DocketNumber: 29172, 29173, 29174
Citation Numbers: 961 P.2d 143, 114 Nev. 735
Judges: Maupin, Rose, Shearing, Springer, Young
Filed Date: 7/16/1998
Status: Precedential
Modified Date: 8/7/2023
On June 21, 1996, appellants Ramon Martinez, Armando Caceras, Jorge Elierse and three additional co-defendants were charged, in a sixteen-count indictment with racketeering, conspiracy to commit larceny, burglary, grand larceny, possession of stolen property and possession of burglary tools. These charges arose from a conspiracy to steal from Las Vegas tourists and casinos.
Appellants accepted a plea bargain pursuant to which they pled guilty to one count each of attempt racketeering, a crime pursuant to NRS 193.330 and 207.400. The plea agreement provided that the minimum sentence that each defendant could serve was one to four years and the maximum sentence was ten years.
On August 15, 1996, appellants, who are Venezuelan citizens
DISCUSSION
Appellants argue that the district court failed to separately consider each defendant’s personal history and degree of culpability. Appellants argue that the district court sentenced them as a group, in violation of their right to individualized sentencing.
The Eighth Amendment requires that defendants be sentenced individually, taking into account the individual, as well as the charged crime. United States v. Lai, 944 F.2d 1434, 1440 (9th Cir. 1991). Here, the record reveals that the district court conducted a separate sentencing hearing for each defendant, during which it discussed facts unique to each individual. Furthermore, each appellant allegedly participated in a conspiracy to commit the same crimes and pled guilty to the same charge; this fact alone justifies the district court’s decision to impose the same sentence on each defendant. Consequently, appellants’ argument that the district court denied them individualized sentencing lacks merit.
Appellants also argue that at their sentencing hearings, the district court improperly considered their national origin in violation of their due process rights. At the conclusion of Jorge Elierse’s sentencing hearing, the district court stated:
There’s something that heightens the nature of an offense when people come from foreign lands to do offenses in another land. I know if I go to a foreign land and get in trouble there, that I’m in deeper trouble there, that I’m in deeper trouble than if I did it in this country, because of the nature of it. Because governments look unfavorably on people coming from other countries to rip us off in our country. And they know that but they decided to do it anyway.
The sentencing judge is accorded wide discretion in imposing a
We cannot, however, determine from the record whether the district court actually based its sentencing decision on appellants’ nationality. The record reveals that substantial factual evidence supported the district court’s decision to impose the maximum sentence. Nevertheless, the Supreme Court of the United States and numerous Circuit Courts of Appeal have emphasized the importance of not only doing justice, but also insuring that justice “satisfies] the appearance of justice.” United States v. Edwardo-Franco, 885 F.2d 1002, 1005 (2d Cir. 1989) (citing Offut v. United States, 348 U.S. 11, 14 (1954)).
Here, the district court’s remarks go beyond “passing references to the defendant’s nationality or immigrant status.” United States v. Leung, 40 F.3d 577, 587 (2d Cir. 1994). In fact, the district court’s remarks create the appearance that appellants’ foreign nationality adversely affected its sentencing determination. Thus, we conclude that the district court’s conduct did not “satisfy the appearance of justice” and as such, appellants’ sentences cannot stand. Edwardo-Franco, 885 F.2d at 1006; Leung, 40 F.3d at 586-87.
This court has held that “if the judge relies upon prejudicial matters, such reliance constitutes an abuse of discretion that necessitates a resentencing hearing before a different judge.” Castillo v. State, 110 Nev. 535, 545, 874 P.2d 1252, 1259 (1994). Because here, we cannot conclusively determine that the district court did not improperly rely on prejudicial matters, namely appellants’ nationality, in rendering his sentencing decision, we must remand this matter for resentencing before a different judge.