Schempp-Cook v. Cook

ERICKSTAD, Chief Justice.

Margaret Schempp-Cook appeals from an order of the district court awarding visitation between Margaret’s minor daughter, Theresa, and her paternal grandparents, Pat and Caroline Cook. We reverse and remand.

Margaret and James Cook were married in May 1984 and were divorced in December 1986. Margaret received custody of the couple’s only child, Theresa. James was awarded visitation, but following Margaret’s allegations that James sexually abused Theresa, the court restricted James to supervised visitation.

During August 1989, James’ parents, Pat and Caroline, filed a motion for grandparent visitation under Section 14-09-05.1, N.D.C.C. Following a hearing, the trial court granted their motion for visitation, awarding them one weekend visitation each month. These visitations were restricted by the court so Theresa would not have “personal or telephone contact” with James during the visitations and the grandparents were also ordered to “not participate in or permit any discussions” with Theresa “concerning the recent allegations of possible abuse or sexual molestation.”

Margaret asserts that the visitation order should be reversed because the trial court did not make findings required under Section 14-09-05.1, N.D.C.C., which provides in relevant part:

“The grandparents and great grandparents of an unmarried minor may be granted reasonable visitation rights to the minor during the period of minority by the district court upon a finding that visitation would be in the best interests of the minor and would not interfere with the parent-child relationship.”

The statute expressly requires the court, as a prerequisite to awarding grandparent visitation, to determine whether or not the visitation would be in the best interests of the child and whether or not the visitation would interfere with the parent-child relationship. The statute requires express findings be made by the trial court on these matters, and we agree with Margaret that the district court failed to make the necessary findings.

Counsel for the grandparents asserts that the district court was not required to make findings because of the following language of Rule 52(a), N.D.R.Civ.P.:

“Findings of fact and conclusions of law are unnecessary on decisions of motions under Rules 12 or 56 or any other motion except as provided in Rule 41(b).”

A well-settled rule of statutory construction is that a specific provision governs over a more general provision. See Matter of Estate of Tuntland, 364 N.W.2d 513 (N.D.1985). Although as a general principle Rule 52(a), N.D.R.Civ.P., does not require findings of fact on motion decisions, Section 14-09-05.1, N.D.C.C., specifically requires the district court to find that grandparent visitation would be in the best interests of the child and would not interfere with the parent-child relationship, as a prerequisite to awarding grandparent visitation.

Our court has authority under Art. VI, § 3, of the North Dakota Constitution, to promulgate “rules of procedure” to be followed by all the courts of this state. When the issue could be said to involve a matter that entwines procedure with substantive law, we will respect the clearly expressed intent of the Legislature when to do so will not compromise or unreasonably impede justice.

After the hearing the court made the following revealing remarks from the bench:

“[THE COURT:] I think it is unrealistic to insulate Theresa from her grandparents .... I think that the Cooks deserve to see their granddaughter develop.... And, Margaret, I ask your understanding of this. You probably are not happy but I feel it is compelling for me to do this. I think any other decision would be inflicting cruelty. The grandparents have a right to visit children under our statutes....”

The trial court’s determination on visitation is a finding of fact that will not be overturned on appeal unless it is clearly erroneous. Quirk v. Swanson, 368 N.W.2d 557 (N.D.1985). The trial court did not make findings as required under Section 14-09-05.1, N.D.C.C., and the record does not reveal to what extent, if any, the district court considered whether grandparent visitation would be in Theresa’s best interests or whether grandparent visitation would interfere with the parent-child relationship.

The parties are entitled to a determination by the trial court which is based upon a proper application of the law. Thus, we reverse the trial court’s order and remand for a redetermination with proper findings in accordance with Section 14-09-05.1, N.D. C.C.

LEVINE, J., VERNON R. PEDERSON, Surrogate Judge, and GORDON 0. HOBERG, District Judge, concur. VERNON R. PEDERSON, Surrogate Judge, and GORDON 0. HOBERG, District Judge, sitting in place of GIERKE and MESCHKE, JJ., ' disqualified.