Simmons v. City of Greensboro

An unpublished opinion of the North Carolina Court of Appeals does not constitute
controlling legal authority. Citation is disfavored, but may be permitted in accordance
with the provisions of Rule 30(e)(3) of the North Carolina Rules of Appellate Procedure.
NO. COA13-1065
NORTH CAROLINA COURT OF APPEALS
Filed: 1 April 2014
CELESTINE L. SIMMONS,
Plaintiff
v. Guilford County
No. 12 CVS 10339
CITY OF GREENSBORO,
HOUSING AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
(HCD) DEPARTMENT,
CITY ATTORNEY, MUJEEB SHAH-KHAN,
CITY MANAGER, DENISE TURNER-ROTH,
Defendants.
Appeal by plaintiff Celestine L. Simmons from order entered
16 April 2013 by Judge A. Moses Massey in Guilford County
Superior Court. Heard in the Court of Appeals 3 February 2014.
Celestine L. Simmons, pro se, for plaintiff-appellant.
Greensboro City Attorney’s Office, by Becky Jo Peterson-
Buie, for defendants-appellees.
HUNTER, JR., Robert N., Judge.
Celestine L. Simmons (“Plaintiff”) appeals from a 16 April
2013 order granting a motion to dismiss under N.C. R. Civ. P.
12(b)(1), (2), and (6) in favor of the City of Greensboro and
the City of Greensboro Housing and Community Development
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Department (“HCD”) (collectively “Defendants”). Upon review, we
affirm.
I. Facts & Procedural History
Plaintiff filed a complaint in Guilford County Superior
Court on 5 November 2012 alleging financial, economic, and
emotional damages stemming from the disposition of her property
at 919 Pearson Street in Greensboro. Plaintiff requested relief
under N.C. Gen. Stat. § 143-291 (2013), Article 31 (commonly
referred to as the “Tort Claims Act”), and sought a monetary
judgment against the City of Greensboro “as a result of the
negligence of [its] officer, employee, involuntary servant or
agent of the State.” The complaint alleged that Defendants were
negligent and Plaintiff was entitled to damages pursuant to N.C.
Gen. Stat. § 143-291. Plaintiff’s complaint alleged the
following facts.
The property at issue is located at 919 Pearson Street in
Greensboro. On 8 September 2003, Plaintiff submitted a Rental
Property Lead Grant Application to the City of Greensboro. At
that time, Plaintiff averred that she owned the respective
property and believed that her name was listed on the deed.
Over the next year, Plaintiff and HCD exchanged the
following communications. Plaintiff received a letter on 12
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December 2003 informing Plaintiff that she must establish
ownership of the property before proceeding. HCD sent Plaintiff
a Rental Property Eligibility Screening Form dated 9 February
2004. Thereafter, Plaintiff discovered that her name was not on
the deed and took steps to have the property deeded in her name.
Plaintiff recorded the deed to 919 Pearson Street on 9 March
2005.
Plaintiff subsequently completed the Eligibility Screening
Form and returned it to HCD via fax on 10 March 2005. Plaintiff
then received a Tenant Information Form dated 6 April 2005,
which she returned on 8 April 2005. Plaintiff next received a
Greensboro Lead Safe Housing Program Application Approval
Notification on 14 April 2005. On 25 May 2005, HCD sent
Plaintiff a Summary Notice of Lead-Based Paint Risk Assessment
and two sets of the Comprehensive XRF Lead-Based Paint
Inspection & Risk Assessment Report regarding Plaintiff’s
property at 919 Pearson Street. Plaintiff then contacted HCD
staff members multiple times to schedule a work write-up
inspection for the property, but the inspection was never
scheduled.
In August 2005, Plaintiff was notified of Greensboro
Minimum Housing Code violations concerning the property at 919
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Pearson Street. From August 2005 until November 2008, Plaintiff
attended multiple meetings of the Greensboro Minimum Housing
Standards Commission regarding the condition of her property.
Nevertheless, the Greensboro Minimum Housing Standards
Commission entered an Order to Repair or Demolish the property
at 919 Pearson Street.
Plaintiff’s property was later evaluated by the City and
its affiliates on multiple occasions. The property was
evaluated twice by the HCD Loan Committee. The property was
also separately evaluated by the City of Greensboro’s outside
adjustment company, a city-appointed mediator, and the City of
Greensboro Legal Department. Ultimately, Plaintiff accepted the
City of Greensboro’s offer to purchase the property at 919
Pearson Street for its appraised value of $13,000. In addition,
the City extended Plaintiff a $22,500 non-negotiable settlement
offer for all claims involving the 919 Pearson Street property.
