State v. Berney

Nebraska Advance Sheets
STATE v. BERNEY 377
Cite as 288 Neb. 377
CONCLUSION
We find no error in the county court’s disposition of the
various objections raised by the beneficiaries of the estate. The
order of the county court overruling the beneficiaries’ objec-
tions and ordering FNTC to proceed with the proposed distri-
bution of the estate is affirmed.
Affirmed.
Wright, J., not participating.
State of Nebraska, appellee, v.
Matthew Berney, appellant.
___ N.W.2d ___
Filed June 20, 2014. Nos. S-13-829, S-13-830.
1. Sentences: Appeal and Error. An appellate court will not disturb a sen-
tence imposed within the statutory limits absent an abuse of discretion by the
trial court.
2. Statutes: Appeal and Error. Statutory interpretation presents a question
of law, which an appellate court reviews independently of the lower court’s
determination.
3. Judges: Words and Phrases. A judicial abuse of discretion exists when the
reasons or rulings of a trial judge are clearly untenable, unfairly depriving
a litigant of a substantial right and denying just results in matters submitted
for disposition.
4. Sentences. Generally, it is within a trial court’s discretion to direct that sentences
imposed for separate crimes be served either concurrently or consecutively.
5. ____. Unless prohibited by statute or unless the sentencing court states otherwise
when it pronounces the sentences, multiple sentences imposed at the same time
run concurrently with each other.
Appeals from the District Court for Douglas County: Shelly
R. Stratman, Judge. Affirmed in part, and in part remanded for
resentencing.
Thomas C. Riley, Douglas County Public Defender, and
John P. Ashford for appellant.
Jon Bruning, Attorney General, and Nathan A. Liss for
appellee.
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378 288 NEBRASKA REPORTS
Wright, Connolly, Stephan, McCormack, Miller-Lerman,
and Cassel JJ.
Wright, J.
NATURE OF CASE
Matthew Berney pled no contest to two counts of burglary.
The district court held a habitual criminal enhancement hear-
ing under Neb. Rev. Stat. § 29-2221 (Reissue 2008) and deter-
mined Berney to be a habitual criminal. He was sentenced to a
term of 10 to 10 years’ imprisonment for each conviction, and
the court ordered the terms be served consecutively. Berney
appeals, arguing that the court imposed excessive sentences
and abused its discretion by imposing consecutive mandatory
minimum sentences on the enhanced convictions. We affirm
his convictions and his sentences of 10 to 10 years’ imprison-
ment for each conviction, but we remand the cause for a deter-
mination by the sentencing court whether the sentences are to
be served concurrently or consecutively.
SCOPE OF REVIEW
[1] An appellate court will not disturb a sentence imposed
within the statutory limits absent an abuse of discretion by
the trial court. State v. Castillas, 285 Neb. 174, 826 N.W.2d
255 (2013).
[2] Statutory interpretation presents a question of law,
which an appellate court reviews independently of the lower
court’s determination. State v. Smith, 286 Neb. 77, 834 N.W.2d
799 (2013).
FACTS
On April 22, 2013, as part of a plea agreement, Berney
pled no contest to two counts of burglary. On August 28, the
district court held a habitual criminal enhancement hearing. It
received evidence that Berney had at least two felony convic-
tions, had served a minimum prison sentence of 1 year with
the Nebraska Department of Correctional Services, and was
represented by counsel during the prior proceedings. The court
found that the prior convictions met the criteria of § 29-2221
for being a habitual criminal. It then found Berney to be a
habitual criminal.
Nebraska Advance Sheets
STATE v. BERNEY 379
Cite as 288 Neb. 377
At sentencing, the district court reviewed a presentence
investigation prepared and submitted by the state probation
office and a sentencing memorandum prepared by Berney’s
counsel. The court heard testimony that Berney had spent
much of his adult life struggling with methamphetamine addic-
tion. Berney’s attorney conveyed a message from Berney’s
mother that drug abuse made him someone his family did not
recognize, but that when he was not on drugs, he tried “to do
good things for other people.” Berney had significant support
at the time of sentencing, including addiction services. He also
showed remorse for his actions.
After allocution, the district court sentenced Berney to a
term of 10 to 10 years’ imprisonment for each burglary convic-
tion. Based on its interpretation of State v. Castillas, supra, the
court concluded it was required to order the sentences to be
served consecutively.
Berney timely appealed the sentences of the district court.
We moved the case to our docket on our own motion. See Neb.
Rev. Stat. § 24-1106(3) (Reissue 2008).
ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR
Berney assigns that the district court erred and abused its
discretion by (1) imposing excessive sentences and (2) impos-
ing mandatory minimum sentences to be served consecutively
on the convictions enhanced by the habitual criminal statute.
ANALYSIS
Court Did Not Abuse Its
Discretion in Sentencing
Berney argues that the district court abused its discretion
in sentencing him to two consecutive sentences of 10 years’
imprisonment, because it did not take into account mitigating
factors that were relevant to him. He argues that the court did
not consider the nonviolent nature of the offenses, that meth-
amphetamine use was a mitigating factor, and that he took
responsibility for his actions. He also argues the court should
have taken into account treatment options that were available.
