father timely appealed.
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IN RE: I.R.L.
Opinion of the Court
II. Standard of Review
We review a trial court’s termination of parental rights “to determine whether
clear, cogent, and convincing evidence exists to support the court’s findings of fact,
and whether the findings of fact support the court’s conclusions of law.” In re C.J.H.,
240 N.C. App. 489, 497, 772 S.E.2d 82, 88 (2015). When the trial court’s findings of
fact “are supported by ample, competent evidence, they are binding on appeal, even
though there may be evidence to the contrary.” In re Williamson, 91 N.C. App. 668,
674, 373 S.E.2d 317, 320 (1988). We review the trial court’s conclusions of law de
novo. See In re S.N., 194 N.C. App. 142, 146, 669 S.E.2d 55, 59 (2008) (citation
omitted), aff’d per curiam, 363 N.C. 368, 677 S.E.2d 455 (2009).
III. Analysis
On appeal, Father argues that the trial court erred in two ways: (1) in
concluding that his actions, or lack thereof, amounted to abandonment of Ivey, and
(2) in concluding that his parental rights were subject to termination based on his
alleged willful failure to pay child support.
A. Abandonment
Father argues the trial court erred by concluding his parental rights were
subject to termination based on the ground of abandonment. More specifically,
Father argues that the evidence and findings failed to show his lack of contact was
willful in order to support a finding that this ground existed. We agree.
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IN RE: I.R.L.
Opinion of the Court
A trial court may terminate parental rights when “[t]he parent has willfully
abandoned the juvenile for at least six consecutive months immediately preceding the
filing of the petition or motion.” N.C. Gen. Stat. § 7B-1111(a)(7) (2017).
Abandonment is “a willful determination to forego all parental duties and relinquish
all parental claims to the child.” In re Young, 346 N.C. 244, 251, 485 S.E.2d 612, 617
(1997). “[I]f a parent withholds his presence, his love, his care, the opportunity to
display filial affection, and willfully neglects to lend support and maintenance, such
parent relinquishes all parental claims and abandons the child.” Pratt v. Bishop, 257
N.C. 486, 501, 126 S.E.2d 597, 608 (1962).
Here, the relevant six month period is 20 September 2016 to 20 March 2017.
The trial court made the following findings regarding the ground of abandonment:
6. That [Father] has not seen the child since March 31,
2015. That he has not visited the child or made any
inquires to [Mother] about the child. [Father] has not
provided any substantial financial support for the child.
...
8. That [Father] never bought the child any birthday
presents or acknowledged the child on [her] birthday.
...
10. That [Father] has made no effort to visit the child even
though he knew where the child was.
...
13 That on April 22, 2016, [Mother] obtained a [DVPO]
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IN RE: I.R.L.
Opinion of the Court
against [Father] for one year.
14. That [Father] filed for visitation on March 20, 2017 in
file 17 CVD 721, Robeson County, North Carolina.
The court then concluded that grounds for termination existed in “[t]hat [Father] has
not seen the child since March 31, 2015. That he has not visited the child or made
any inquiries to [Mother] about the child. [Father] has not provided any substantial
financial support for the child.”
The trial court’s order fails to address the willfulness of Father’s conduct, a
required element under N.C. Gen. Stat. § 7B-1111(a)(4) and (7). In re D.R.B., 182
N.C. App. 733, 738, 643 S.E.2d 77, 80 (2007); see also In re D.M.O., ___ N.C. App. ___,
___, 794 S.E.2d 858, 861 (2016) (“Because ‘[willful] intent is an integral part of
abandonment and . . . is a question of fact to be determined from the evidence[,]’ a
trial court must make adequate evidentiary findings to support its ultimate finding
of willful intent.”). The finding of willfulness was especially important given that the
court found that during the entirety of the relevant six month period, Father was
subject to a DVPO, in which he was ordered to stay away from and have no contact
with Mother, who had custody of Ivey.
Because Ivey was only three years old, any communication with, gifts to, or
requests to visit her would have necessarily been directed to Mother; but the DVPO
specifically prohibited Father from harassing or interfering with Mother and required
him to stay away from her home and workplace. The only way Father could establish
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IN RE: I.R.L.
Opinion of the Court
a way to see Ivey or communicate with her, without the risk of violating the DVPO,
was to obtain a custody order establishing his visitation rights. Father did file a
complaint seeking visitation with Ivey in March 2017, before the DVPO expired.
While the DVPO did not prevent Father from providing financial support to Ivey, it
did effectively prevent him from visiting, or trying to visit, Ivey as contact or
communication with Mother was prohibited.