Plaintiff did not respond to the City’s settlement offer within
the time it was available to her.
Defendants moved to dismiss Plaintiff’s claims on 29
November 2012. The matter came on for hearing before Guilford
County Superior Court Judge A. Moses Massey on 19 March 2013.
The trial court entered an order granting Defendants’ motion to
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dismiss on 16 April 2013. Written notice of appeal was timely
filed by Plaintiff on 26 April 2013.
II. Jurisdiction and Standard of Review
Jurisdiction lies in this Court pursuant to N.C. Gen. Stat.
§ 7A–27(b) (2013) as Plaintiff appeals from a final order of the
superior court as a matter of right.
The first issue on appeal is whether the trial court
properly granted Defendants’ motion to dismiss for lack of
subject matter jurisdiction. A motion to dismiss for lack of
subject matter jurisdiction is reviewed by this Court de novo.
Burgess v. Burgess, 205 N.C. App. 325, 327, 698 S.E.2d 666, 668
(2010) (citing Harper v. City of Asheville, 160 N.C. App. 209,
215, 585 S.E.2d 240, 244 (2003)). When a trial court reviews a
motion to dismiss for lack of subject matter jurisdiction and
confines its evaluation to the pleadings, it must accept the
allegations in the complaint as true and construe them in a
light most favorable to the Plaintiff. Smith v. Privette, 128
N.C. App. 490, 493, 495 S.E.2d 395, 397 (1998); see also Johnson
v. Antioch United Holy Church, Inc., 214 N.C. App. 507, 510, 714
S.E.2d 806, 809 (2011).
“Under the de novo standard of review, this Court
‘considers the matter anew and freely substitutes its own
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judgment for that of the [trial court].’” Burgess, 205 N.C.
App. at 327, 698 S.E.2d at 668 (quoting In re Appeal of the
Greens of Pine Glen Ltd. P’ship, 356 N.C. 642, 647, 576 S.E.2d
316, 319 (2003)) (alteration in original). Because this issue
is dispositive, we do not consider the remaining issues on
appeal.
III. Analysis
In this case, Plaintiff specifically alleges that she is
asserting her claims against the City of Greensboro and HCD
pursuant to N.C. Gen. Stat. § 143-291, the Tort Claims Act,
which creates authority in the North Carolina Industrial
Commission to review “tort claims against the State Board of
Education, the Board of Transportation, and all other
departments, institutions and agencies of the State.” N.C. Gen.
Stat. § 143-291(a). Therefore, only agencies of the State are
subject to liability under the statute. Wirth v. Bracey, 258
N.C. 505, 507, 128 S.E.2d 810, 813 (1963) (“The only claim
authorized by the Tort Claims Act is a claim against the State
agency.”); see also Frazier v. Murray, 135 N.C. App. 43, 47, 519
S.E.2d 525, 528 (1999) (“The Tort Claims Act embraces only
claims against state agencies.”).
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Here, neither the City of Greensboro nor HCD is an agency
of the State. Rather, under North Carolina law, a “city” is “a
municipal corporation organized under the laws of this State.”
N.C. Gen. Stat. § 160A-1(2) (2013). Thus, the Tort Claims Act
does not authorize claims against cities or departments thereof.
See Yow v. Asheboro Police Department, I.C. No. TA-22337, 2012
WL 2339107 (2012) (dismissing Plaintiff’s claim under the Tort
Claims Act against the City of Asheboro).
Further, the Tort Claims Act does not grant jurisdiction to
hear such claims in Superior Court. Subject matter jurisdiction
of claims under the Tort Claims Act is “within the exclusive and
original jurisdiction of the Industrial Commission” and “not
within the jurisdiction of the Superior Court.” Guthrie v. N.C.
State Ports Auth., 307 N.C. 522, 540, 299 S.E.2d 618, 628
(1983).
As the trial court lacked subject matter jurisdiction to
hear Plaintiff’s asserted claim in this case, granting
Defendants’ 12(b)(1) motion was proper and we affirm the trial
court. Because the trial court properly dismissed Plaintiff’s
case under Rule 12(b)(1), we do not address the remaining issues
on appeal.
IV. Conclusion
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For the reasons stated above, the decision of the trial
court is
AFFIRMED.
Chief Judge MARTIN and Judge ELMORE concur.
Report per Rule 30(e).