The State argues that the district court did not abuse its dis-
cretion, because it imposed the absolute minimum sentences
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available. Because Berney was found by the court to be a
habitual criminal, his convictions were punishable by a manda-
tory minimum of 10 years’ imprisonment and a maximum of
60 years’ imprisonment. He was sentenced to 10 to 10 years’
imprisonment for each conviction, and the district court did not
have discretion to impose anything less.
[3] An appellate court will not disturb a sentence imposed
within the statutory limits absent an abuse of discretion by the
trial court. State v. Castillas, 285 Neb. 174, 826 N.W.2d 255
(2013). A judicial abuse of discretion exists when the reasons
or rulings of a trial judge are clearly untenable, unfairly depriv-
ing a litigant of a substantial right and denying just results in
matters submitted for disposition. State v. McGuire, 286 Neb.
494, 837 N.W.2d 767 (2013).
Nebraska’s habitual criminal statute provides:
Whoever has been twice convicted of a crime, sentenced,
and committed to prison, in this or any other state . . . for
terms of not less than one year each shall, upon convic-
tion of a felony committed in this state, be deemed to be a
habitual criminal and shall be punished by imprisonment
. . . for a mandatory minimum term of ten years and a
maximum term of not more than sixty years . . . .
§ 29-2221(1).
The district court determined, after a hearing, that Berney
was a habitual criminal. Based on that determination, the mini-
mum sentence the court could impose was a term of not less
than 10 years. The court imposed a sentence of 10 years for
each burglary conviction. It was not an abuse of discretion to
sentence Berney to a term of 10 to 10 years’ imprisonment for
each burglary conviction.
Mandatory Consecutive
Minimum Sentence
Berney argues that Nebraska law does not require mandatory
minimum sentences for crimes enhanced under the habitual
criminal statute to be served consecutively. He asserts the dis-
trict court improperly concluded that State v. Castillas, supra,
required it to order the sentences be served consecutively. He
argues that the statement in Castillas requiring mandatory
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Cite as 288 Neb. 377
minimum sentences to be imposed consecutively was not ger-
mane to the holding affirming the defendant’s sentences and
therefore does not bind the lower courts. We agree.
In Castillas, the defendant’s crimes, three counts of use of
a deadly weapon to commit a felony, carried mandatory mini-
mum sentences that were required by statute to be served con-
secutively to all other sentences imposed. Berney’s convictions
for burglary did not require a mandatory minimum sentence.
See Neb. Rev. Stat. § 28-507 (Reissue 2008). Berney concedes
that after he was found to be a habitual criminal, the manda-
tory minimum sentence of 10 years had to be imposed for each
burglary conviction. But he asserts that the habitual criminal
statute does not require the sentences to be served consecu-
tively and that, therefore, the court erred as a matter of law in
so concluding.
The State argues that Castillas required all mandatory mini-
mum sentences to be served consecutively regardless of the
statutory language of the offense. It asserts there is no differ-
ence between mandatory minimums that arise out of a specific
offense and mandatory minimums that arise out of a habitual
criminal enhancement. It claims there is no distinction between
crimes which are required by statute to be served consecu-
tively and all other crimes and enhancements that do not state
whether the sentence must be served concurrently or consecu-
tively. We disagree.
In State v. Castillas, 285 Neb. 174, 826 N.W.2d 255 (2013),
we considered the defendant’s claim that the sentence imposed
by the trial court differed from the court’s stated intention at
sentencing. The defendant was convicted of multiple crimes,
including three counts of use of a deadly weapon to commit
a felony under Neb. Rev. Stat. § 28-1205 (Cum. Supp. 2012).
He was sentenced to 5 to 10 years in prison on each conviction
of use of a deadly weapon, as well as being sentenced to 5 to
20 years in prison for each conviction of discharging a firearm
and 5 to 10 years in prison for second degree assault. The court
ordered all sentences to be served consecutively.
When the trial court in Castillas announced the defend­
ant’s sentences, it informed him that he would be eligible
for parole in 25 years. On appeal, the defendant argued that
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based on the requirements for mandatory minimum sentences
for the use of a weapon, and because the court ordered all the
sentences to be served consecutively, he would not be eligible
for parole in 25 years, but, rather, 271⁄2 years. We agreed, but
affirmed his sentences.
In Castillas, our focus was on the calculation to determine
parole eligibility and whether a discrepancy between the trial
court’s intention and the actual sentence imposed resulted in
prejudice to the defendant. We determined that although the
court erred in its mathematical determination of the defendant’s
parole eligibility date, he was not prejudiced, because his sen-
tences were still within the statutory limits.
In Castillas, the defendant’s convictions for use of a deadly
weapon to commit a felony required the trial court to impose
both a mandatory minimum sentence and to order these
sentences to be consecutive to any other sentence imposed.