Without a finding of willfulness, we conclude that the trial court failed to enter
adequate findings of fact and conclusions of law to demonstrate that grounds existed
pursuant to N.C. Gen. Stat. § 7B-1111(a)(7) to terminate Father’s parental rights.
See In re T.M.H., 186 N.C. App. 451, 455-56, 652 S.E.2d 1, 3 (vacating the trial court’s
termination order and remanding where the order did not contain a finding that the
respondent’s abandonment of the juvenile was willful), disc. review denied, 362 N.C.
87, 657 S.E.2d 31 (2007).
B. Failure to Pay Child Support
Father also argues that the trial court erred in concluding that his parental
rights were subject to termination based on his willful failure to pay child support
because the evidence and findings failed to support this ground. We agree.
A trial court may terminate a parent’s parental rights when
[o]ne parent has been awarded custody of the juvenile by
judicial decree or has custody by agreement of the parents,
and the other parent whose parental rights are sought to
be terminated has for a period of one year or more next
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IN RE: I.R.L.
Opinion of the Court
preceding the filing of the petition or motion willfully failed
without justification to pay for the care, support, and
education of the juvenile, as required by the decree or
custody agreement.
N.C. Gen. Stat. § 7B-1111(a)(4) (2017) (emphasis added). “In a termination action
pursuant to [Section 7B-1111(a)(4) of our General Statutes], petitioner must prove
the existence of a support order that was enforceable during the year before the
termination petition was filed.” In re Roberson, 97 N.C. App. 277, 281, 387 S.E.2d
668, 670 (1990).
Here, while both parties testified that a child support order was entered in
December 2014 ordering father to pay $50.00 per month in child support, the trial
court’s termination order is devoid of any findings indicating that a child support
order existed or that Father failed to pay support “as required by” the child support
order. Accordingly, the trial court’s findings are insufficient to support a conclusion
that Father’s parental rights were subject to termination pursuant to N.C. Gen. Stat.
§ 7B-1111(a)(4).
Further, the trial court could not terminate Father’s parental rights based on
this ground because the petition was insufficient to put Father on notice that his
parental rights were subject to termination pursuant to N.C. Gen. Stat. § 7B-
1111(a)(4). See In re B.L.H., 190 N.C. App. 142, 147, 660 S.E.2d 255, 258, aff’d per
curiam, 362 N.C. 674, 669 S.E.2d 320 (2008) (“[W]here a respondent lacks notice of a
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IN RE: I.R.L.
Opinion of the Court
possible ground for termination, it is error for the trial court to conclude such a
ground exists.”).
In her petition to terminate Father’s parental rights, Mother did not allege a
“willful” failure to pay support as required by a support or custody agreement.
Mother alleged only that Father “[h]as failed to provide substantial financial support
or consistent care for the minor child[.]” The petition makes no reference to the
specific statutory ground of N.C. Gen. Stat. § 7B-1111(a)(4) and the petition is entirely
silent as to whether a judicial decree or support order required Father to pay for Ivey’s
care or support. The petition also fails to include any allegations asserting Father’s
failure to pay was willful.
An allegation that a parent failed “to provide financial support or consistent
care” may be an assertion under the ground of abandonment. See In re C.J.H., 240
N.C. App. at 504, 772 S.E.2d at 92 (affirming termination of the respondent-father’s
parental rights based on abandonment where the trial court found that “during the
relevant six-month period, [the respondent-father] did not visit the juvenile, failed to
pay child support in a timely and consistent manner, and failed to make a good faith
effort to maintain or reestablish a relationship with the juvenile”). Indeed, in its
conclusion of law pertaining to the ground of abandonment, the trial court concluded
that Father “has not provided any substantial financial support for the child.” Thus,
Mother’s bare allegation in the petition that Father “failed to provide substantial
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IN RE: I.R.L.
Opinion of the Court
financial support or consistent care” is insufficient to put Father on notice that his
parental rights could be terminated pursuant to N.C. Gen. Stat. § 7B-1111(a)(4), and
this ground cannot serve as a basis to terminate Father’s parental rights. Accordingly
we reverse the portion of the trial court’s order concluding this ground existed.
IV. Conclusion
We vacate the trial court’s order and remand the matter to the trial court with
instructions to make appropriate findings as to the willfulness of Father’s conduct
regarding abandonment. On remand, we leave to the discretion of the trial court
whether to hear additional evidence. In re T.M.H., 186 N.C. App. at 456, 652 S.E.2d
at 3. We reverse the portion of the order concluding that grounds existed to terminate
Father’s parental rights based on his failure to pay support.
REVERSED IN PART; VACATED AND REMANDED IN PART.
Judges STROUD and BERGER concur.
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