See § 28-1205(1)(c) and (3) and Neb. Rev. Stat. § 28-105(1)
(Reissue 2008). In our analysis of the actual time the defend­
ant had to serve before he would be eligible for parole, we
had to take into account the mandatory minimums for the
use of a weapon convictions and that the statute required a
mandatory minimum sentence for each conviction for use of
a weapon to be served consecutively to any other sentence
imposed. The court ordered all of the defendant’s sentences
to run consecutively, not just his convictions for use of a
deadly weapon.
When determining the amount of time the defendant in
Castillas would be required to serve before being eligible for
parole, we stated: “Mandatory minimum sentences cannot be
served concurrently. A defendant convicted of multiple counts
each carrying a mandatory minimum sentence must serve the
sentence on each count consecutively.” 285 Neb. at 191, 826
N.W.2d at 268. We were not speaking of enhancements under
the habitual criminal statute, but of those specific crimes that
required a mandatory minimum sentence to be served consecu-
tively to other sentences imposed.
There is a distinction between a conviction for a crime that
requires both a mandatory minimum sentence and mandates
consecutive sentences, and the enhancement of the penalty for
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Cite as 288 Neb. 377
a crime because the defendant is found to be a habitual crimi-
nal. In the former, the mandatory minimum sentence must be
served consecutively to any other sentence imposed, because
the statute for that crime requires it. In the latter, the law does
not require the enhanced penalty to be served consecutively to
any other sentence imposed. The sentence is left to the discre-
tion of the court.
In the case at bar, burglary does not require a manda-
tory minimum sentence. The fact that the punishment was
enhanced under the habitual criminal statute does not require
the enhanced mandatory minimum penalties for such crimes
to be served consecutively. Because the crime of burglary did
not require mandatory minimum sentences, it was error for the
district court to rely upon State v. Castillas, 285 Neb. 174, 826
N.W.2d 255 (2013), as authority that sentences enhanced under
the habitual criminal statute must be served consecutively to
each other.
The defendant in Castillas was convicted of crimes that
carried mandatory minimums which were required by statute
to be served consecutively to all other sentences imposed.
Berney’s convictions for burglary did not require mandatory
minimum sentences, but were enhanced under the habitual
criminal statute. This distinction is important. The habitual
criminal statute requires a mandatory minimum sentence of
10 years. See § 29-2221(1). But nothing in the habitual
criminal statute requires the enhanced sentences to be served
consecutively.
[4,5] Generally, it is within a trial court’s discretion to direct
that sentences imposed for separate crimes be served either
concurrently or consecutively. State v. Policky, 285 Neb. 612,
828 N.W.2d 163 (2013). Unless prohibited by statute or unless
the sentencing court states otherwise when it pronounces the
sentences, multiple sentences imposed at the same time run
concurrently with each other. State v. King, 275 Neb. 899, 750
N.W.2d 674 (2008).
In State v. King, supra, the defendant was convicted of
first degree sexual assault, kidnapping, and robbery. His sen-
tences on these convictions were enhanced under the habitual
criminal statute. He successfully appealed his habitual criminal
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status, and on remand, the trial court sentenced him to a greater
aggregate sentence but a term that would have equaled his
sentence under the habitual criminal statute. In his subsequent
appeal, we concluded that the trial court correctly sentenced
the defendant on resentencing in order to have him serve the
same amount of time in prison as it originally intended. We
stated: “The court was required to impose mandatory mini-
mum terms of 10 years for each felony conviction once it had
found King to be a habitual criminal. But it was not required
to impose consecutive sentences for these offenses.” Id. at 907,
750 N.W.2d at 680.
Statutory interpretation presents a question of law, which
an appellate court reviews independently of the lower court’s
determination. State v. Smith, 286 Neb. 77, 834 N.W.2d 799
(2013). We conclude that the habitual criminal statute does not
require a court to impose the enhanced sentences consecutively
to each other. See State v. King, supra. In the case at bar, the
district court incorrectly concluded that the habitual criminal
statute required the enhanced sentences be served consecu-
tively to each other.
Trial courts have discretion to determine if a sentence will
be served concurrently or consecutively. See State v. Policky,
supra. In the case at bar, the court erroneously concluded that
it was required to impose consecutive sentences on the two bur-
glary convictions that were enhanced by the habitual criminal
statute. Because the court believed it was required to impose
the sentences consecutively, we cannot determine from the
record whether it was the court’s intention to require Berney to
serve two consecutive 10-year sentences or whether, if permit-
ted by law, the court would have ordered Berney’s mandatory
minimum sentences as enhanced to be served concurrently. We
therefore remand the cause to the district court for resentenc-
ing to determine whether the sentences, as enhanced, should be
served concurrently or consecutively.
CONCLUSION
Because the district court found Berney to be a habitual
criminal, it was required to sentence him to a minimum of 10
years’ imprisonment for each burglary conviction. We affirm
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his convictions and the finding that he is a habitual criminal.
We also affirm the sentences of 10 years for each burglary
conviction, as enhanced. However, we remand the cause to
the district court to determine whether the sentences should be
served concurrently or consecutively.
Affirmed in part, and in part
remanded for resentencing.
Heavican, C.J., not participating.